new

Question 1

true/false canada has a higher # of immigrants than australia

Answer 1

false

Question 2

true/false there are over 2x the amount of permanent residents in Canada than there are people here on visas

Answer 2

false

Question 3

what % of pop. do temporary residents account for in Canada

Answer 3

6.8%

Question 4

what is the target immigration number for 2025

Answer 4

500k

Question 5

true/false relatively high immigration numbers do NOT necessarily mean immigrants are responsible for higher housing costs

Answer 5

true

Question 6

examples of “push factors”

Answer 6

economic push factors such as:

political instability (persecution of someone)
things that push people out of a country

Question 7

example of “pull” factor

Answer 7

• opposite to push factor
• ex persecution. if someone was pushed out of a country a pull factor would be something drawing them to a country.
• “inclusion factors”
• if economy fell apart in an industry, a pull factor would be the industry blooming somewhere (ex. film industry)
• members of a family or community being in the same country

Question 8

whats the largest source country immigrating to canada

Answer 8

India

Question 9

Political Economy Perspective on Immigration (4) points:

Answer 9

• Immigration is a tool to fulfill the labour needs of capitalist economies
• Migrants have fewer legal protections and bargaining power
• This allows employers to keep wages low and maintain a flexible labour force, benefitting capital owners and hurting all workers
• The state balances demand for low-cost labour with the need to manage social and political concerns about immigration

Question 10

There is an uneven distribution of capital and resources around
the world, which compels people to migrate

this is what perspective

Answer 10

political economy

Question 11

what is remittance

Answer 11

people sending money back to their family in their home country

Question 12

what does Globalization refer to

Answer 12

ex. global chain of how things are made. creatde, processed, marketed in diff places

Question 13

under the political economy perspective, why are immigrants attractive to us

Answer 13

• they’re willing to take lower paying jobs
• the rest of the world is subsidizing canada by raising its workforce.
  ex. person fed, educated, raised in another country (expensive) then canada just gets to benefit from them in the workforce

Question 14

whats an example of Demographic conditions

Answer 14

(i.e. declining
birth rates and aging populations)

Question 15

permanent residents in canada are usually categorized into belonging to one of these 3 categories:

Answer 15

economic immigrants, refugees, family class immigrants

Question 16

true/false in terms of the different kinds of immigrants, economic immigrants make up over half of immigrants admitted to canada

Answer 16

true

Question 17

refugees are admitted into Canada via three mechanisms:

Answer 17

govn. sponsored refugees
privately sponsored refugees
blended visa office-referred refugees

Question 18

what is the “safe third country agreement”

Answer 18

which prevents individuals from making a refugee claim in Canada if they have already found “safe haven” in another country (the US)

Question 19

what update did the roxham road case study push for

Answer 19

there were certain borders that people could freely cross, which have now been closed and made a part of the STCA (safe third country agreement)

Question 20

the 4 sub-categories of economic immigrants are:

Answer 20

skilled workers, business/self-employed, caregivers, and provincial/territorial nominees

Question 21

true/false temporary migrants do not have a pathway to citizenship

Answer 21

true

Question 22

3 ways people are non-status immigrants:

Answer 22

• People entering without official authorization
• people who over-stay visas, or
• failed refugee claimants who decide to stay “illegally”

Question 23

what does stratification refer to

Answer 23

strat. - the backstory of inequality. the process of it, how we got there
-the relative position of groups in society that get organized into a strata

Question 24

conflict/political economy perspective on stratification:

Answer 24

benefiting the wealthy/powerful, and keeping other ppl oppressed

Question 25

functionalist theory on stratification:

Answer 25

diff people have to be placed differently in society ex. diff kinds of labour needs, etc

Question 26

why do we use the example of layers of a cake in terms of stratification

Answer 26

where you are in a strata can have tremendous influences on moving up/down the levels. social mobility can be extremely difficult in a stratified society.

Question 27

what does caste refer to in terms of stratification

Answer 27

* status is ascribed at birth. mobility to break out of this status is very difficult.

Question 28

what does class/status refer to in terms of stratification

Answer 28

* achieved status social mobility possible, but limited. (canada)

Question 29

who wrote the vertical mosaic

Answer 29

John Porter

Question 30

Porter introduced the concept of the “vertical mosaic” to describe how:

Answer 30

Canada’s multicultural society is NOT a horizontal mosaic of equal groups

Question 31

what are the 2 charter groups and which one holds more power

Answer 31

british and french, british

Question 32

“Less preferred” groups from Eastern and Southern Europe that arrived in Canada later than the charter groups were relegated to lower ____ _____ status

Answer 32

entrance group

Question 33

primary labour market:

Answer 33

jobs that are prestigious, pay high wages, and provide opportunities for advancement

Question 34

secondary labour market:

Answer 34

jobs that do not require high education and offer no job security

Question 35

which group is the highest percentage of any group in Toronto to hold ONLY a primary school education (among white canadians)

Answer 35

portuguese

Question 36

True/false The overall class/gender/immigration income differentials among ethnic/racialized groups are greater than those within them

Answer 36

false

Question 37

Monica Boyd and collaborators have shown that Southern and Eastern European immigrant groups are _______ represented in higher ed, professions, and homeownership

Answer 37

increasingly

Question 38

does monica boyd's findings align with Porter's findings? why?

Answer 38

no, Porter thought Southern and Eastern European immigrant groups are permanantely disadvantaged whereas Monica thought the longer the generations were in canada, the children began to not have blocked mobility

Question 39

what is the colour coded vertical mosaic difference

Answer 39

They found that while there is a general convergence of earnings among European groups, visible minorities at all educational levels receive lower rewards

Question 40

is the ethnic occupational dissimilarity substaintial enough to justify the vertical mosaic image in canada?

Answer 40

yes

Question 41

example given of gender and the capitalist economy

Answer 41

only 4.9% of CEOs are women even though they make up almost half of the labour force

Question 42

true/false Racialized men and women earn less than their non-racialized counterparts

Answer 42

true

Question 43

skilled workers, Canadian experience, provincial nominees, caregiver (order from earning most to least)

Answer 43

Canadian experience, provincial nominees, skilled workers, caregivers

Question 44

true/false earning differences are greater among those with university education

Answer 44

true

Question 45

true/false the earnings of recent immigrants are higher than Canadian-born individuals and immigrants who have been in Canada for more than 5 years

Answer 45

false

Question 46

does the age of immigration effect anything? why?

Answer 46

Recent studies find that immigrants who come to Canada before their 16th birthday (1.5 generation) tends to do better economically than their Canadian-born counterparts

Question 47

T/F in comparison to Canadian-born earners, immigrants are earning less (hourly) than they used to

Answer 47

true

Question 48

where were the hot spots for the illegal online adds trying to sell visas to foriegn workers

Answer 48

BC, Alberta, Ontario

Question 49

whats going on with ontario medical school acceptance rates

Answer 49

they're being accused of biasing the acceptance to only residents of ontario. last year only 0.26% were international

Question 50

Multiculturalism usually has four interrelated meanings:

Answer 50

a demographic reality, pluralist ideology, form of struggle, a set of governmental policies and programs

Question 51

canadian population includes over ___ ethnic groups

Answer 51

450

Question 52

The cornerstone of multiculturalism is ____

Answer 52

pluralism

Question 53

what is the meaning of pluralism

Answer 53

all cultures are valued equally

Question 54

Cultural relativism is valued over ____

Answer 54

ethnocentrism

Question 55

within the diff. stages of multiculturalism, 1971–1980 was and celebrated:

Answer 55

folkloric, differences

Question 56

within the diff. stages of multiculturalism, 1980s was:

Answer 56

institutionalization and equity

Question 57

within the diff. stages of multiculturalism, 1990s was:

Answer 57

civic multiculturalism and sense of belonging

Question 58

within the diff. stages of multiculturalism Current stage:

Answer 58

integrative multiculturalism (focus on the integration of immigrants into Canadian society)

Question 59

one major critique of multiculturalism is that it over-emphasizes ___ while masking the real issues

Answer 59

culture

Question 60

one major critique of multiculturalism is that is focuses on individual responses (e.g., ___ ____ logic) to racism instead of political or organizational group responses

Answer 60

contact hypothesis

Question 61

one major critique of multiculturalism (in terms of being too effective) is that it leads to:

Answer 61

the hardening of ethnic and racial stereotypes

Question 62

a critique of multiculturalism (too effective) is that it "____" culture

Answer 62

disneyfies

Question 63

Mosaic Madness: Bibby (1990) suggests:

Answer 63

there is a construction of “mosaics within mosaics" meaning that its not likely people will come together across differences

Question 64

a critique of multiculturalism is the marginalization of ethnocultural issues. what does this mean

Question 65

Pluralism (does or does not) inevitably lead to relativism

Answer 65

does not

Question 66

The Quebec government has pursued a policy of _____ instead of multiculturalism

Answer 66

interculturalism

Question 67

does Quebec discourage or support ethnic enclaves? why?

Answer 67

discourages, wants people to live more integrated

Question 68

The concern with language in Quebec stems from two factors:

Answer 68

low birth rates and Quebec allophone communities tended to gravitate towards Anglophonic communities

Question 69

the moral contract quebec introduced in 1990 is based on three conditions:

Answer 69

- Recognition of French as the language of public life * Respect for liberal democratic values * Respect for pluralism, including openness to differences

Question 70

“____ ____” is the term used in Quebec to argue that governmental policies and programs should not only tolerate, but accommodate the cultural differences of new immigrants and minority group

Answer 70

Reasonable accommodation

Question 71

In 2014, the Parti Québécois proposed the Charter of Quebec Values (bill 60). what was it meant to do

Answer 71

uphold the values immigrants to attest that they of state-level secularism and religious neutrality, and equality between men and women

Question 72

in 2016 the Parti Québécois introduced bill 62. what did it do

Answer 72

reaffirmed Quebec’s commitment to secularism.

Question 73

in 2020, the Quebec govn. introduced the online "___ ___" for prospective immigrants

Answer 73

values test