New

Question 2

Chronic peptic ulcers are most often associated with ______ infection or ______ use.

Answer 2

H-pylori infection or NSAID use

Question 3

The most common sites for chronic peptic ulcers are ______ and ______.

Answer 3

The gastric antrum and first portion of the duodenum

Question 4

The four histological layers of chronic peptic ulcers are: (1) ______, (2) ______, (3) ______, (4) ______.

Answer 4

Necrotic debris, Nonspecific acute inflammatory cells, Granulation tissue, Fibrosis

Question 5

Zollinger-Ellison syndrome is a tumor known as ______ and leads to excessive secretion of ______, causing multiple ulcers in the stomach, duodenum, and even jejunum.

Answer 5

Gastrinoma, Gastrin

Question 6

The most frequent complication of chronic peptic ulcers, occurring in 15% to 20% of patients, is ______.

Answer 6

Bleeding

Question 7

Perforation occurs in 5% of cases, causing the escape of gut contents into the ______ cavity, leading to ______.

Answer 7

Peritoneal, acute peritonitis

Question 8

Healing of chronic peptic ulcers can cause ______, such as pyloric obstruction.

Answer 8

Contraction of fibrous scar

Question 9

Malignant transformation occurs in less than ______% in gastric ulcers and never occurs in ______ ulcers.

Answer 9

1%, duodenal

Question 10

Benign gastric tumors include polyps, leiomyomas, lipomas, and ______.

Answer 10

Adenomatous polyps

Question 11

Adenomatous polyps are true benign neoplasms that may turn into ______, particularly if dysplasia is exhibited on biopsy.

Answer 11

Carcinomas

Question 12

The most common risk factors for gastric carcinoma include ______, ______, and ______.

Answer 12

High intake of alcohol and smoking, Nitrate or nitrite in the food, Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)

Question 13

Gross features of gastric carcinoma include ______, ______, and ______.

Answer 13

Exophytic (large fungating mass), Ulcerative (nodular, irregular border), Diffuse infiltrating (leather bottle or linitis plastica)

Question 14

In the Laurén classification, the intestinal type of gastric carcinoma shows ______ or ______ structure.

Answer 14

Tubular or Glandular

Question 15

The diffuse type of gastric carcinoma shows ______ appearance, with tumor cells accumulating intracellular mucin and pushing the nucleus to the periphery.

Answer 15

Signet ring cell

Question 16

Gastric cancer can spread through local spread to adjacent structures such as ______ and ______.

Answer 16

Pancreas, duodenum

Question 17

Gastric lymphoma, which makes up 5% of all gastric malignancies, has a better ______.

Answer 17

Prognosis