New Castle

Question 1

Virus/Bacteria/Fungus/Parasite

Answer 1

Virus

Question 2

What family is it part of?

Answer 2

Paramyxoviridae

Question 3

Structure

Answer 3

enveloped, negative sense ssRNA

Question 4

Proteins contained

Answer 4

H, N, and F

Question 5

F protein

Answer 5

fusion protein, neutralizes antibodies

Question 6

Is it a food safety or public health concern

Answer 6

no

Question 7

It can be lowly or highly pathogenic

Answer 7

true

Question 8

Most common species

Answer 8

waterfowl. double crested cormorants, white pelicans, and ring-billed gulls, domestic avian species

Question 9

Transmission Cycle

Answer 9

Infected birds expel virus in exhaled air, respiratory discharge, and feces-> transmitted though direct contact, feces can contaminate environment (indirect)-> movement of infected birds, poultry products, and people and contaminated equipment or litter

Question 10

Pathogenesis

Answer 10

Velogen, Mesogen, and Lentogen. Infects via respiratory or GI tract-> chicken most susceptible and highly dependent on age, immune status, and stress factors

Question 11

Velogen

Answer 11

virulent

Question 12

Mesogen

Answer 12

moderately virulent

Question 13

Lentogen

Answer 13

low virulence, often used for vaccines

Question 14

Incubation period

Answer 14

4-6 days

Question 15

Clinical Signs

Answer 15

lethargy, inappetance, respiratory distress/wheezing, clear oral mucus discharge, prostration, sudden death, comb cyanosis, periorbital or facial edema, green diarrhea, reduce egg production

Question 16

Respiratory vs GI exposure

Answer 16

Extremely rapid onset if respiratory, slower if GI

Question 17

Which are more susceptible young or old birds

Answer 17

young birds

Question 18

Can have very high morbidity and mortality

Answer 18

true

Question 19

Neurological Signs

Answer 19

develop in 10-14 days
tremors and convulsions, paralysis of wings and legs, torticollis, circling with clonic spasms, complete paralysis

Question 20

Pathologic Lesions

Answer 20

Petechiation on serosal membranes and meninges, hemorrhaging in GI tissues, including multifocal necrosis, splenic and thymic necrosis, congestion and hemorrhage in trachea and lungs, egg yolk peritonitis, atrophies ovarian follicles, congestion and mucoid discharge in respiratory tract with opacity and thickening or air sacs

Question 21

Testing

Answer 21

infection confirmed by recovery of a hemagglutinating virus that is inhibited with NDV antiserum, detection of NDV RNA by real-time RT-PCR
Confirmation uses intracerebral inoculated chicks, culling them, and looking for F protein

Question 22

Management

Answer 22

flock vaccination in domestic fowl, cull diseased animals, and biosecurity