New Deck Flashcards
(119 cards)
1
Q
Abject Poverty
A
Extreme poverty in which an individual lives on less than $1 per day
2
Q
Aboriginal collective thought
A
a way of thinking that valuse the group more than the individual
3
Q
Aboriginal Healing Foundation
A
a foundation created as a result of the Royal Commission of Aboriginal People who encourage and support Aboriginal People as they creat healing processes
4
Q
Aboriginal Rights
A
include their land and treaty rights, and rights pertaining to their history, culture and language
5
Q
Aboriginal Self-government
A
making their own decisions regarding their economy, education, culryue, use of natural resources, and other areas of concern for their well-being.
6
Q
Adam Smith
A
(1723-1790) An influentail Scottish political economist who challenged the key ideas behind the mercantilist system and secribed how a free-market economy would work
7
Q
Adherence to Collective Norm
A
Faithful observance of the norms or standards imposed on members of a group as a condition of membership in the group
8
Q
Altruism
A
unselfishness and a focus on the needs of others
9
Q
Anti-terrorism Act
A
a law passes by Canada’s Parliament in December 2001, in responce to the September 11,2001 terrorist attacks on the United States
10
Q
anti-war movment
A
an organized campaign against war.
11
Q
Assimilation
A
the process by ethnic or cultural groups adopt the culture of a dominant group and are absorbed into its society
12
Q
Authoritarian Political Systems
A
Political systems in whicyh all decisions related to governing the state are made by a small group of people or by one person (military rulers, a leader, or a dictator)
13
Q
Beliefs
A
the ideas and understandings that a person holds to be true
14
Q
Bolsheviks
A
members of a wing of the Russian Social-democratic Workers’ Party, led by Vladimir Lenin
15
Q
Bourgeoisie
A
a french work that refers to the social class that evolved in Europe during the Middle Ages with the development of cities and the growth in trade.
16
Q
brinkmanship
A
international behaviour or foreign policy that takes a country to the brink of war
17
Q
Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms
A
a document entreched in the constitutional Act, 1982 tghat lists and secribes the fundamental right and freedoms guaranteed to chanadians
18
Q
Capitalism
A
an economic system based on free markets, fair competition, wise cunsumers, and profit-motivated producers, in which a minimum of government involvement is favourted
19
Q
Capitalist
A
an economy that oiperates with limited government intervention
20
Q
Censorship
A
restricting freedom of expressing or freedom of access to ideas or work
21
Q
Centrally Planned Economy
A
an economic system based on public ownership of property, in which government planners dicide which goods to produce
22
Q
Citizenship
A
membership by birth or naturalization in a society, community, or counrys
23
Q
Civil Disobedience
A
interntional, public refusal to obey a law; usually a form of non-violent political protest
24
Q
Class System
A
the division of a society into different classes ot people, usually bases on income or wealth
25
Classical Liberal
bases on the ideology of classical liberalism
26
Classical Liberalism
an ideology that is bass on the belief that the rights and freedoms of the indiviual should be the foundation for society.
27
Cold War
(1945-1991) an ideological conflict between the communist Soviet Union and its allies and the capitalist liberal democratic United States and its allies.
28
Collective Interest
the set of goals or ideals that members of a group pursue together and that will benefit the group as a whole
29
Collective Responsibility
a groups' responsibility for the actions of indidual members, as well as the idea that individuals have a responsibility to the group that is greater than their individual responsibility
30
Collective Security
the mutual protection of the members of an organization against an outside threat
31
Collective Will
the wants or wishes or a group of people
32
Collectivism
an ideology that places the meeds and goals of the collectibve, or group, before those of any individual member of the group
33
Command Economy
an economic system bases on public ownership of property, in which government planners decide which goods to produce, how to produce them and how they should be distributed
34
Common Good
the food of a community, something that benefits the public health, safty, and/or well-being of society as a whole
35
Communism
an ideology bases on the belief that the oppreswses working class must overcome its property-owning oppressors through revolution
36
Competition
the struggle among two or more people or groups for an economic, social or political advantage
37
Consensus Decision Making
a form of dicision making whereby indiciduals in a group share ideas, solutions and concerns to fins a resolution that all members of the group can accept
38
Constitution Act
(1867-1982) the act originally passes by the British Parliament that establishes Canada and its form of government
39
Constitutional Monarchy
a political system in which a monarch shares pwoer with a constitutionally organized government
40
Containment
the US cold War foreign policy of stopping to spread of communism by establishing strategic allies arounf the world through trade and military alliances
41
Co-operation
people working together to accomplish common goals,a principle emphasized by collectivest ideologies
42
Crown Corporations
companies owned by canadian federal or provincial government, which are formed to serve the commom good
43
Crown Land
government-owner land, which is often rented or leases to individuals or companies for profit
44
Compulsory Enfranchisement
the automatic loss of status and rights provided by the Indian Act, and the gaining of citizenship rights
45
Debt
an obligation to pay back borrowed money, example is Credit-card debt
46
Democracy
a political system in which the people have the power to make or influence government decisions directly ot indirectly through such processes as free election
47
Democratic Socialism
a political ideology that advocates a peaceful, evolutionary transition of society from capitalism to socialism through democratic means
48
Detente
a period of the Cold War fron the mid-1960s to 1979 duing which the major powers treid to lessen the tensions between them through diplomany, treaties, arms talks and reductions, and cultural exchanges
49
Deterrence
The Cold War foreign policy of both major powers, aiming to deter the military advances of the other through developing and building up arms, eespecially nuclear weapons
50
Dictator
a indicidual ruler or a small group that has complete control over the laws by which its people live, and thereby control the economy, social structure, and political decisionmakeing of the country
51
Dictatorship
a form of government in which one person or a small group possesses absolute power
52
Direct Democracy
a form of democratic government in which people participate directly in political decision makeing operating on the belief that every citizen's voice is important and necessary for an orderly and efficient society
53
Distribution of Wealth
How that wealth and income generated by an economy are divided or shared among the different groups that make up a society
54
Economic Equality
a principle common to collectivist ideologies, which can have different meanings depending on the person or the ideology.
55
Economic Freedom
the ability of individuals to act freely as consumers and producers within an economic system
56
Egalitarianism
an ideology that holds that all pwoplw should be treated as equals and have the same political, civil, economic and social rights under the law
57
Emergencies Act
a set of laws that permits the Canadian government to invoke special measures to deal with emergencies
58
Enfranchisement
granting people the rights of citizens, especially the right to vote. Until 1960, for first Nations people in Canada, this also meant fiving up or abandoning their First Nations or Indian status
59
Environment
our surroundings; can mean either the natural world around us, includeing all plants and animals, the air, the soil and the water, or out social or cultural surroundings
60
Environmental Concerns
areas of specific concern regarding the natural environment of the planet
61
Environmentalism
a political and ethical ideology that focuses on protecting the natural environment and lessening the harmful effects that human activities have on ecosystems
62
Equal Opportunity/Opportunities
policies and practices in employment and other areas that do not discriminate against individuals on the basis of race, color, age, gender, national origin, religion, or mental or physical disability
63
Equitable distibution of income and wealth
the idea that all people should earn euqal income for work of similar value
64
Eugenics
an ideology based on the premise that all human physical and mental characteristics are passes on through biiological heredity
65
Excessive Intrusion
government interfering in personal or business matters to what some people consider an unreasonable extent
66
Expansionism
a political and military policy of taking over additional territory through the violation of another country's sovereignty
67
Extremism
the action or ideologies of individuals or groups outside what is considered acceptable in a society
68
Fascism
an authoritarian system of government that includes extreme militaristic nationalism, a belief in the rulse of elites, and a totalitarian society in which individual interests are subordinated to the good of the nation-state
69
Feminism
a political movment involving organized efforts to achieve political, social,a dn economic equality for women
70
First Nations
Aboriginal people, who were once called Indians, descendant of the original inhabitants of Canada
71
First Past the Post
an electoral system in which the candidate with the most votes in an electoral district wins the election
72
Flat Tax
a tax system in which taxpayers at all levels of income are taxed at the same rate
73
Free-market Economy
an economic system that operates with limited government intervention
74
Free Vote
a special vote in which legislators are free to vote as they chooses rather than according to the policy of their political party
75
Fundamental Right
the key rights with which, some believe, all human beings are born, such as the right to life, liberty and security
76
Global warming
an invrease in the average temp. of the eath's atmosphere
77
Government Intervention
actions taken by government to influence the economy
78
Govenor General
in Canada, the appornted respresentative of the Crown who exercises a largely ceremonial exective role as Canada's head pf state in parliament and in public events
79
Grassroots Movement
a campaign that usually begins when a few people share a belief about how a situation must change
80
Great Depression
an economic crisis that began with the stock market crash in 1929 and continued through the 1930's
81
Great Law of Peace
the constitution of the Haudenosaunee Confederacy outlining a form of governance bases on the caluse of peace, power, and righteousness
82
Haudenosaunee Confederacy
an alliance of six First Nation: Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, Cayuga, Seneca and Tuscarora
83
Health Crises
situations where there is the threat of a disease spreading widely and quickly or where there are other medical or health-related emergencies such as famine,drought, or infestations of insects or other organisms
84
Human Interdependence
the idea that individyals do not live their lives in isolation, but rather depenf on one another in many ways
85
Humanitarian Crises
disasters such as famines, pandemics, natural calmitiese (earthquakes), or wars that cause great hardship and loss
86
Humanitarianism
an ideology bases on trying to imprve other people's lliving conditions, such as providing care for those in need or trying to stop human rights violations
87
Human Rights
the rights and freedoms to which all humans are entitled
88
Ideological Conflict
a struggle between two distinct and opposing sets of beliefs and values
89
Ideological Spectrum
a diagram on which ideologies can be organized according to a particular set of criteria
90
Ideology
a system or thought bases on beliefs and valuse that include ideas about how the world works
91
Imposition
forcing something on people whether they want it or not
92
Indian Act
an act of Canada's Parlienebt first passes in 1876, since amended many times, dealing with the governanve of First Nations reserves
93
Individualism
an ideology that valuse the rights and freedoms of the individual, often above the security and harmony of the whole group
94
Individual rights and freedoms
the rights associated with personal liberty, such as freedom of religion and of associathion, and the right to lifem liberty and the security of the person
95
Industrializtion
the process of introducing technology to produce goods, which results in mass production and mass consumption within a society
96
Industrial Revolution
economic and social change, such as the ones that began in England in the late 18th century
97
Interest groups
organizations that seek to influence elected officials
98
Internet Censorship
the act of restriction freedom of expression of of access to ideas or work on the Internet
99
Inuit
Aboriginal people in northern Canada living generally north of the tree line in Nunavut
100
John Stuart Mill (1806-1873)
an influentail British political thinker, whoses essay is seen as one of the most important origins of liberal thought
101
Labour Standards
Government-enforced rules and standards aimed at providing soafe, clean working environments and protecting workers' rights
102
Labour Unions
organized groups of workers who try to improve the working conditions and wages for a specific group or workers or for an entire industry
103
Laissez-faire
a french term meaning "leave alone" or "let it be"
104
Land Holding
ideas and practices related to access and rights to the use of land
105
Leadership
demonstration the ability to lead a group of pwoplw to get something done, address a cause, or resolve a problem
106
Leninism
a political ideology bases on Russian leader Vladinir Lenin's interpretation of communism
107
Liberal Democracy
a form of government in which the rights and freedoms of the indivisual are guaranteed, including the rights of individuals to vote for the political leaders of their country
108
Liberalism
an ideology based of the importance of individual liberly and the valuse of individualism
109
Liberation Movements
people's military and political struggles for independence from countries that have colonized or otherwise oppressed them
110
Lieutenant-governor
the appornted representatine of the Crown in each province
111
Limited Government
the principle of minimal government intervention in the lives of individuals and in the workings of an economy
112
Majority Government
a government formed by the party
113
Metis
people of mixed Firs Nations and European ancestry who identify themselves as Metis
114
Millennium Development Goals
worldwide goals for the new millennium as sat out bu the United Mations in 2000
115
Minority Government
a government formed when the governing politival party holds fewer then half of the total seatsin the house of Commons
116
Mixed Economy
an economic system in which free-market principles and combined with some degree of government
117
Modern Liberalism
an ideology that developer over time to address concern with the inequality and injustices
118
Monopolies
companies with exclusive ownership of trade in a particular product
119
