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Question 1

Sufi

Answer 1

a practioner of Sufism, adheres to the inner mystical dimensions of islam, classical Sufis are characterized by their asceticism and a practice of repeating the names of God.

Question 2

Zengi

Answer 2

the atabeg of Aleppo, Hama, Mosul, and Edessa and founder of the Zengid dynasty

Question 3

ulama’

Answer 3

educated class of Muslim scholars that study different fields of Islamic law. They are known as arbiters of shari’a law.

Question 4

al-Hakim

Answer 4

– first Fatimid ruler to be born in Egypt.

Question 5

Ismaili

Answer 5

practicioner of Ismailism Islam. Second largest branch of Shia Islam, get their name because they believe Isma ibn Jafar is the successfor to Jafar as Sadiq

Question 6

Yazid

Answer 6

umayyad caliph

Question 7

Shi’a

Answer 7

second largest denomination of islam, believe that only God has the right to choose a representative of Islam, Quoran, and Shariah.

Question 8

Muawiyah

Answer 8

first caliph of the Umayyad dynasty. Reviled in Shia Islam

Question 9

Uthman

Answer 9

third Caliph of the Umayyad dynasty, compiled the Quran into the text we know today

Question 10

fitna

Answer 10

civil war, arose over who had the right to be the ruling Caliph, ended in the division of Shia and Sunni sects

Question 11

umma

Answer 11

Ancient city in Sumer

Question 12

“The Believers” (al-Mu’mineen)

Answer 12

“Commander of the Believers”, title given to the Iman Ali by the prophet Muhammed, but was later attributed to anyone who became a caliph

Question 13

Hypocrites (munafiqun)

Answer 13

the 63rd sura of the qu’ran with 11 ayat

Question 14

Khadija

Answer 14

Muhammed’s first wife, was a wealthy widow when she married him

Question 15

Ahura Mazda

Answer 15

The highest deity of worship in zoroastrianism

Question 16

Ctesiphon

Answer 16

Capital to the Sassanids, great city in ancient Mesopotamia

Question 17

Monophysites

Answer 17

christological positions that Jesus Christ only has one nature, his humanity was absorbed by his Deity

Question 18

Khosro II Parviz

Answer 18

Sassanid King of Persia, he allied with the Byzantines to regain control of Persia

Question 19

Heraclius

Answer 19

a Byzantine emperor from 610-641, responsible for introducing Greek as the empire’s official language, fought with the Sassanids

Question 20

Axum

Answer 20

City in northern Ethiopia that was the Capital of the Kingdom of Axum, a naval and trading power

Question 21

Constantine I

Answer 21

Roman emperor from 306 to 337, first Roman Emperor to convert to Christianity, built a new imperial residence and named it Constantinople

Question 22

Helpers (ansar)

Answer 22

Medinian helpers who helped Muhammed and the Muhajirun on their arrival to the city after the Migration to Medina

Question 23

hijra

Answer 23

The migration of the prophet Muhammed from Mecca to Medina in 622

Question 24

al-mansur

Answer 24

second abbasid caliph from 754-775, during his reign literature and scholarly works in the Islamic world began to emerge in full forece

Question 25

Harun al-Rashid

Answer 25

the fifth arab abbasid caliph in Iraq. His reign saw a flourishing of science, religion, and cultural

Question 26

Sassanids

Answer 26

The Sassanid era, during Late Antiquity, is considered to have been one of Persia's/Iran's most important and influential historical periods, and constituted the last great Iranian empire before the Muslim conquest and the adoption of Islam224-651.

Question 27

Archaemenids

Answer 27

first Persian empire, world’s largest empire in terms of percentage of world population, at some point encompassed 45 percent of the world’s population

Question 28

Alexander the Great

Answer 28

king of macedon, a state in northern Greece. Created one of the largest empires in ancient history. He was undefeated in battle and is one of the most successful commanders of all time.

Question 29

Himyar

Answer 29

Kingdom in ancient Yemen, linked East Africa and Mediterrenean world for many years

Question 30

Alfred Thayer Mahan

Answer 30

United States flag officer that coined the term 'Middle East' in 1902

Question 31

Cuneiform Civilization Complex