new material final

Question 1

personality

Answer 1

collections of traits that capture enduring patterns of thoughts, emotion, and behavior –> stable

Question 2

personality disorder

Answer 2

persistent, INFLEXIBLE, pattern of internal experience and outward behavior
– often capture extreme versions of the big 5

Question 3

big 5

Answer 3

seen across all cultures; acronym = OCEAN
openness to experiene
extraversion 
conscientiousness
agreeableness
neuroticism

Question 4

personality clusters

Answer 4

A – odd or eccentric: schizoid, paranoid, schizotypical
B– erratic, dramatic, emotional: antisocial, borderline, histrionic, narcissitic
C – anxious or fearful: dependent, avoidant, obsessive compulsive

Question 5

paranoid PD

Answer 5

pervasive pattern of distrust or suspicion such that motives are interpreted as malevolent. begins early adulthood and 4+ features

Question 6

paranoid PD clinical features

Answer 6

• reluctant to confide in others
• bears grudges
• finds hidden meanings in benign comments
• persistent and unjustified mistrust and suspicion
• preoccupied with doubts of loyalty and fidelity

Question 7

causes of Paranoid PD

Answer 7

unclear; early learning that world’s a dnagerous place

Question 8

Paranoid PD treatment

Answer 8

few seek treatment; focus on developing trust and cognitive therapy to counter negativstic thinking

Question 9

schizoid PD

Answer 9

pervasive pattern of detachment from social relationships and restricted range of emotions in interpersonal settings; early adulthood and 4+ features

think of this as a hermit; extreme introversion

Question 10

schizoid features

Answer 10

little interest in sex 
few close friends 
almost always chooses solitary activities 
little pleasure in activities 
indiffernet to praise and criticism 
emotional coldness/detachment

Question 11

causes of schizoid

Answer 11

unclear; preference for isolation resembles autism

Question 12

treatment – schizoid

Answer 12

few seek this (no distress); focus on value of interpersonal relationships and developing empathy/social skills

Question 13

schizotypical PD

Answer 13

pervasive pattern of social and interpersonal deficits, eccentric behavior, reduced capacity for close relationships, & cognitive/perceptual distortions
early adulthood; 5 features
seen as a long prodromal phase for schizophrenia

Question 14

schizotypical features

Answer 14

magical thinking, metaphorical speech, delusions, ideas of reference
unusual behavior and appearance (constricted or inappropriate affect)
lack of close friends, highly suspicious, excessive anxiety
– often comorbid w depression

Question 15

schizotypical causes

Answer 15

similar but more mild than schizophrenia

Question 16

schizotypical treatment

Answer 16

medical treatment similar to schizophrenia, meds to treat comorbid depression
main focus on developing social skills

Question 17

histrionic PD

Answer 17

pervasive pattern of excessive emotionality and attention seeking

early adult and 5 features

Question 18

histrionic features

Answer 18

• needs to be the center of attention
• impressionistic cognitive style –> speech lacking in detail, grandiose language, dramatization and theatricality
• inappropriate sexual behavior (dress to draw attention to oneself)
• easily influenced by others
• thinks relationships are more intimate than they are
• needs approval / praise

Question 19

antisocial PD

Answer 19

pervasive pattern of disregard for and violation of the rights of others. need 3 or more since age of 15 but have to be at least 18 y.o to be diagnosed with this

focuses on behaviors to define; antisocial does not always mean psychopathy but all psychopaths have antisocial

Question 20

antisocial features

Answer 20

• lack of remorse
• failure to conform to social norms (in terms of lawful behavior)
• deceitfulness (repeated lying, conning, aliases)
• irritability or aggressiveness (consistent physical fights)
• impulsivity (failure to plan ahead)
• reckless disregard for safety of oneself or others
• consistent irresponsibility

Question 21

causes of antisocial

Answer 21

genetic predisposition for fearlessness + environmental triggers (abusive parents etc)
- arousal hypotheses

Question 22

underarousal hypothesis (cause of antisocial)

Answer 22

abnormally low levels of cortisol arousal (in antisocial people) is the primary cause of their risk taking behaviors because they are trying to seek stimulation to boost arousal

Question 23

fearlessness hypothesis (cause of antisocial)

Answer 23

people with antisocial have a higher threshold for experiencing fear

Question 24

hare psychopathy checklist

Answer 24

big predictors – look at personality traits:

• glibness / superficial charm
• conning / manipulative
• pathological lying
• proneness to boredom
• grandiose self worth (entitlement)
• lack of remorse

Question 25

borderline PD

Answer 25

pervasive pattern of instability in interpersonal relationships, affect, and self image; and marked impulsivity early adulthood and 5 features -- these people feel everythign and don't know how to cope with it `

Question 26

borderline features

Answer 26

- frantic efforts to avoid real or imagined abandonment - chronic feelings of emptiness - unstable and intense interpersonal relationships - unstable self image and sense of self - impulsivity in at least 2 areas that are potentially self damaging - recurrent suicidal or self mutiliating behavior (cutting) - inappropriate, intense anger

Question 27

borderline treatment

Answer 27

highly likely to seek treatment ; antidepressants or dialectic behavior therapy

Question 28

dialectic behavior therapy (for borderline)

Answer 28

mindfulnes, interpersonal effectiveness (how to be in a relationship), distress tolerance, emotional regulation skills. effective in reducing self harm/suicideness, patients stay in treatment and increase quality of life

Question 29

borderline vs bipolar

Answer 29

bipolar is episodic and borderline is persistent and chronic

Question 30

narcissistic PD

Answer 30

pervasive pattern of grandiosity, need for admiration, and lack of empathy early adulthood and 5 features

Question 31

narcissistic features

Answer 31

- grandiose sense of self importance - requires excessive admiration - fantasies of success/wealth/power - affiliate with high status people or things - entitlement - lack of empathy - envious or thinks people envy them

Question 32

obsessive compulsive PD

Answer 32

no intrusions like OCD, but preoccupation with order and control

Question 33

Obsessive compulsive features

Answer 33

loss of flexibility, openness, efficiency perfectionism interferes with task completion inflexible in matters of morality, values, ethics stubborn/rigid preoccupied with rules, details, lists, order, organization excessively devoted to work and productivity reluctant to delegate tasks or work with others

Question 34

avoidant PD

Answer 34

pervasive pattern of social inhibition, feelings of inadequacy, and hypersensitivity to negative evaluation early adulthood, 4 + features