New Physiology

Question 1

Which blood type would agglutinate if donated to a person with type a+ blood?

Answer 1

B-

Question 2

In relation to normal LV heart muscle, what is the force of contraction directly related to?

Answer 2

The resting length of the muscle fibre at the end of diastole

Question 3

What is the appropriate pathway of steps for hemostasis?

Answer 3

Vascular spasm, platelet plug formation, coagulation, clot retraction, thrombolysis

Question 4

What is the effect of raised arterial blood pressure at arterial baroreceptors?

Answer 4

Increase firing of action potentials in afferent nerves

Question 5

What does an increase in the afferent arteriole result in?

Answer 5

Decrease in renal blood flow, decrease in glomerular capillary hydrostatic pressure and decrease in glomerular filtration rate

Question 6

With respect to the peripheral circulation, vasodilation in skeletal muscle is produced by ____?

Answer 6

Stimulation of sympathetic cholinergic nerve fibres

Question 7

Which blood type can safely be given to a patient with blood type B- during transfusion?

Answer 7

O-

Question 8

What do baroreceptor reflexes produce?

Answer 8

Raised arterial blood pressure (BP) in response to a fall in BP

Question 9

What are the afferent nerves for the baroreceptor reflexes?

Answer 9

Vagus and glossopharyngeal nerves

Question 10

What does rhythmic skeletal muscle contraction in the legs, as in walking, do to venous return?

Answer 10

Increases venous return by squeezing veins

Question 11

What is sickle call anaemia?

Answer 11

A genetic disease

Question 12

Describe the mechanism involved in micturition

Answer 12

Contraction of bladder smooth muscle, internal sphincter passively pulled open and external sphincter relaxes

Question 13

Why can the mother be injected with to prevent rhesus disease of a newborn?

Answer 13

Immunoglobulins

Question 14

With respect to the peripheral circulation, histamine is a _____?

Answer 14

Vasodilator

Question 15

Which hormone increases the force of contraction in relation to normal left ventricular heart muscle?

Answer 15

Circulation epinephrine (adrenaline)

Question 16

Why is the osmolarity of the fluid at the bottom of the loop of Henle juxtamedullary nephrons?

Answer 16

1200mOsm

Question 17

Red blood cells are usually _____ in people suffering from iron deficiency anaemia

Answer 17

Microcytic

Question 18

What are the efferent nerves for the baroreceptor reflexes?

Answer 18

Vagus and sympathetic nerves to the heart and sympathetic nerves to blood vessels

Question 19

Where are arterial baroreceptors located?

Answer 19

Carotid sinus and aortic arch

Question 20

With respect to the peripheral circulation, adrenaline acting through a receptors will cause ____?

Answer 20

Vasoconstriction

Question 21

The filtration fraction averages ___% of the plasma that enters the glomerulus

Answer 21

20

Question 22

Why is it reabsorbed at the PCT?

Answer 22

Penicillin

Question 23

What is the % of oxygen saturation of haemoglobin at a pO2 of 40mmHg?

Answer 23

75

Question 24

With respect to the peripheral circulation and pH within the interstitial fluid, more acid pH will cause ____?

Answer 24

Vasodilation

Question 25

In relation to normal LV heart muscle, the force of contraction at any one resting fibre length is _____?

Answer 25

Incr we see by sympathetic nerve stimulation

Question 26

In relation to normal LV heart muscle, the force of contraction is dependent on _____ ions in extracellular fluid

Answer 26

Calcium

Question 27

On changing from a lying to a standing position blood pressure is kept constant as a result of ____

Answer 27

A generalised peripheral vasoconstriction

Question 28

The conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin involve breaking which type of bonds?

Answer 28

Peptide