new psychology

Question 1

what is psychology?

Answer 1

the study of the mind, people and behaviour as opposed to just a study of the mind

Question 2

what is the difference between clinical and educational sport psychologist?

Answer 2

travel of the intervention, clinical psychologist take “abnormal” clients to normal clients and educational sport psychologist work with normal clients to supernormal athletes

Question 3

what is a clinical sport psychologist ?

Answer 3

usually clinically trained and work with clinical issues the athlete might be experiencing such as eating disorders or depression.
attempt to try and bring ‘abnormal’ back to normal

Question 4

what is self-handicapping?

Answer 4

self-attributional process which , win or lose, protects self-esteem

Question 5

what are signs of self-handicapping?

Answer 5

missing practice, less effort, poor behaviour (drinking alcohol and taking drugs)

Question 6

when scheduling reinforcement what is important to consider?

Answer 6

the time and frequency which can be split up into continuous and intermittent

Question 7

what is continuous scheduling reinforcement ?

Answer 7

reinforcement occurs after each response

Question 8

what is intermittent scheduling reinforcement?

Answer 8

reinforcement occur after some response

Question 9

pros and cons of continuous?

Answer 9

quicker results

quicker extinction of targeted behaviour

Question 10

pros and cons of intermittent

Answer 10

longer term retention of targeted behaviour.

longer time to condition behaviour

Question 11

what is reinforcement ?

Answer 11

both reward and punishment

Question 12

what is the different between positive and negative reinforcement ?

Answer 12

positive is the addition of something

negative is the removal of something

Question 13

positive reward?

Answer 13

the addition of a pleasant event after targeted behaviour has been presented
for example, win the game get a trophy

Question 14

negative reward

Answer 14

removal of unpleasant event after wanted behaviour has been shown
for example, coach stop nagging when player arrives on time

Question 15

positive punishment ?

Answer 15

the addition of unpleasant event following unwanted behaviour
for example, tidy up games hall once every one has left because you cam elate

Question 16

negative punishment ?

Answer 16

the removal of pleasant event following unwanted behaviour

for example, can’t play on the team next week because your behaviour was bad during training

Question 17

generalisation?

Answer 17

the tendency of a conditioned behaviour to evoke similar stimuli response after the response has been conditioned

Question 18

extinction?

Answer 18

the gradual elimination of tendency to perform a response

Question 19

shaping?

Answer 19

idea of rewarding behaviour in which is a successful approximation of targeted behaviour

start with big boundaries gradually minimise them ignoring those furthest away from targeted behaviour to get desired behaviour

Question 20

operant conditioning ?

Answer 20

form of learning which voluntary response is strengthened or reduced by its consequence

Question 21

classical conditioning?

Answer 21

process which one learns how to link 2 or more stimuli in their minds and react to one as tho it was the other

for example , reaction to opponents leading to a false start

Question 22

what is weiners attributional model?

Answer 22

locus of causality - internal or external
stability - stable or unstable
ability, task difficulty , effort and luck weather referee

Question 23

what is the attributional theory ?

Answer 23

explanations we give ourselves when something happens

Question 24

what is attribution process?

Answer 24

event
outcome
post event analysis
attribution/explanation
affective réponse and future explanations
motivation for subsequent participation

Question 25

what are the attentional focuses ?

Answer 25

broad internal, broad external (collecting and assessing environment) narrow internal , narrow external (focus on a target and perform task)

Question 26

what are the examples of broad external and narrow external ?

Answer 26

``` broad external (collecting and assessing environment) defender analysing pitch to see who has the ball, where opposition are narrow external (focus on single target and perform a task) focus on ball just before serve in tennis ```

Question 27

define group cohesion

Answer 27

dynamic process that is related in a groups tendency to perform a task well to achieve its goal and experiencing satisfaction and liking other group members

Question 28

what are the 2 types of cohesion

Answer 28

social cohesion and task cohesion

Question 29

what is task cohesion?

Answer 29

how well team members work together to achieve metal team goal. for example, team playing well on pitch to win cup

Question 30

what is social cohesion?

Answer 30

to what extent do team members like each other and enjoy being in each others company for example, same football team spend time together after training and go out for dinner

Question 31

what is social facilitation?

Answer 31

the preseonse of others facilitate performance when task is simple and well-learned and deliberate performance when task is un-learned or is complex.

Question 32

implications to practice for social facilitation?

Answer 32

avoid observing and audience during practice, take note of what characterises of the crowd effect/ impact the athlete/ students performance, develop strategies which will maintain confidence when playing in front of an (interactive) audience.

Question 33

what factors might influence performances when playing infant of an audience?

Answer 33

crowd density, crowd size, intimacy

Question 34

what is arousal ?

Answer 34

a blend of physiological and psychology activity in a person and it refers to the intensity of dimension of motivation at a particular moment

Question 35

what is anxiety ?

Answer 35

negative emotion state characterise day nervousness, worry and apprehension and associated with activation or arousal of the body

Question 36

what are the 2 components of anxiety?

Answer 36

somatic - symptoms a person experience when in anxiety such as butterflies in stomach cognitive - specific thoughts that occur when in anxiety such as worry or apprehension

Question 37

what is state anxiety

Answer 37

situation specific anxiety response at a given point in time that can change from moment to moment

Question 38

what is trait anxiety

Answer 38

behavioural tendency or a stable predisposition to feel anxiety across varies of situation (personal trait)

Question 39

describe the drive theory (spence and spence)

Answer 39

the relationship between arousal and performance is positive and linear because as arousal increase, so does performance

Question 40

limitations to drive theory ?

Answer 40

is high arousal ALWAYS associated with high performance ?

Question 41

what is the inverted u-hypthesis (oxen dine)

Answer 41

relationship between arousal and performance is a curvilinear says performance is poor at low or high arousal and is best at intermediate levels

Question 42

individualised zones of optimal functioning

Answer 42

top athletes has izou state anxiety which their best performance occurs. outside of the zone, performance is poor