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1
Q

Lord’s Chi-squared

A

used to assess differential item functioning (two groups respond differently to item when they both should respond the same)

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2
Q

Differential item functioning

A

two groups respond differently to test item when in fact they should be responding similarly-important for item response theory

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3
Q

item response theory

A

theory about measuring latent traits and manifestations (ie unobservable or difficult to observe traits)

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4
Q

Unit of analysis comparison between classical and item test theory

A

Classical-test is unit of analysis
IRT: item is unit of analysis

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5
Q

Classical and IRT comparison?

A

CTT: comparisons can only be made when tests/measures are parallel
IRT: comparisons can be made when item measures same latent trait

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6
Q

CTT and IRT and representative samples and item properties

A

CTT: depend on representative samples
IRT don’t depend on representative samples

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7
Q

IRT standard error of measurement

A

larger for those with very high or low ability

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8
Q

CTT IRT latent trait continuum

A

CTT: Compares scores of test measure with scores of reference group
IRT: compares distance on items on the ability scale

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9
Q

response categories for IRT and CTT

A

IRT: can have different response categories for different items (yes no, likert, strongly agree, etc)

CTT response category must be consistent.

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10
Q

ITR assumptions

A

4 assumptions
Monotonicity: trait level and probability of correct response increases
unidimensionality assumes there is one response/latent trait measured
local independence: each item stands on its own
Invariance – We are allowed to estimate the item parameters from any position on the item response curve

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11
Q

Using examples of patients in class/supervision

A

standard 4.07 prohibits psychologists from using confidential, information about their clients unless they have taken reasonable steps to remove all personally identifiable information. Simply using a pseudonym is not sufficient, when other details have not been changed.

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12
Q

stereotypes arise from which bias

A

illusory correlation

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13
Q

Herzberg two factor theory of motivation and satisfaction

A

satisfaction and disatisfaction independenct,
two basic needs: lower-level and higher-level needs.

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14
Q

study conducted by Buhrmester and Furman (1990) sibling relationships

A

become more egalitarian less conflictual

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15
Q

midlife crisis-supported by data

A

unsupported by data

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16
Q

tolman rat cognitive maps

A

latent learning

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17
Q

Kohler learning

A

insight

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18
Q

Bandura

A

vicasiroius learning

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19
Q

skinner accidental noncontingent reinforcement

A

leads to superstitious behavior

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20
Q

preparation stage

A

take action next month-realistic plan

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21
Q

beck’s neg cognitive triad

A

oneself, the world, and the future

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22
Q

psychologist sexual relationship clients

A

2 years and only in extremely unusual cases

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23
Q

primacy effect

A

due to short term transferred to long term

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24
Q

androgyny

A

higher flexibility, comfort with sexuality, satisfaction and stress

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25
elkind, adolescent egocentrism
personal fable and imaginary audience
26
Tarasoff decision
psychologist duty to protect intended victim
27
miller dollard
approach approach aproach avoidance and avoidance avoidance one is reward reward, another as one apporaches reward punishment increases (comfort needed from abusive parent) and the last, catch 22, ex: child does something wrong and would like to run away, but if they run they will be punished or if they stay they will be punished
28
hersey Blanchard
4 types, selling (low ab high motiv) , telling (low motiv andabil, delegating (high abil and motiv), participating (high abil, low motiv)
29
conductive deafness cause
ear infection middle ear
30
IQ between sibilings
Zajonc
31
orthagonal factors
unrelated, or uncorrelated
32
comunality of test, .7 and .4
facts and b squared so .49 +.16= 65% of variance explained
33
overjustification hypothesis
intrinsic motivation decreases after external rewards have been applied
34
hypofrontality
decreased blood flow linked to schizophrenia, Adhd and dementia
35
increase power
(increase ability to detect sig difference) increase experimental variance by increasing the magnitude of the independent variable-increase difference btween experimental and control groups
36
electrical stimulation that enhances nerve cell activity for minutes to hours
long term potentiation
37
vocational overshadowing
professional overlooks voacational problem bc of personal problem
38
diagnostic overshadowing
attribution ofpsychiatric symptomms to intellectual disability
39
implosive therapy
repeatedly presenting stimuli associated with an undesirable conditioned response without the unconditioned stimulus will eventually result in extinction of that response
40
festinger social comparison
need for accurate self evals
41
kaufman test
KABC, KAIT, KBIT
42
arbitrary interference, cognitive distortion
43
arbitrary interference, cognitive distortion
specific conclusion without supporting or with contradictory evidence
44
reaction range
degree that environment can determine genetic expression
45
path analysis restriction
all paths must invovle one way causal flow-they cause effects, not toher way around
46
MMPI 2 assesses personality and behavior through
profile analyssis
47
learned helplessness model (abrahmson
versive event, coupled with the tendency to attribute negative events to personal, global, and stable
48
retroactive interference
present to past
49
proactive interference
from past to present
50
expasion (developmental)
feeback on appropirate language use from adults
51
overregularization developmental
affects grammr expansion to other words
52
experiment-wise error rate
idea that as testing increases type I error increases
53
escape and avoidance conditioning
avoidance beep before shock, escape shock tehn relef when using escape behavior
54
escape and avoidance conditioning
avoidance beep before shock, escape shock tehn relef when using escape behavior
55
Ainsworth contribution attachment
differences in attachment are result of interpersonal interactions with caregivers
56
depression difference girls boys, emerges
in adolaescenece
57
acrostic
a sentence or rhyme is formed using words that begin with the first letter of the words to be memorized
58
keyword
image is created from two or mor images from words
59
see piaget creep forward
senseiromotor, preoperational, concrete operation, formational
60
holland realistic
physical mechanical outdoor activities
61
RIASEC-holland
realistic, investigative artistic, social , entreperising, and conventional
62
individual belong to diverse groups
rank attitude and worldview as impomore inmpartant thatn race ethnic similarity
63
accomodation paiget
modification of existing schemas for new knowledge categories
64
PET scan
reveals metabolic and biochemical function of tissues and organs
65
afri amer and depression
more likely to have halluciantions and delusion
66
central nervous system least well developed at birth
cerebral corte
67
discounting principle
decrease the role of a given cause in producing an effect when other plausible causes are present
68
criterion deficiency
degree to which conceptual criterion is not measured by actiual crterion
69
aceytlcholine
involved in REM sleep, sleep wake and learning and memory
70
Mann-Whitney U test
two independent groups and data on the dependent variable are reported in terms of ranks.
71
wilcoxon matched pairs signed rnats
groups are matched and DV for subjects are in ranks
72
clozapine differes form other anitpsychotics in that
it doesn't affects D$ receptors, seratonin and glutamate
73
Marcia and identity 4
FAMD
74
forclosure
status for those who have made a commitment to an identity without having explored the options
75
moratorium
dolescent experiences an identity crisis and actively explores alternative identities
76
diffusion
adolescents have not yet experienced an identity crisis or explored alternatives and are not committed to an identity
77
achievement
experienced a crisis, undergone identity explorations, and made commitments
78
colleague unethical beahvior rumor
Ethics Code requires psychologists to intervene in the event of a colleague's unethical behavior.
79
central limit theorem parts?
3
80
part 1
mean of population of ,eams i eual to mean of parent population of whick populaion samples were drawn
81
part 2
standard deviation of pop me of means eual to stand dev of parent pop dived by suare root of sample size
82
part 3
distribution of menas will increasingly approxiamte a normal distrution as n increases
83
anaclitic depression
negative reaction of some children to separation from caregivers before age 1.
84
Tiedeman O'hara's career development
vocational identity
85
Wilcoxon Signed Rank
mean of two set osets of data, data are ranked
86
psychologists and duration of study attendence ethics
sychologists should not require research participants to stay for the full duration of the study and need to communicate that participants may leave.
87
cultural formation interview overview
clinical-soc cult context of problems
88
outline for cultural formation
identity, cultural concept of diresss psychosocial stressors
89
after action potential
depolarization is created as positively charged ions enter the cell.
90
Trace decay theory
predicts that memory traces fade over time
91
increase reliability coefficient (two items)
Longer test, more heterogenity
92
eigenvalue
total variability explained by orthogonal component
93
principle compoentns analysis
identifies set of variables that explain total variability
94
nonparametric test shortcoming
less likely to detect false null (significant findings)
95
alpha-
probability of type 1 error
96
beta
probability of type 2
97
cross cutting sxs meausres
screening symptoms
98
beck's cognitive theory stress diathesis and depression
dysfunctional schemas
99
interest test scores and future occupation highest predictive value? Which class?
Middle class
100
strongest predictos of maintenance of cognitive functioning?
physical health
101
OCD more common among males?
8-12 as children-diagnosed earlier
102
hawthorne effect (research)
I improve bc attention and in a study
103
Rosenthal Effect?
Self-fulfilling prophecy
104
cluster analysis use?
Classify or categorize individuals
105
conflict between ethical and legal requirements
human rights
106
postcentral gyrus? important part?
somatosensory cortex-proprioception
107
CNS chemo and irradiation
associated with neurocog deficits
108
mediator
independent-mediator---dependet
109
moderator
affects relationship between two variables-age in young and old folks and hypertension,
110
suppressor vairable
concelas relationship between two variables
111
Columbia Mental Maturity Scale-Third Edition (CMMS use?
cerebral palsy non verbal no fine motor skills needed
112
emergency psychological aide? ethics
psychologists provide services ...for which psychologists have not obtained the necessary training, psychologists may provide such services in order to ensure that services are not denied
113
attenuation formula
estimates test's validity coefficient-when meaussrement error has been removed
114
social judgment theory
relates to attitude change
115
MMPI-2 not affected by Afr aM
race
116
Factorial ANOVAs
main and interaction effects
117
Socioemotional selectivity theory
when the future is limited, connect emotionally
118
olution-focused therapy
focuses on exceptions and solutions
119
stuttering not helped by
exposure
120
overlearning
Good long-term recall and resistance to extinction
121
Ethological theories
all animal species are born with a number of 'biologically programmed
122
rank of scores
T = 40; z = 0; PR = 82; WAIS-IV IQ = 126T-score of 40 is one standard deviation below the mean, a z-score of 0 is equal to the mean, a percentile rank (PR) of 82 is slightly below one standard deviation above the mean, and a WAIS-IV score of 126
123
right hippocampus
spatial memory
124
multiple regression, compensatory or not?
compensatory
125
meta-analysis, effect size?
does use effect size
126
cognitive rec head trauma
re mote first- personal info, place, time
127
autism, no differential?
social anxiety
128
huntington's disease lacks
aphasia, apraxia and agnosia
129
infant stranger anxiety
8-10 months
130
Lorenz, critical period
period after birth where infant bonds to mom
131
personal problems and psych activities? ethics
refrain or find someone else
132
Thomas and Chess's goodness-of-fit model
parents' caregiving behaviors match their child's temperament
133
Tower of london is similar to another tower
Hanoi

previous test questions EPPP (2 decks)

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