New Words 3 Flashcards
(47 cards)
Evanescence
Evanescence is a noun that means something that fades away or disappears gradually. For example, you might describe a shooting star’s appearance as evanescent because it’s only visible for a moment.
Potash
Potash is a group of minerals and salts that contain potassium, a key nutrient for plants. It’s mainly used as a fertilizer, but also has industrial applications, like soap, water softeners and de-icers. Mined in NM and Canada
Thucydides Trap
The term describes the theory that when a great power’s position as hegemon is threatened by an emerging power, there is a significant likelihood of war between the two powers.[1
Who was Thucydides?
an Athenian historian and general. His History of the Peloponnesian War recounts the fifth-century BC war between Sparta and Athens.
What is the significance of The History of the Peloponesian War?
Thucydides has been dubbed the father of “scientific history” by those who accept his claims to have applied strict standards of impartiality and evidence-gathering and analysis of cause and effect, without reference to intervention by the gods, as outlined in his introduction to his work
What is political realism?
Political realism is a theory that views politics as a struggle for power and survival. It’s a key theory in international relations that helps explain how states behave
Hegemon
hegemon is a powerful leader, country, or group that controls others. The term can also refer to someone who has a dominating influence over others
What are the key assumptions of political realism?
3
Self-interest: People are inherently self-interested and egoistic.
Power: Power is the main goal of politics, both domestically and internationally.
Anarchy: The global system is anarchic, without a centralized authority.
Political realism in practice
4
Realists believe that politicians should try to maximize their power.
Realists believe that nation states should try to maximize their power.
Realists believe that the absence of international government contributes to conflict.
Realists believe that military power is strong against other countries
Roots of Realism
Thucydides’ emphasis on the importance of power
Machiavelli’s critique of the moral tradition
Hobbes’s idea of an anarchic state of nature
E. H. Carr’s challenge to utopian idealism
Hans Morgenthau’s realist principles
Kenneth Waltz’s international system
Alternatives to Realism
5
other prominent theories in international relations include -liberalism, -constructivism, -Marxism,
-feminism, and -critical theories
—
-liberalism often seen as the most prominent alternative to realism,
Instantiate
represent or be an example of something: He seems to instantiate a new type of masculinity.
How much does the United States spend on defense?
The United States spent $820.3 billion on defense in fiscal year 2023, which was 13% of the federal budget. This was a 2% increase from 2022.
Patois
the dialect of the common people of a region, differing in various respects from the standard language of the rest of the country.
“the nurse talked to me in a patois that even Italians would have had difficulty in understanding”
Difference between lie and lay
Lie is an intransitive verb. No direct object
Lay is a transitive verb. Needs a DO
You should use “lie down” when you are referring to the act of reclining yourself horizontally. “Lay down” is used when you are referring to placing an object in a horizontal position
Past tense of lie and lay
The past tense of “lie” is “lay”, but there are also other options.
The past tense of “lay” is “laid”.
Al-Andalus
Al-Andalus was the Muslim-ruled area of the Iberian Peninsula. The name refers to the different Muslim states that controlled these territories at various times between 711 and 1492
Reconquista
a series of military and cultural campaigns that European Christian kingdoms waged against the Muslim kingdoms following the Muslim conquest of the Iberian Peninsula.
801-1492
When and what were the Crusades?
The Crusades were a series of military campaigns that took place in the 11th, 12th, and 13th centuries. They were organized by European Christians to reclaim the Holy Land from Muslim control.
What is the name of the North Star and how do you identify it?
Polaris
Locate the Big Dipper
Find the two stars at the end of the Big Dipper, away from the handle
Imagine a line that extends about five times beyond them
The North Star is located at the end of this
What were the four reasons for the Crusades?
-Stop Muslim expansion: To prevent the spread of Islam and the expansion of Muslim states
-Reclaim the Holy Land: To regain control of the Holy Land for Christianity
-Recapture Christian territories: To retake territories that had previously been Christian
-Respond to reports of mistreatment: In response to reports of mistreatment of Christian pilgrims in Jerusalem
What were the three consequences of the Crusades?
-death, destruction, and wasted resources. 1.7 million died
-They also contributed to the collapse of the Byzantine Empire
-They increased intolerance and animosity between religions and peoples in the East and West
Why did the Christians lose the Crusades?
3
-
1-distance
2-declining papal authority
3-the rise of royal power.
The Holy Roman Empire?
800-1806
Resurrected by Charlemagne
Dissolved during Napoleonic Wars.
