New words - Summary

Question 1

PHLOEM

Answer 1

Tubes within the plant stems and leaves that are used to transport dissolved food material around the plant.
The PHLOEM carries what we refer to as plant sap.

Question 2

HOMOPETRA

Answer 2

An aphid, scale insects and coccids plus more which have all adapted their way of life and mouth parts into a system of piercing needles and tubes for transporting liquids.

Question 3

HYGROSCOPIC

Answer 3

Obsorbs moisture from the air.

Question 4

ENTOMOPHILIOUS

Answer 4

Pollen grains are transferred by insects or other agents such as water or birds in the pollination process.
Common characteristics are :
Bright colours, Produce nectar and/or scent, Pollen grains large and sticky.

Question 5

What is a DIOECIOUS plant and name one

Answer 5

These plants produce a male plant and a female plant and not usually a single plant with both male and female parts
eg. Willow, Red Campion, Primrose, Holly, Cucumber & Willow

Question 6

ANEMOPHILOUS

Answer 6

Pollen grains are transferred by WIND to enable pollination to take place. Common characteristics:
Inconspicuous petals and sepals, No smell or nectar,• Anthers & stages hang outside the flowers,• Stigmas feathery and sticky to catch pollen, Pollen grains small, light & smooth in enormous numbers.

Question 7

PROTOGYNY and PROTANDRY

Answer 7

Protogyny - Stigma develops
before the stamens.

Protandry -Stamens ripen
before stigma. This is more
common as in Rosebay
Willowherb (Chamerion
augustifolium)

Question 8

MONOECIOUS

Answer 8

Male & female flowers on same plant e.g. Hazel

Question 9

HETEROSTYLE

Answer 9

stigma and stamens situated at different levels in flower to prevent self pollination

Question 10

STAMINATE

Answer 10

staminate (flower having only male parts)

Question 11

PISTILLATE

Answer 11

Pistillate (flower having only female parts

Question 12

Glucose Oxidase

Answer 12

The glucose oxidase enzyme also known as notatin is an oxido-reductase that catalyses the oxidation of glucose to hydrogen peroxide and D-glucono-δ-lactone. This enzyme is produced by certain species of fungi and insects and displays antibacterial activity when oxygen and glucose are present

Where is glucose oxidase found?
For instance, glucose oxidase is found on the surface of fungi, where it helps protect against bacterial infection, and it is also found in honey, where it acts as a natural preservative.

Question 13

Melissapalynology

Answer 13

This is the study of honey and more specifically the pollen content and its source in the honey.

Question 14

What is meant by thixotropic honey?

Answer 14

Becomes temporarily liquid when shaken

or stirred then returns to gel.

Question 15

Hydroxymethylfurfuraldehyde (HMF)

Hydroxy methyl furfur alderhyde

Answer 15

Hydroxymethylfurfuraldehyde is the breakdown product of fructose and its content should not be more than 40mg/1kg. Trace amounts of HMF can be found in honey but prolonged storage or overheating will cause this figure to rise, sometimes to beyond acceptable amounts. Measured by the Fiehe test or winklers direct colourmetric test.

Question 16

What is Melomel

Answer 16

Melomel is a kind of mead that involves fermented fruit in addition to fermented honey and it may be further flavored with spices.

Question 17

What would beekeeper use a Refractometer for

Answer 17

To measure the water content in honey

Question 18

What is Metheglin

Answer 18

Mead spiced with herbs/spices such as coriander,

Question 19

What is thixotropy

Answer 19

The property of becoming less viscous when subjected to an applied stress, shown for example by some gels which become temporarily fluid when shaken or stirred. For example Ling heather honey.