New Zealand Flashcards
(253 cards)
1
Q
Who originally identified many of New Zealand’s modern wine regions (with the exception of Marlbourough) and educated growers on the merits of grafting vines onto disease-resistant American rootstock?
A
Romeo Bragato- an Austrain viticulturist from Victoria
2
Q
Who is Romeo Bragato?
A
An Austrain viticulturist from Victoria who originally identified many of New Zealand’s modern wine regions (with the exception of Marlbourough) and educated growers on the merits of grafting vines onto disease-resistant American rootstock
3
Q
What was “6 o’clock swill”?
A
An early closing hour for pubs instituted in both New Zealand and Australia during WWI (lasted until 1967 in New Zealand)
4
Q
What was the most planted varietal in New Zealand in the 1960s?
A
Albany Surprise
5
Q
When did wine shops of New Zealand legally begin selling wine?
A
1955
6
Q
When did restaurants of New Zealand first gain the right to sell wine?
A
1960
7
Q
When could a winery in New Zealand first gain the right to sell a glass of wine?
A
1976
8
Q
When did the last ‘dry’ areas of New Zealand persist until?
A
1990s
9
Q
When did New Zealand’s government sponsor a vine-pull scheme?
A
1986
10
Q
What is Montana known for in New Zealand?
A
Being the country’s largest winery, establishing Marlborough’s first commercial vineyard in 1973, releasing the country’s first varietal wine (Gisborne Chard) and producing one of the first Sauv Blancs from Marlborough in 1979
11
Q
What winery put Marlborough on the map? When did this winery launch?
A
Cloudy Bay; 1985
12
Q
What is the worlds easternmost and southernmost winemaking country?
A
New Zealand
13
Q
What mountain range runs through the South Island of New Zealand?
A
The Southern Alps
14
Q
Which island of New Zealand is larger?
A
South Island
15
Q
What is the southernmost wine region in the world?
A
Central Otago
16
Q
What are the climatic differences between the North Island and the South Island?
A
The South Island sees a rain shadow effect from the Southern Alps whereas the North Island is less mountainous and generally much rainier
17
Q
What is the New Zealand Winegrowers?
A
An organization formed in 2002 in which all of the producers from New Zealand are members. It was a joint initiative of the Grape Growers Council and the New Zealand Wine Institute
18
Q
Who pioneered the Screwcap Initiative? When?
A
A group of New Zealand producers in 2001
19
Q
Who was the first winery to release a New Zealand wine bottled with a screwcap?
A
Kim Crawford
20
Q
What is the minimum for vintage or varietal if listed on a New Zealand label?
A
85% (Declaration of vintage and varietal is optional)
21
Q
What is the minimum for region if stated on the label of a New Zealand wine?
A
It will eventually be 85%, but as of now the wine regions are unofficial
22
Q
What is the northernmost (and smallest) area of production in New Zealand?
A
Northland
23
Q
What is Waikato also known as?
A
Bay of Plenty
24
Q
What are the most plated grapes of Auckland?
A
Chardonnay, Merlot and Cabernet Sauvignon
25
What are the major wine regions of the North Island of New Zealand?
Northland, Auckland, Waikato/Bay of Plenty, Gisborne, Hawkes Bay and Wairarapa
26
What are the major wine regions of the South Island of New Zealand?
Nelson, Marlborough, Canterbury and Central Otago
27
Who now owns Montana?
It is under the Pernod Ricard NZ umbrella
28
What is the climate of Northland, Waikato and Auckland?
All three experience a moderate, rainy maritime climate. Rot and frost are the chief viticultural hazzards
29
What is the climate of Waiheke Island?
Sunny, dry climate, especially on the lower west side
30
Where is the bulk of North Island production concentrated?
Gisborne, Hawkes bay and Wairarapa
31
What is the second largest region of New Zealand?
Hawkes Bay
32
Which region on the North Island has the driest climate?
Hawkes Bay
33
What are the most planted grapes in Hawkes Bay?
Merlot, Cab Sauv, Pinot Noir, Cab Franc, Sauv Bland and Pinot Gris
34
What is Gimblett Gravels developing a reputation for?
Syrah and Bordeaux-style blends
35
What are the soils of Gimblett Gravels?
Deep shingle soils
36
What is Ngatarawa known for?
Merlot
37
What is Gisborne also known as?
Poverty Bay
38
What are the most poplar grapes of Gisborne?
Chard and Gewurz
39
What is the southernmost region on the North Island?
Wairarapa (Martinborough)
40
What is the region of Wairarapa officially named?
Wellington
41
What are the most successful grapes of Wairarapa?
Pinot Noir and Sauv Blanc
42
What is the northernmost region on the South Island?
Nelson
43
What is New Zealand's sunniest wine producing region?
Nelson
44
What is the rainiest wine producing region on the South Island?
Nelson
45
What is the smallest wine producing region on the South Island?
Nelson
46
What are the most planted grapes of Nelson?
Chard, Sauv Blanc, Riesling and Pinot Noir
47
What is the most planted grape of Marlborough? What other grapes are planted?
Sauv Blanc; Pinot Noir, Chard, Pinot Gris and Riesling
48
What has Marlborough gained a reputation for outside of Sauvignon Blanc?
Traditional method sparkling wines
49
What is the general climate of Marlborough?
Cool nights with a dry, lengthy growing season
50
What is Waipara Valley known to produce?
Pinot Noir, Chardonnay, Riesling and Sauv Blanc
51
What is the world's most southernly region?
Central Otago
52
What is the only region in New Zealand to experience a true continental climate?
Central Otago
53
What wine region of New Zealand has the highest altitudes?
Central Otago
54
What is the most planted grape of Central Otago?
Pinot Noir
55
Who are the top producers of Central Otago?
Felton Road, Mt. Difficulty and Rippon
56
Where is Auckland?
North Island, NZ
57
What are the major grapes of Auckland?
Chard, Merlot, Syrah and Pinot Gris
58
What are the major natural features of Auckland?
Pacific Ocean and Waitakere Ranges
59
What are the wineries owned by Constellation NZ?
Nobilo, Monkey Bay and Kim Crawford
60
Where is Canterbury?
South Island, NZ
61
What are the sub regions of Canterbury?
Canterbury Plains and Waipara
62
Where is Canterbury Plains?
Canterbury, South Island, NZ
63
Where is Waipara?
Canterbury, South Island, NZ
64
What are the major grapes of Canterbury?
Sauv Blanc, Pinot Noir, Riesling, Pinot Gris and Chard
65
Where is Central Otago?
South Island, NZ
66
What are the sub regions of Central Otago?
Alexandra, Crowmwell Basin, Wanaka, Gibbston, Bannockburn and Bendigo
67
Where is Alexandra?
Central Otago, South Island, NZ
68
Where is Crowmwell Basin?
Central Otago, South Island, NZ
69
Where is Wanaka?
Central Otago, South Island, NZ
70
Where is Gibbston?
Central Otago, South Island, NZ
71
Where is Bannockburn?
Central Otago, South Island, NZ
72
Where is Bendigo?
Central Otago, South Island, NZ
73
What are the major grapes of Central Otago?
Pinot Noir, Pinot Gris, Riesling and Chard
74
Where is Gisborne?
North Island, NZ
75
What are the major grapes of Gisborne?
Chard, Pinot Gris, Gewurz, and Merlot
76
Where is Hawke's Bay?
North Island, NZ
77
What are the major grapes of Hawke's Bay?
Merlot, Cab Sauv, Cab Franc, Sauv Blanc, Chard, Pinot Gris, Pinot Noir, Syrah
78
Where is Marlborough?
South Island, NZ
79
What are the major grapes of Marlborough?
Sauv Blanc, Pinot Noir, Chard, Pinot Gris, Riesling
80
Who are the major producers from Marlborough?
Allan Scott, Coudy bay, Fromm, Hunter's, Saint Clair, Spy Valley
81
Where is Nelson?
South Island, NZ
82
What are the major grapes of Nelson?
Sauv Blanc, Pinot Noir, Pinot Gris and Chard
83
Where is Northland?
North Island, NZ
84
What are the sub regions of Northland?
Kerikeri
Kairaia
Whangarei
85
Where is Kerikeri?
Northland, North Island, NZ
86
Where is Kaitaia
Northland, North Island, NZ
87
Where is Whangarei?
Northland, North Island, NZ
88
What are the major grapes of Northland?
Chard, Pinot Gris, Syrah, Merlot, Cab Sauv, and Pinotage
89
Where is Waikato/Bay of Plenty?
North Island, NZ
90
What are the major grapes of Waikato/Bay of Plenty?
Chard, Sauv Blanc, Cab Sauv
91
Where is Wairarapa?
North Island, NZ
92
What are the major grapes of Wairarapa?
Pinot Noir, Sauv Blanc, and Pinot Gris
93
Where is Martinborough?
Wairarapa, North Island, NZ
94
What is the southernmost region on the North Island? What is the well-known sub-region?
Wairarapa-- Martinborough
95
What latitude is Central Otago at?
45th parallel
96
Who made Traditional Method Sparkling Wines reputable from Marlborough??
The same producers who made NZ SB a household name: Cloudy Bay, Kim Crawford, & Hunter's
97
What portion of NZ's wine is produced in Marlborough? Montana controls what portion of the vineyards there?
- Over half
| - Nearly 2/3, through subsidiaries
98
What is required to use 'Gimblett Gravels' or 'Gimblett Gravels Winegrowing District' on a label?
It is a trademark of the Gimblett Gravels Winegrowers Association
The producer must:
-Be a member of the association
-Harvest grapes from a vineyard with 95% of the appellation's defined soil characteristics
- **Source 95% of the grapes from within the appellation**
Any producer using the 'Gimblett Gravels' logo is subject to audit
99
What region is the largest producer of red wine in NZ?
Hawke's Bay
100
What are the notable unofficial subregions of Hawke's Bay? What are they known for?
- Gimblett Gravels- Syrah & Bdx blends
- Ngatarawa- Merlot
- Esk Valley
- Dartoor Valley
101
What was NZ's first varietal wine?
Gisborne Chardonnay by Montana
102
What island had vines planted first?
North Island in 1819
103
Montana formed an alliance with which champagne house in 1988?
Deutz
104
When was Cloudy Bay established? By whom?
1985- David Hohnen of Cape Mentelle
105
What are the three subregions of Marlborough?
- Warau Valley (North)
- Southern Valley (Central)
- Awatare Valley (South)
106
What is the most exported brand in NZ?
Montana's Lindauer brand sparkling wines
107
Who s James Busby?
- A British Minister
- Involved in early viticultural efforts in NZ
- Planted a small vineyard of Franch and Spanish cuttings on his estate in Northland
- He wrote 3 documents on viticulture before penning NZ's seminal political docs
108
What is the fastest growing region in NZ? Why?
Cantebury- the success of the Waipara Valley subregion
109
What are the best known subregions of Central Otago?
- Wanaka
- Gibbston
- Alexandra
- Crownwell Basin
110
Climate of NZ's North Island?
Comparable to Bordeaux, Maritime
111
Min % of region, varietal, and vintage listed on the label?
Regions are not legally defined
Varietal & Vintage - 85%
112
Name 3 Traditional Method producers from NZ?
Cloudy Bay "Pelorus"
Mumm Marlborough "Brut NV, Brut Rose 2015"
Deutz "Marlborough Cuvee"
113
List the unofficial subzones of Marlborough N-S:
Wairu Valley
Southern Valley
Awatere
114
Name 3 types of Marlborough soil:
Alluvial
Stony grave-based soil
Sandy-loam
Clay
115
Name 3 producers of repute from Central Otago:
Mt Difficulty
Rippon
Perigrine
Burn Cottage
Felton Road (Pioneer)
116
Name 3 subzones of Central Otago?
Cromwell Basin
Alexandra
Bannockburn (only GI, 2022)
Gibbston
Wanaka
117
Only continental climate in NZ?
Central Otago, continental
- everywhere else is marime
118
What is the name of the mountain range that creates a rainshadow effect for NZ?
Southern Alps
south island of NZ
119
Confusing W's: Waikato
Waikato - Bay of Plenty
120
Confusing W's: Waitaki Valley
North Otago GI
121
Confusing W's: Wairarapa
Martinborough is a sub-GI of Wairarapa
122
Confusing W's: Wanaka
unofficial subzone of Central Otago
123
Confusing W's: Wairu Valley
Unofficial subzone of Marlborough
124
Confusing W's: Waipara Valley
sub GI of Canterbury
125
Confusing W's: Waiheke Island
subregion of Auckland
126
This region's geology resulted from a 1867 earthquake that changed the course of the Ngaruroro River:
Gimblett Gravels
127
What is the name of the gravel (compacted sand) of Gimblett Gravels?
Greywacke
128
What grape crossing dominated 1/3 of NZ's plantings in the 90's?
Muller-Thurgau
129
Prior to founding Cloudy Bay, what winery did David Hohnen found in Australia?
Cape Mentelle, Margaret River
130
What Waiheke Island producer makes the country's single most expensive bottling?
Destiny Bay "Magna Praemia"
131
What body of water separate the North and South island?
Cook Strait
132
Another name for Pernod Ricard in NZ?
Brancott or Montana
133
Latitudes for NZ winegrowing N and S?
35-45 degrees
134
Translation for the Maori word "Wai"?
Water
135
What GI grows almost half of the country's PN?
Marlborough
136
Name an example of an oaked NZ SB?
Cloudy Bay "Te Koko"
Grewaycke "Wild Sauvignon Blanc"
Te Pa "Oke"
137
Wairarapa's alluvial terraces were formed by which river?
Ruamahanga River
138
Bendigo and Cromwell Basin are sub-regions of which GI?
Central Otago
139
Where are the Glasnevin Gravels?
Waipara Valley
- poor free-draining river gravels
140
Which Ameriacan wine-maker is involved in Burn Cottage wines?
Ted Lemon (Littorai)
141
Where is Masterson located?
Wairarapa
142
Where in NZ can you find Gewurtztraminer?
Gisbourne/Patutaki
143
Where is the rainiest region on the South Island?
Nelson
144
What is Kawaru Gorge?
Major river in Central Otago
145
Who are the top four producers of sparkling wine in Marlborough?
Cloudy Bay
Kim Crawford
Hunters
Lindauer
146
What's notable about NZ/'s price per bottle?
average price is higher than anywhere else in the world
147
Which sub-region of Hawke's Bay is known for Merlot?
Ngatarawa
148
Oldest winery in NZ?
Mission Estate, Hawke's Bay 1851
149
Where did the Gumboat Clone orginate from?
A specific strain of PN from a single DRC cutting, smuggled into NZ in 1970's
150
How many GI's are there in NZ?
22
151
Three most general GI's of NZ?
New Zealand GI
North Island GI
South Island GI
152
GI's of the North Island?
Northland GI
Auckland GI (includes Matabana, Kumeu, Waiheke Island)
Gisbourne GI
Hawke's Bay (inludes Central Hawke's Bay)
Wairarapa GI (includes Gladstone, Martinborough)
153
GI's of the South Island (9)
South Island GI
Nelson GI
Marlborough GI
Canterbury GI (+ N Caterbury, Waipara Valley, Waipara)
Waitaki North Otago/Waitaki Valley GI
Central Otago (+ Bannockburn)
154
How many hectares of vines are planted in NZ?
over 37,000
155
First varietal wine out of NZ?
Gisbourne Chardonnay 1979
156
What year did Cloudy Bay launch?
1985
157
Most-planted varietal in NZ in the 1960's?
Albany Surprise
158
What year was the govt scheme to replace table grapes?
1986
159
Main mountain range of the North Island (in Auckland)?
Waitakere
160
Martinborough GI is located in what broader GI?
Wairarapa (North Island)
161
Major producers of Martinborough?
Alta Rangi
Devotus
Tirohana Estate
Poppies
Dry River
Palliser
Luna
Martinborough Vineyard
162
Main grape of Hawke's Bay?
Merlot
163
Major geographical feature of Nelson?
Tasman Mountains
164
South Island's capital?
Canterbury
165
First wine production in NZ accredited to:
James Busby, Northland 1830's
166
Main soil type/grapes of Waitaki North Otago GI (South Island)
Waitakian Limestone
PN, Pinot Gris, SB
167
Main grape of Nelson (South Island)
SB
168
Main grape of Waikato/Bay of Plenty (North Island, NOT a GI)
Cabernet Sauvignon
main white is Chard and SB
169
Where is Kumeu River?
Auckland, Chardonnay
170
What previous subregion of Gisbourne (North Island) is gaining note for SB and Pinot Gris?
Okao GI, North Island
171
Gimblett Gravels?
2000 acres of deep, gravelly, warm shingle, saw a land grab in the 90's
172
Main grape of Auckland?
Chardonnay
173
Main grape of Canterbury (South Island)?
Sauv Blanc
174
Main grape of Wairarapa (North Island)?
Pinot Noir
175
What important winery is associated w/ the Ngatarawa Triangle?
Bridge Pa (Hawke's Bay)
176
Sub-regions of Central Otago?
**Bannockburn GI**
- Cromwell Basin, Gibbston, Wanaka, Bendigo, Alexandra Basin
177
Major natural features of **Hawke's Bay**?
**Heretaunga Plains
Hawkes Bay
Ngaruoro River
Tutituki River**
178
Major producer's of Hawke's Bay?
Bridge Pa
Craggy Range
Esk Valley Estate
Ngatarawa
Sacred Hill
Sileni
Te Mata
Trinity Hill
179
Climate of Auckland?
Maritime (rainy)
180
Gisbourne GI is known as:
Poverty Bay
181
Most-planted grape of Gisbourne?
Chardonnay
182
Sub-regions of Marlborough?
Wairau Valley
Central Southern Valleys
Awatere Valley (most southern)
183
Climate of Central Otago?
Continental
184
Ideal aspect/exposure plating for Central Otago?
Northern
185
Subsidiary wineries of Montana?
Brancott
Fairhall
186
Most exported wines of NZ?
Montana's Lindauer brand
187
What Champagne house did Montana partner with in 1988?
Deutz
188
Major geographical features of Central Otago?
Southern Alps
Lake Wanaka
Waitaki River
189
First vines in NZ (not commercial)?
1819 Northland, formerly Kerikeri
190
Capital city of ALL of NZ located in Wairarapa (NI)?
Wellington (also name of entire Wairarapa region sometimes)
191
Sunniest and rainiest region of the South Island?
Nelson
192
What former sub-region of Canterbury (South Island) has the most vineyards?
Waipara Valley GI
193
Sauvignon Blanc accounts for ____% of total vineyard area in NZ?
60%
194
What NZ producer was purchased by Pernod Ricard?
Brancott Estate, 2005
195
Missionary who first brought plantings to NZ?
Samuel Marsden
196
Four soil groups of Marlborough?
Central Wairau silt loams
Inland Wairau loams
Southern Valley's clays
Awatere Matrix (complex)
197
Coastal Wairau Silt Loam sub-regions:
Lower Wairau
Dillons Point
198
Inland Wairau Loams sub-regions:
Upper Wairau
Rarangi
199
Southern Valley's Clay's Sub-regions:
Waikopai
Omaka
Brancott
Ben Morven
Taylor Pass
200
What mountain range divides Marlborough and Nelson?
Richmond Range
201
Major geographical features of **Marlborough**?
**Richmond Range**
Wither Hill Range
Kaikoma Ranges
Wairau River
Awatere River
202
Major producers of Marlborough GI?
Cloudy Bay
Fromm
Hunters
Saint Clair
Spy Valley
Allan Scott
203
Marlborough hectares under vine:
26,000 ha
204
Second most-planted grape in Marlborough?
Pinot Noir
205
What year was the screw-cap initiative created?
2001
206
What year was the GI registration act passed?
2006
Updated in 2017
207
Sub-regions of Waikato/Bay of Plenty (NOT a GI):
Te Kauwhata
Te Awamutu
Coromandel Peninsula
Lake Taupo
Hamiliton
Rotorua
208
Major producers of Waikato/Bay of Plenty:
Morton Estate
Villagrad
209
Maori people are concentrated on which island?
North
210
Who planted the first NZ SB?
Ross Speace, Auckland 1974
211
What is 3MH?
3-mercaptohexanol
- passionfruit/gooseberry
- sweaty/herbaciousness
- distinction to NZ's style
212
What is IBMP?
Isobutyl methoxypyrazine
- green-tasting notes in SB
213
What were the first clones of PN?
Swiss Clone
10/5 ten bar five
214
Who famously claims to have "gumboot clones" of PN from DRC?
Ata Rangi, Martinborough
215
What French producer is helping to make "Prophet's Rock" in Central Otago?
Francois Millet/Domaine Comte Georges de Vogue
- PN
216
Original Syrah clone of Hawke's Bay?
MS clone or "Limmer"
217
Cabernet producers of Hawke's Bay?
Villa Maria's "Ngakirikiri"
Destiny Bay's "Magna Praemia"
Stonyridge's "Larose"
218
What is the gulf surround Waikeke Island?
Hauraki Gulf
219
Producers of Waikeke Island?
Man o War
220
Gisbourne Producers:
Matawhero
Millton (biodynamic)
Vinoptima (premium gewurtz)
221
Oldest wine estate in NZ?
Mission Estate, Hawke's Bay
founded in 1851 by Marist priests
222
Main village of Hawke's Bay?
Te Awanga
223
Where are most of Hawke's Bay's vineyards planted?
Heretaunga Plains, west of the city of Hastings
224
When was Gimblett Gravel's first planted?
1981
225
Maori name for Marlborough:
Kei puta te Wairau
"the place with the hole in the cloud"
226
Climate difference between Wairau and Atawere Valleys in Marlborough?
Awatere is cooler/windier
Wairau has less exposure to coastal winds
227
"Methode Marlborough"
Group created to promote quality sparkling in 2013
- must use main 3 grapes
- must spend **18 months on the lees**
228
What are the two wine-producing regions of Nelson?
Waimea Plains
Moutere Hills
229
Latitude of Central Otago?
45
230
Moderating lake of Central Otago?
Lake Dunston
- influences Bannockburn GI, Bendigo, Cromwell, Lowburn
231
New Zealand's smallest GI?
Waitaki Valley North Otago (60 ha)
232
Coolest sub-region of Central Otago?
Gibbston
- closest to urban center of Queenstown
233
Main river of Central Otago?
Clutha
234
First NZ SB under screwcap?
Kim Crawford
235
Who owns Kim Crawford?
Constellation brands
236
"Gimblett Gravels" on the label requires:
95% form vineyard with appellations, defined soil characteristics
237
Gimblett Gravel's signature soil was revealed when ___
the Ngaruroro River changed course in 1867
238
Pegasus Bay is adjacent to:
Waipara Valley GI in North Canterbury
239
Producers of Canterbury:
Pegasus Bay
Pyramid Valley
Mud House
Giesen
240
Major producers of Auckland:
**Kim Crawford**
Nobilo
Monby Bay
**Kumeu River**
Matua Valley
Babich
Pleasant Valley
Cable Bay
Stonyridge
Villa Maria
241
Top sparkling wine of Cloudy Bay?
"Pelorus"
242
Sub-regions of Wairarapa:
Martinborough GI
Masterson
Gladstone GI
243
Sub-regions of Gisbourne GI:
Golden Slope
Ormond
Ormond Valley
Manutuke
Central Valley
Riverpoint
Patutaki
Patutaki Plateau
Waipra
244
What sub-region of Auckland has the driest climate?
Waikeke Island GI
245
Chief viticultural hazard in Matakana GI (Auckland)
Mildew and Rot
246
New Zealand's largest city?
Auckland
247
Auckland's production accounts for ___% of NZ total
1%
248
Where is Dartmoor Valley?
Hawke's Bay GI
249
The first vines in the world to see the sun every day?
Gisbourne GI
250
Basic soil-type in Marlborough:
Sandy alluvial loam topsoil
over gravel
excellent drainage, limits vigot
251
Winemaking on this peninsula dates back to the 1840's:
Banks Peninsula
historic sub-region, not official
252
New Zealand's fastest growing wine-region?
Canterbury
- success of Northern subregion Waipara Valley (now a GI)
253
What geographical feature separates Nelson and Marlborough?
The Kaikoura Ranges
