New Zealand Flashcards
(107 cards)
1
Q
What year were the first grapevines established in Northland?
A
1819
2
Q
How many hectares were planted to grapevines in Northland in 2020?
A
73 hectares
3
Q
What is the common soil type found in the northern vineyards of Northland?
A
Clay, clay loam, silt, and sand
4
Q
What is Northland’s most planted grape variety?
A
Chardonnay
5
Q
True or False: Frost is common in Northland vineyards.
A
False
6
Q
What island is known for its small hillside vineyards overlooking the Hauraki Gulf?
A
Waiheke Island
7
Q
How many wine producers are there on Waiheke Island?
A
Around 25
8
Q
What grape variety accounts for approximately 50% of Gisborne’s vineyard area?
A
Chardonnay
9
Q
What type of climate does Gisborne have?
A
Temperate maritime climate
10
Q
What was Gisborne known for in the 1970s and 1980s?
A
Largest wine producer in New Zealand; ‘carafe country’
11
Q
What is the oldest winery in New Zealand?
A
Mission Estate
12
Q
What year was Mission Estate founded?
A
1851
13
Q
What significant event in the 1980s affected Hawke’s Bay vineyards?
A
Government-sponsored vine pull removing 500 hectares of inferior vineyards
14
Q
What is the most planted grape variety in Hawke’s Bay?
A
Chardonnay
15
Q
What type of soils are most of Hawke’s Bay’s vineyards planted on?
A
Gravel-based alluvial soils
16
Q
What is the notable viticultural area of Hawke’s Bay known for Bordeaux blends?
A
Gimblett Gravels
17
Q
What challenges do inland vineyards in Hawke’s Bay face?
A
Frost and autumn rain
18
Q
What grape variety is most affected by harvest rain in Hawke’s Bay?
A
Merlot
19
Q
Fill in the blank: The primary grape variety in Hawke’s Bay is _______.
A
Chardonnay
20
Q
What is the most planted Bordeaux variety?
A
Merlot
Merlot was traditionally favored for its earlier ripening cycle.
21
Q
Which Bordeaux variety has shown more resilience to harvest rain?
A
Cabernet Sauvignon
Cabernet Sauvignon has a thicker skin, making it more resilient.
22
Q
What are the typical characteristics of Hawke’s Bay Syrah?
A
Ripe blackberry fruit, violets, smoked bacon, black pepper, and sometimes green peppercorn
23
Q
What is the primary white variety planted in Hawke’s Bay?
A
Sauvignon Blanc
Sauvignon Blanc is the most planted white variety despite not being well-suited to the region.
24
Q
What style does Hawke’s Bay Chardonnay typically exhibit?
A
Medium to full bodied with more flesh and tropical fruit than Marlborough examples
25
What percentage of New Zealand's vineyard area does Wairarapa represent?
3%
26
Who concluded that Wairarapa was well-suited for grapevines in 1895?
Romeo Bragato
27
Which subregion of Wairarapa is known for its Pinot Noir?
Martinborough
28
What type of climate does Wairarapa have?
Cool, windy climate
29
What major soil types are found in Wairarapa?
Alluvial terraces with silty loams over free-draining gravels
30
What percentage of Wairarapa's plantings are devoted to Pinot Noir?
Around 50%
31
What is a significant characteristic of Wairarapa's Sauvignon Blanc?
More restrained compared to Marlborough
32
What is unique about the climate in Marlborough compared to other regions?
Very sunny with 2,475 hours of sunshine annually
33
What grape variety was first planted in Marlborough in 1975?
Sauvignon Blanc
34
What percentage of Marlborough's vineyard area is dedicated to Sauvignon Blanc?
80%
35
Which valley in Marlborough is cooler and windier?
Awatere Valley
36
What type of soil primarily characterizes Marlborough?
Alluvial soil
37
What is the average growing season temperature in Marlborough?
15.2 degrees Celsius (59.4 degrees Fahrenheit)
38
What percentage of Marlborough's vineyard area is dedicated to Pinot Noir?
10%
39
Which wine style is Marlborough known for?
Bright, fruit-forward wines
40
What type of fermentation is common for Marlborough's Sauvignon Blanc?
Stainless steel fermentation
41
What is the significance of the Southern Valleys region in Marlborough?
Valued for its affinity with Pinot Noir
42
What is the role of Neudorf in the Nelson wine region?
Most important fine wine brand
43
What climate does Nelson have?
Sunny, maritime climate
44
What was the first winery established in Nelson?
Established in 1868
45
What grape variety has overtaken Chardonnay in Wairarapa plantings?
Pinot Gris
46
What is the typical expression of Wairarapa Riesling?
Concentration, piercing acidity, and longevity
47
Who started planting grapevines in Nelson, New Zealand in 1974?
Hermann Seifried
## Footnote
Hermann Seifried traveled to New Zealand to make apple wine before starting his vineyard.
48
What is the most important fine wine brand in Nelson?
Neudorf
## Footnote
Founded by Tim and Judy Finn in 1978.
49
What is the average annual rainfall in Nelson?
960 millimeters
## Footnote
This is more than Marlborough's 700 millimeters.
50
Which climate influences the vineyards around Tasman Bay in Nelson?
Cool, maritime climate
51
What are the two subregions of Nelson?
* Waimea Plains
* Moutere Hills
52
What soil type dominates the Waimea Plains?
Alluvial soils
53
What is Nelson's most planted grape variety?
Sauvignon Blanc
54
What percentage of Nelson's vineyards is planted with Pinot Noir?
Approximately 15%
55
What is the main grape variety planted in North Canterbury?
Pinot Noir
56
What is the average growing season temperature in Waipara Valley?
15.7 degrees Celsius (60.3 degrees Fahrenheit)
57
True or False: North Canterbury is known for high-quality Riesling.
True
58
What is the most notable soil type in Waikari, North Canterbury?
Limestone
59
What percentage of New Zealand's Riesling plantings are found in North Canterbury?
30%
60
What is the climate like in Central Otago?
Semi-continental climate
61
When were the first commercial wines produced in Central Otago?
1987
62
What percentage of Central Otago's vineyard area is planted with Pinot Noir?
More than 75%
63
What are the annual rainfall figures for Cromwell and Alexandra in Central Otago?
* Cromwell: approximately 440 millimeters
* Alexandra: 363 millimeters
64
What are the common soil types found in Central Otago?
* Gravel
* Silt
* Loess
* Clay
65
What is the main characteristic of the Pinot Noir from the Gibbston subregion?
Lifted aromatics and notable acidity
66
What is the most planted white variety in Central Otago?
Pinot Gris
67
What are the typical flavor profiles of Riesling from Central Otago?
* Citrus
* Floral
68
Fill in the blank: The wines from the Moutere Hills are typically _______.
[fuller-bodied and weightier]
69
What is the main grape variety for white wine production in North Canterbury?
Sauvignon Blanc
70
What is the average annual rainfall in North Canterbury?
620 millimeters
71
What are the primary winemaking techniques used in North Canterbury?
* Wild yeast
* Whole-bunch fermentations
* Minimal sulfur additions
72
What is the significance of diurnal temperature swings in Central Otago?
They lead to unique wine characteristics
73
What is the impact of frost on vineyards in North Canterbury?
Frost can damage crops, requiring frost fans
74
What style of Chardonnay is produced in the Waimea Plains?
Elegant barrel-fermented Chardonnay
75
What is the typical body style of Pinot Noir from Waimea Plains?
Light-bodied
76
What are the climatic challenges faced by vineyards in Central Otago?
* Frost
* Water stress
* Wind
77
What are the characteristics of the soils in Moutere Hills?
Gravelly clay, retains more moisture
78
What is the typical yield of wines from the Waitaki Valley?
Typically low yielding
## Footnote
This contributes to high levels of dry extract in the wines.
79
What flavors are commonly presented in wines from the Waitaki Valley?
Citrus and floral flavors
## Footnote
Wines also exhibit both purity and tension.
80
What is the most planted white variety in the Waitaki Valley?
Pinot Gris
## Footnote
While often seen as unexciting, some producers create intense flavors with this grape.
81
What styles of Pinot Gris are typically produced in the Waitaki Valley?
Dry and off-dry with fine acidity and freshness
## Footnote
This reflects the grape's treatment by respectful producers.
82
What is the size of the Waitaki Valley in 2020?
60 hectares of vineyard
## Footnote
It is New Zealand's smallest wine region.
83
When was the first wine produced in the Waitaki Valley?
2003
## Footnote
This followed the first plantings at the start of the century.
84
What was the peak area of vineyard plantings in the Waitaki Valley?
100 hectares
## Footnote
Plantings later contracted to the current 60 hectares.
85
How far is Kurow from Cromwell in Central Otago?
160 kilometers northwest
## Footnote
Kurow is considered the heart of the Waitaki region.
86
What climatic influence affects the Waitaki Valley?
Cold ocean approximately 50 kilometers away
## Footnote
This significantly impacts the region's climate.
87
What is the number of growing degree days received by Waitaki?
850 growing degree days
## Footnote
This makes it the coldest viticultural area in New Zealand.
88
What is the average annual rainfall in the Waitaki Valley?
380 millimeters
## Footnote
This dryness necessitates irrigation for vineyards.
89
Which grape varieties are primarily grown in the Waitaki Valley?
Pinot Noir, Riesling, and Pinot Gris
## Footnote
These varieties thrive in the region's cool climate.
90
What is a notable characteristic of wines from the Waitaki Valley when ripe?
Highly aromatic with refreshing acidity
## Footnote
This is a result of the region's unique growing conditions.
91
True or False: The Waitaki Valley is prone to frost.
False
## Footnote
It is less prone to frost than Central Otago due to its proximity to the sea.
92
Fill in the blank: The first plantings in the Waitaki Valley were attracted by the area's _______.
limestone
93
What are the nested GI's of North Island GI?
Northland, Auckland, Hawkesbay, Wairarapa
## Footnote
These regions represent the geographical indications within the North Island of New Zealand.
94
What are the nested GI's of Auckland?
Matakana, Kumeu, Waiheke Island
## Footnote
These are specific areas recognized for their unique wine production within the Auckland GI.
95
Name a quality producer from Gisborne GI.
Millton
## Footnote
Millton is recognized for its high-quality wine production in the Gisborne region.
96
Name 2 quality producers from Hawkesbay GI.
Craggy Range, Te Mata
## Footnote
Both producers are well-regarded for their contributions to the Hawkes Bay wine industry.
97
What is the name of the growers association in Hawkes Bay?
Gimblett Gravels Winegrowers Association
## Footnote
This association represents the interests of winegrowers in the Gimblett Gravels area of Hawkes Bay.
98
What are the 2 nested GI's of Wairarapa GI?
Gladstone, Martinborough
## Footnote
These regions are known for their distinctive wine characteristics within Wairarapa.
99
Name 2 quality producers from Wairarapa GI.
Dry River, Ata Rangi
## Footnote
Both producers are celebrated for their exceptional wines from the Wairarapa region.
100
Name the 5 larger GI's of South Island GI.
Nelson, Marlborough, Canterbury, Wataki Valley, Central Otago
## Footnote
These geographical indications denote the major wine-producing areas in the South Island of New Zealand.
101
Which two South Island GI's have nested sub-GI's, and what are they?
Canterbury (North Canterbury GI and Waipara Valley GI), Central Otago (Bannockburn GI)
## Footnote
These nested GI's indicate further subdivisions within the larger GI's of Canterbury and Central Otago.
102
Wairau Valley, Southern Valleys and Awatere Valley are all subregions of which GI?
Marlborough
## Footnote
Each of these subregions contributes to the overall wine profile of Marlborough.
103
Name two top producers from Nelson GI.
Greenough, Neudorf
## Footnote
These producers are known for their quality wines from the Nelson region.
104
When was Cloudy Bay established, and by whom?
1985, David Hohnen (Cape Mentelle)
## Footnote
Cloudy Bay is one of the pioneering wineries in Marlborough, establishing a reputation for quality.
105
Name 2 quality producers from Canterbury GI.
Pyramid Valley, Pegasus Bay
## Footnote
Both are recognized for their fine wines produced in the Canterbury region.
106
Name the 6 subzones of Central Otago.
Bannockburn GI, Bendigo, Gibbston, Wanaka, Cromwell Basin, Alexandra Basin
## Footnote
These subzones highlight the diversity of wine production within Central Otago.
107
Who is the top producer from Waitaki Valley?
Valli
## Footnote
Valli is noted for its premium wines produced in the Waitaki Valley.
