Newborn and Resuscitation

Question 1

Apgar Scoring Evaluation Criteria

Answer 1

Heart Rate
Respiration
Color
Tone
Reflex Irritability

Question 2

Newborn Care

Answer 2

Vit K
Prophylactic erythromycin
Embilical cord care
Hearing test
Screening tests

Question 3

Linear skull fractures

Answer 3

Most common. No symptoms and no treatment required.

Question 4

Erb-Duchenne Brachial Palsy

Answer 4

C5-C6 lesion: cannot abduct shoulder; externally rotate and supinate forearm.

Question 5

Klumpke Brachial Palsy

Answer 5

C7?C8 +/- T1: paralyzed hand +/- horners

Question 6

Shoulder dystocia

Answer 6

Head is delivered but anterior shoulder gets stuck.

Increases risk of clavicular fracture

Question 7

Treatment of clavicular fracture

Answer 7

immobilization of arm and shoulder

Question 8

Treatment of non-resolving facial nerve palsy

Answer 8

eye care and neuroplasty

Question 9

Caput succedaneum

Answer 9

diffuse edematous swelling of soft tissue of scalp that CROSSES SUTURE LINES
Self resolving in few weeks

Question 10

Cephalohematoma

Answer 10

Subperiosteal hemorrhage. DOES NOT CROSS SUTURE LINES

Question 11

Cutis marmorata

Answer 11

Lacy, reticulated vascular pattern when baby cooled.

Resolution over first month

Question 12

Milia

Answer 12

Firm white papillose on palate, inclusion cyst.

Resolution: spontaneous.

Question 13

Salmon Patch

Answer 13

pale, pink vascular macules.

usually resolves

Question 14

Mongolian Spots

Answer 14

Blue to slate gray macules in non white infants

Resolution: first few years

Question 15

Erythema toxicum neonatorum

Answer 15

firm white papules/pustules

Peak on second day of life

Question 16

Contain eosinophils

Answer 16

Erythema toxicum neonatorum

Question 17

assess for hearing loss and GU abnormalities

Answer 17

Pre auricular tags and pits

Question 18

six o’ clock position

Answer 18

Coloboma of the eye

Question 19

CHARGE association

Answer 19

Coloboma of the iris

Question 20

Aniridia

Answer 20

Hypoplasia of iris

Question 21

Associated with Wilms tumor

Answer 21

Aniridia

Question 22

Deficient enzyme in PKU

Answer 22

phenylalanine hydroxylase

Question 23

Presentation PKU

Answer 23

Mental retardation, vomiting, growth retardation, purposeless movements, athetosis, seizures.

Question 24

Fair hair, fair skin, blue eyes, microcephaly, tooth abnormalalities

Answer 24

PKU

Question 25

Enzyme deficiency in Galactosemia

Answer 25

Gal-1-P uridylyltransferase

Question 26

What organs does Galactosemia damage

Answer 26

Liver kidney brain Eyes

Question 27

Preterm

Answer 27

Before 37 weeks

Question 28

LBW

Answer 28

Low birth weight is

Question 29

LGA

Answer 29

weight >4500grams at term

Question 30

Metabolic findings of infants with diabetic mothers

Answer 30

hypoglycemia hypocalcemia hypomagnesemia

Question 31

Congenital anomalies of infants with diabetic mothers

Answer 31

Cardiac-Transposition GI-small left colon syndrome Neuro-caudal regression syndrome

Question 32

Common findings in infants of diabetic mothers (6)

Answer 32

``` Birth trauma (macrosomia) Tachypnea (decreased surfactant) Cardiomegaly Polycythmia/hyper-viscosity Renal Vein Thrombosis Congenital Anomalies ```

Question 33

Treatment for infants of diabetic mothers

Answer 33

Good glucose control during pregnancy Frequent feeds NG Tube Dextrose infusion

Question 34

Respiratory Distress Syndrome MOA

Answer 34

decreased surfactant leads to an inability to maintain alveolar volume at end inspiration-->decreased FRC and atelectasis

Question 35

Initial diagnostic test for RDS

Answer 35

Chest radiograph

Question 36

RDS CXR

Answer 36

Ground glass Atelectasis Air bronchograms

Question 37

Most accurate test for RDS

Answer 37

L/S ration done on amniotic fluid prior to birth | 2:1 ratio is good

Question 38

Therapy progression for RDS

Answer 38

Initial: oxygen | Most effective: intubation with exogenous surfactat

Question 39

Medication for prevention of RDS

Answer 39

betamethasone

Question 40

Transient Tachypnea of newborn MOA

Answer 40

decreased fluid reabsorption leads to decreased pulmonary compliance.

Question 41

common in term infants delivered by cesarian section

Answer 41

TTN

Question 42

Meconium Aspiration Mechanism of action

Answer 42

Fetal Hypoxia or distress--> meconium release--> aspiration--> airway obstruction and pneumonitis

Question 43

CXR of Meconium Aspiration

Answer 43

Patchy infiltrates Increased AP diameter Flattening of diaphragm

Question 44

Prevention of meconium aspiration

Answer 44

endotracheal intubation and airway suction

Question 45

Diaphragmatic hernia MOA

Answer 45

failure of diaphragm to close--> herniation--> pulmonary hypoplasia

Question 46

scaphoid abdomen

Answer 46

Diaphragmatic hernia

Question 47

transmural intestinal necrosis

Answer 47

Necrotizing enterocolitis

Question 48

pneumatosis intestinalis

Answer 48

Necrotizing enterocolitis (air in bowel wall)

Question 49

Jaundice in the first days of life

Answer 49

Pathologic Jaundice | Breast feeding failure jaundice

Question 50

Jaundice in second to third day of life

Answer 50

Physiologic jaundice

Question 51

Jaundice in second week of life

Answer 51

Breast milk jaundice

Question 52

Absence of glucuronyl transferase

Answer 52

Crigler-Najjar Syndrome

Question 53

Jaundice at 2 months of age

Answer 53

Biliary atresia

Question 54

Most common causes of neonatal sepsis (2)

Answer 54

GBS (agalactia) | Listeria

Question 55

Treatment of neonatal sepsis without meningitis

Answer 55

ampicillin and aminoglycosides (gentamycin)

Question 56

Treatment of neonatal sepsis with meningitis

Answer 56

Ampicillin and third gen ceph (not ceftriaxone)

Question 57

Chorioretinitis Microcephaly Hydrocephalus Intracranial calcifications

Answer 57

Toxoplasma Findings

Question 58

Rx Toxoplasma in mom

Answer 58

Spiramycin

Question 59

Rx Toxoplasma in baby

Answer 59

pyrimethamine sulfadiazide leucovorin

Question 60

Blueberry Muffin Spots PDA cataracts Hearing loss

Answer 60

Rubella

Question 61

Periventricular calcifications IUGR Chorioretinitis Microcephaly

Answer 61

CMV

Question 62

Treatment of herpes simplex

Answer 62

Acyclovir

Question 63

``` Snuffles Maculopapular rash that desquamates Jaundice periostitis Osteochondiritis Chorioretinitis Congenital nephrosis ```

Answer 63

Early syphilis 0-2 yrs

Question 64

``` Hutchinson teeth Clutton joints saber shins saddle nose osteochondritis rhagades ```

Answer 64

Late syphilis >2 yrs

Question 65

limb malformations cutaneous scars microcephaly

Answer 65

congenital varicella