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Maternity > Newborn Assessment Handout > Flashcards

Newborn Assessment Handout Flashcards

(89 cards)

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1
Q

Hypotonic

A

Def: Poor muscle tone
Misc: Possibly due to immaturity, trauma, sepsis, or genetic or chromosomal abnormality

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2
Q

Ruddy

A

Red appearance to skin due to increased RBC’s in circulation

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3
Q

Icterus

A

Def: Jaundice, yellowing of the skin and sclera
Misc: Assess by blanching forehead, nose, chin, and chest in that order; Yellowing moves downward

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4
Q

Bilirubin

A

Build up causes jaundice

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5
Q

Kernicterus

A

Def: Bilirubin > 20 mg/dL can cause brain damage
Misc: Start phototherapy prior to this level

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6
Q

Mottling

A

Lacey pattern on skin due to dilated blood vessels

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7
Q

Bruising/Petechiae

A

Signs of Trauma

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8
Q

Acrocyanosis

A

Def: Blueish hands and feet (only
Misc: Normally finding due to immature capillary circulations

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9
Q

Milia

A

Def: Plugged sebaceous glands, tiny white papules on chin, nose, forehead
*Normal finding — do not mess with it

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10
Q

Erythema Toxicum

A

Red base with popular (yellow/white center)
*Normal finding “newborn rash/baby acne”

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11
Q

Congenital Dermal Melanocytosis (Mongolian Spots)

A

Blue/Black/Gray discoloration on the buttocks or lower back areas
*More common in dark-skinned or Asian babies - Fades

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12
Q

Nevi

A

birth marks

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13
Q

Hemangiomas

A

Telangiectatic Nevi
Nevis Flammeus
Nevis Vasculosis

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14
Q

Telangiectatic Nevi

A

Flat pink/red areas
“stork bites” salmon patches” Usually fads as child grows

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15
Q

Nevus Flammeus

A

Flat red/purple or red/black areas
*Does not blanch, more permanent “Port wine Stain”
If Trigeminal nerve involvement possible Sturge-Weber Sydnrome

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16
Q

Nevus Vasculosis

A

Raised/red mark
*Strawberry mark
Grows until 8 months than shrinks and is usually gone by 7 years

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17
Q

Cafe audi lait spots

A

French for “coffee with milk”
Small brown spots on skin
1-2 small spots are normal

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18
Q

Meconium Staining

A

Sign of fetal distress
Concern about getting into the lungs from meconium being in the skin of the baby

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19
Q

Meconium

A

first bowel movement
*a thick tar sticky fecal

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20
Q

Vernix

A

White, cheese-like substance
*Protects skin while bay is in the womb

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21
Q

Peeling

A

Especially on post-term babies hands and feet
*baby looses vernix covering

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22
Q

Lanugo

A

Fine, downy hair
*More premature the baby - the more hair

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23
Q

Harlequin Sign

A

Dilation of blood vessels on one side of body, constriction of blood vessels on the other side
* Half the body is red and the other side is normal

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24
Q

The head is ____ compared to the body

A

1/4th

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25
Normal head circumference
32-37 cm *around the whole head - over eyebrows
26
Chest circumference
31-33 cm
27
Molding
Overriding cranial bones at suture lines
28
Anterior Fontaine’s
“soft spots” on infant’s skull large and diamond shape Expected to be soft and flat — closes at 12-18 months
29
Posterior Fontanel
Small spot in the back of the skull Closes from birth to 3 months
30
Bulging Fontanel
sign of Increased ICP
31
Sunken Fontanel
dehydration
32
Cephalohematoma
Blood between skull and periosteum but does NOT cross suture line — a pocket of blood between the skull and the peritoneal *Due to birth trauma - feels hard
33
Caput Succedaneum
Fluid “bruise” between periosteum and skin — CROSSES suture lines — “diffuse spreading” *Due to birth trauma - feels soft or boggy between the skin and peritoneal layer
34
Low set ears/flat
Indicative of chromosomal or renal abnormalities
35
Preauricular skin Tags
In front of ear canals *Associated with hearing loss and/or renal abnormalities
36
Cleft Palate and Lip
Feeling for space in he mouth and absent soft palate *lip would be a gap in the lip
37
Thrush (Candida Albicans)
White areas on tongue and in mouth *Does not wipe off — caused from yeast in mom’s vaginal canal **Treat with Nystatin
38
Choanal Atresia
Bony blockage between nose and pharynx (congenital) *Critical because babies are obligatory nose breathers
39
Precocious teeth
Teeth present at birth (calcification teeth) *HCP will pull (aspiration risk because of lack of roots)
40
Rooting Reflex
Able to tract the nipple source *super sleepy baby will not do this but they should still suck
41
Epstein Pearls
Keratin-filled, white cysts found in mouth (mucous membrane) — disappear over time
42
Red reflex
See red in eye when look through ophthalmoscope *If absent, suspect cataracts or tumors
43
Subconjunctival hemorrhages
dark red area on sclera *From trauam
44
Strabismus
eyes cross *Normal up to 3-6 months
45
Nystagmus
Back and forth oscillation of eyes (often from underdeveloped neurological *Can be normal up to 3-6 months
46
Brushfield’s Spots
White “flecks” in iris *Seen in Down’s syndrome
47
Setting-Sun Sign
Fixed downward gaze with iris “setting” below conjunctiva Associated with increased ICP
48
Webbed
Associated with Turner’s Syndrome (girls only) *genetic with one x chromosome ** thick neck and widened nipples
49
Torticollis
Rigid neck * due to possible injury — will need to be correct and is abnormal
50
Clavicals
palpate along the baby- feeling for crackles/lumps & assymetry *can possible break during birth — most common fracture in a newborn
51
Brachial palsy
baby born with shoulder stuck under the pelvis during birth and can cause the brachial plexus nerve damage
52
Erb’s brachial plexus injury
upper arm and 5th or 6th cranial nerve is damage
53
Klunke
lower brachial plexus injury mild serverity - recover in 6 months severe might not be able to retreat it
54
Syndactyly
Webbed digits
55
Polydactyly
extra digits
56
Simian Line
A palmar crease straight across palm *Common in Down’s Syndrome and other chromosomal abnormalities
57
Talipes
Club feet rigid fixation of the ankle turned inward
58
Grasp Reflex
Both palmar and plantar put your thumb in the hand or the pad of foot and toes/hand curls around
59
See-Saw respirations
Chest rises, abd falls and visa *Seen in respiratory distress
60
Retractions
Can be sub-xyphoid, sub-sternal, intercostal,subclavicular, etc. *seen in respiratory distress
61
Grunting
Guttural sound (heard with or without stethoscope) *Seen in respiratory distress
62
Breast Engorgement
Swollen breast tissue *due to maternal hormones - affects both males and females
63
Supernumerary nipples
Extra nipples with no glandular tissue *Appears to be either pink or brown
64
Scaphoid abdomen
small and large intestines are moved up into the chest cavity due to hernia * can cause pressure on the lungs and cause them not to be developed properly
65
Distended abdomen
Tight skin; enlarged blood vessel
66
Wilm’s tumor
Cancer — do not palpate if we know it is there on the liver
67
Neuroblastoma
cancer on the adrenal gland
68
Polycystic Kidney
Benign mass
69
3 vessel Umbilicus
AVA (2 arteries and 1 vein)
70
Umbilical Hernia
very common in baby’s crying = enlarged and increased pressure sleeping = small little bump at umbilical
71
omphalocele
Abdominal contents protrude from opening in abdominal wall, encased in peritoneal membrane *Associated with genetic defects - common to see with other birth defects
72
Coarctation of Aorta
Congenital narrowing of aorta causing increased blood flow to upper extremities and decreased to lower
73
Gastroschisis
Abdominal contents protrude from opening in abdominal wall encased in peritoneal *keep contents moist and sterile
74
Pseudomenstration
Smooth,white, thin discharge (possibly blood-tinged) due to mom’s hormones **normal findings
75
circumcision
surgical removal of foreskin *keep petroleum gauze intact
76
Hypospadias
Urethra on ventral side (lower)
77
Epispadias
urethra on dorsal side (upper)
78
Phimosis
tight foreskin *requires circumcision
79
Hydrocele
Fluid-filled scrotal sac *Shine penlight on sac to see fluid moving
80
Cryptorchidism
Undescended testes *Palpate for both testes in the scrotal sac (hard, pea-sized)
81
Pilonidal Dimple
hair tuft at the base of the spine *sign for Spina Bifida ** Diagnosis through ultrasound
82
Trunk Incurvation reflex
Place baby in prone position - stroke one side of spine. This cause the pelvis to turn toward stimulated side
83
Imperforate Anus
Blocked anus *Rule out by passage of meconium or obtaining rectal temperature
84
Reflexes (8)
Moro Stepping Tonic Neck/Fencing Doll’s Eyes Sucking Grasp Babinski
85
Moro Reflex
“startle”reflex *normal up to 4-6 months
86
Stepping reflex
normal up to 4-5 months natural steps forward when elevated above ground
87
Tonic Neck / Fencing
whichever way the baby is looking the arm will stretch out Normal up to 3-4 months
88
feeding reflexes
sucking and rooting
89
interaction reflexes
grasping

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