NEWBORN CARE Flashcards
(173 cards)
1
Q
“the first 28days of life”
A
NEONATE
2
Q
Normal RR
A
30-60 cpm
3
Q
Normal BT
A
36.5 – 37.5 C
4
Q
Normal HR
A
120-160 bpm
5
Q
Weight
A
5.5- 7.5 lbs
6
Q
Length
A
46-54 cm
7
Q
Head Circumference
A
34-35 cm
8
Q
Chest Circumference
A
32- 33 cm
9
Q
Abdominal Circumference
A
32-33 cm
10
Q
Maintenance of patent airway
A
slight trendelenburg position
11
Q
Provision of warmth
A
kangaroo hold
12
Q
Nutrition
A
breastfeed per demand
13
Q
Protection
A
from infection and injury
14
Q
> 5-10% weight loss
A
1st few days of life
15
Q
Recaptures BW within ______
A
10 days
16
Q
first 6 months of life
A
2 lbs/mo (6-8 oz/wk)
17
Q
NB is no longer under the influence of
maternal hormone
A
WEIGHT LOSS CAUSES
18
Q
NB voids and passes stool
A
WEIGHT LOSS CAUSES
19
Q
NB experiences diuresis on the 2nd and 3rd
day of life
A
WEIGHT LOSS CAUSES
20
Q
NB receives low calorie content milk (colostrum) on the 1st 3 days of life.
A
WEIGHT LOSS CAUSES
21
Q
NB has ineffective sucking on the 1st few
days of life
A
WEIGHT LOSS CAUSES
22
Q
Due to increased concentration of RBC and
decreased amount of subcutaneous fat.
A
RED COMPLEXION
23
Q
due to peripheral circulation
A
CYANOSIS
24
Q
First 24-48 hrs after birth. (upper and lower extremities
A
ACROCYANOSIS
25
- Common
- Central cyanosis (cyanosis of the trunk),
cause of concern due to decreased
oxygenation.
- Result from temporary respiratory
obstruction or an underlying disease state
MOTTLING
26
Yellowish discoloration of the skin due to
serum bilirubin of more than 7mg/100ml
JAUNDICE
27
Collection of blood under periosteum of the
skull bone
CEPHALHEMATOMA
28
White cream cheese-like substance that
serves as a skin lubricant
VERNIX CASEOSA
29
- Fine, downy hair that covers a newborn's
shoulder, back, upper arm, forehead and
ears
LANUGO
30
Skin peeling due to change of squamous cells
DESQUAMATION
31
White papule due to a plugged or unopened
sebaceous gland found on the cheek, across
the bridge of the nose, and chin
MILIA
32
- “Newborn rash”
- Lack of pattern, also known as "flea bite"
rash
- Needs no treatment
ERYTHEMA TOXICUM
33
- result of anemia
- Excessive blood loss when cord was cut
- Short lived RBC
- Poor maternal nutrition: low iron store
PALLOR
34
- Redness on dependent side
- Due to immature circulation
HARLEQUIN SIGN
35
a) Vascular tumors of the skin
b) Strawberry hemangiomas
c) Cavernous Hemangiomas
d) Mongolian spot
BIRTHMARKS (Hemangiomas)
36
- Collection of pigment cells that appear as
slate gray patches across the sacrum or
buttocks and possibly the arms and legs
- Disappears by school age without
treatment
- Common in Asian, southern European
MONGOLIAN SPOT
37
- Circular or linear contusion matching the
shape of the blade of forceps, disappears
in 1-2 days
FORCEPS MARK
38
- Spaces or opening where the skull bones join
FONTANELLES
39
- Located at the junction of the 2 parietal
lobes and frontal lobe, diamond in shape
- Closes at 12 to 18 months
ANTERIOR FONTANELLES
40
- Located at the junction of parietal bones
and the occiput bone, triangular in shape
- Closes by the end of second month
POSTERIOR FONTANELLES
41
- Separating lines of the skull, may override at
birth because of the extreme pressure
exerted by passage through the birth canal.
SUTURES
42
- Presenting head part that engages in the
cervix molds to fit the cervix contour.
- Normal shape is restored after a few days to
one week
MOLDING
43
- Edema of the scalp at the presenting part
- Disappear at 3rd day of life w/o treatment
. CAPUT SUCCEDANEUM
44
- Collection of blood between the periosteum of the skull bone and the bone itself caused by rupture of a periosteum capillary due to
pressure at birth.
- Occurs 24 hrs after birth, will subside by
itself after a few weeks
CEPHALHEMATOMA
45
Outer canthus of the eye should be in line with the upper pinna
EARS
46
May appear large for the face
NOSE
47
Suction ________ first before the ______ to prevent air from forcing mucus back into the bronchi and alveoli
MOUTH
NOSE
48
Newborns are obligatory nose breathers until
they are about ________
3 weeks
49
small round glistening, well circumscribed cyst
Epstein pearl
50
Short and should not be rigid
NECK
51
- May have breast engorgement that will
subside in a week time, do not manipulate.
- May secrete thin, watery fluid "witch's milk”
CHEST
52
- Slightly protuberant
- Bowel sounds can be heard after ______
ABDOMEN
1 HR
53
- Straight and flat
- Lumbar and sacral curves start to develop
when child has learned how to sit up or stand
BACK
54
- Proportional in length
- Legs are normally bowed
EXTREMITIES
55
(Newborn act of 2004 – RA 9288)
NEWBORN SCREENING
56
- A procedure done to find out if your baby has a congenital metabolic disorder that may lead to mental retardation and even death if left untreated.
NEWBORN SCREENING
57
Ideally done 24 hours after CHON intake
NEWBORN SCREENING
58
Using the ______ method, a few drops of
blood are taken and blotted on a special
absorbent filter card.
heel prick
59
If result is positive...
- confirmatory testing should be done
- If confirmed, refer to specialist
60
- Most common, absence or lack of thyroid
hormone which is essential to growth of the
brain and the body
CONGENITAL HYPOTHYROIDISM (CH)
61
- Most rare but dangerous because it can
cause death within 9-13 days, causes severe
salt loss, dehydration, & abnormally high
levels of male sex hormones
CONGENITAL ADRENAL HYPERPLASIA (CAH)
62
- Unable to process galactose.
- Excessive galactose in the blood can cause
liver damage, brain damage, & cataracts
GALACTOSEMIA (GAL)
63
- Unable to process phenylalanine (building
blocks of CHON); causes brain damage.
PHENYLKETONURIA (PKU)
64
- Deficiency (G6PD Def)
- Lacks the enzyme G6PD, prone to hemolytic
anemia once exposed to oxidative
substances found in drugs, food, &
chemicals
GLUCOSE 6 PHOSPHATE DEHYDROGENASE
65
- Done at 1st minute of life and then after 5
minutes of life
APGAR SCORING
66
infant will do well in normal newborn
nursery
7-10 : good condition (APGAR SCORE INTERPRETATION)
67
infant needs specialized, intensive care
4-6 : moderately depressed (APGAR SCORE INTERPRETATION)
68
- CPR is needed
- prognosis of newborn is grave
0-3 : severely depressed (APGAR SCORE INTERPRETATION)
69
Birth or anytime at birth
BCG
70
0.5 ML, ID, R Deltoid Region of the Arm
BCG
71
1 Dose
BCG
72
Given at earliest possible age protects the
possibility of TB meningitis and other TB infections in which infants are prone.
BCG
73
6 WEEKS old
DPT
74
0.5 ML, IM, upper outer portion of the thighs
DPT
75
3 doses; 4 weeks interval
DPT
76
An early start reduces the chance of
severe pertussis.
DPT
77
6 WEEKS old
OPV
78
2-3 gtts/drops, ORAL
OPV
79
3 doses; 4 weeks interval
OPV
80
The extent of protection of polio is increased the earlier the this is given.
OPV
81
- Keeps Ph Polio-free
OPV
82
At birth
HEPA B
83
6 WEEKS interval from 1st dose to 2nd dose
HEPA B
84
- 8 WEEKS interval from 2nd dose to 3rd dose
HEPA B
85
0.5 ML, IM, upper outer portion of the thighs
HEPA B
86
3 DOSES, 4 weeks interval
HEPA B
87
An early start of this reduces the
chance of being infected and becoming a carrier.
HEPA B
88
Prevents liver cirrhosis and liver cancer which are more likely to develop if infected with HEPA-B early in life.
HEPA B
89
About ______ die of complications of HEPA-B
9,000
90
___ % of Filipinos have HEPA-B
10%
91
___ % of Filipinos have HEPA-B
10%
92
9 MONTHS old
MEASLES
93
- 0.5 ML, SUBCU, , upper outer portion of the arms
MEASLES
94
1 Dose
MEASLES
95
At least ___% of measles can be prevented by
immunization at this age.
85%
96
Present as soon as nose is clear of mucus
and amniotic fluid
SMELL
97
Well developed at birth, as evidenced by
reaction to painful stimuli
TOUCH
98
are developed and functioning
before birth, as evidenced by swallowing
sweet tasting milk more readily than the
bitter taste of salt.
TASTE
99
are developed and functioning
before birth, as evidenced by swallowing
sweet tasting milk more readily than the
bitter taste of salt.
TASTE
100
- They can see as soon as they are born and
possibly have been seeing in utero for the
last month of pregnancy
VISION
101
- Blinking and pupillary reflex is present at
birth, can focus on object not exceeding the
midline at 9 to 12 inches.
VISION
102
Appears to have difficulty locating the
sound, but is able to hear
HEARING
103
NB has _______ Nervous system
IMMATURE
104
Hepatitis b vaccine is given on the _____
of life.
FIRST 12 HRS
105
Urine should be present within _______
24 hrs after birth
106
light colored and odorless
URINE
107
At ___ week, urine concentration and
reabsorption is evident (15 ml/void)
6th
108
sticky, blackish green, odorless
material from mucus, vernix, lanugo,
hormones that accumulate during intrauterine life, evident within the 1st 24 hrs.
Meconium
109
NB has ______ liver
IMMATURE
110
- ductus arteriosus
- foramen ovale
- ductus venosus.
Structures open intrauterinely
111
Peripheral circualtion is sluggish during the
first ___ hrs
24
112
common due to trauma at birth
LEUKOCYTOSIS
113
BP is not routinely measured
TRUE
114
A response to a stimulus that occurs w/o counscious thought.
REFLEX
115
Within the first mins. after birth, nurses and doctors assess _____
REFLEXES
116
Elicited by sshining a strong light on an eye. A sudden eye movement toward the eye sometimes can elicit this.
BLINK REFLEX
117
To protect eye from any object coming near by rapid eyelid closure.
BLINKING REFLEX
118
If the cheek is brushed near the corner of the mouth, NB will turn in that direction.
ROOTING REFLEX
119
Serves to help NB find food
ROOTING REFLEX
120
ROOTING REFLEX disappears at ____ week of life.
6th
121
Newborn eyes focus steadily so a food source can be seen and the reflex is no longer needed.
DEVELOPMENT
122
When a baby's lips are touched, baby makes a sucking motion.
SUCKING REFLEX
123
Helps find food when the NB's lips touch mother's breast or a bottle, the baby sucks and takes in food.
SUCKING REFLEX
124
SUCKING REFLEX disappear at ___ months.
6 months
125
Can be maintained by offering a pacifier.
SUCKING REFLEX
126
Food that reaches the posterior portion of the tongue automatically swallowed.
SWALLOWING REFLEX
127
_______, _________, and _______ reflexes are also present to maintain a clear airway in the event that normal swallowing does not keep the pharync ree of obstructing mucus.
Gag, cough, and sneeze
128
NB extrudes any substance placed on the anterior portion of tongue.
EXTRUSION REFLEX
129
Prevents swallowing of inedible substances.
EXTRUSION REFLEX
130
EXTRUSION REFLEX disappears at ___ months of age. Until then, infant may seem to be spitting out ot refusing solid food placed in mouth.
4 months
131
NB who are held in a certical position with their feet touching a hard surface will take a few quick, alternating steps.
STEP (WALK)-IN-PLACE REFLEX
132
STEP (WALK)-IN-PLACE REFLEX disappears by ___ months of age.
3 months
133
By ___ months, babies can hear a good portion of their weight unhindered by STEP (WALK)-IN-PLACE REFLEX
4 months
134
Similar to step-in-place reflex, except that elicited by touching the anterior surface of the NB's leg against a hard surface like the edge of the basisnet/table
PLACING REFLEX
135
NB makes a few quick lifting motions, as if to step onto the table.
PLACING REFLEX
136
NB grasp object placed in their palm by closing their fingers on it.
PALMAR GRASP REFLEX
137
PALMAR GRASP REFLEX disappears at about ___ weeks to ___ months of age.
8 weeks
3 months
138
A baby begins to grasp MEANINGFULLY at about ____ months.
3 months
139
When an object touches the sole of a NB's foot at the base of the toes, the toes grasp in the same manner as the fingers do.
PLANTAR GRASP REFLEX
140
PLANTAR GRAPS REFLEX disappears at about _____ to ___ months of age in PREPARATION FOR WALKING. Howver, it may be present during sleep for a longer period
8-9 months
141
If you turn a NB's head to the opposite side, he will often change the extension/contraction of legs and arms accdgly.
TONIC NECK REFLEX
142
Also called the "boxer or fencing reflex"
TONIC NECK REFLEX
143
TONIC NECK REFLEX disappears betw. the ____ and ____ months of life
2nd and 3rd months
144
initiated by startling a NB w/ a loud noise or by jarring the bassinet.
MORO (STARTLE) REFLEX
145
The most accurate method of eliciting MORO REFLEX is to?
Hold the NB in a SUPINE position and allow their heads to drop backward about 1 inch.
146
MORO REFLEX is strong for the first ____ weeks but disappear by the end of the ____ or ____ months. At the same time, the infant can roll away from danger.
8 weeks
5th or 9th month
147
When the side of the foot sole is stroked in an inverted J curve from the heel upward, a NB fans the toes (+ Babinsk). In contrast to the adult, who flexes the toes.
BABINSKI REFLEX
148
Occurs because the nervous system development is IMMATURE. It remains + (toes fan) until at least ___ months of age, when it is supplanted by the down-turning or adult flexion repsonse.
3 months
149
If pressure is applied to the soles of the NB lying in a SUPINE POSITION, he PUSHES BACK AGAINST the pressure.
MAGNET REFLEX
150
This and 2 following reflexes are tests of spinal cord integrity.
MAGNET REFLEX
151
If one leg of a NB lying supine is extended and the foot sole is irritated by being rubbed w/ a sharp object, infant raises the other leg and extends it, as if trying to push away the hand irritating the first leg.
CROSSED EXTENSION REFLEX
152
When NB lie in a prone position and are touched along the paravertebral line area by a probing finger, they flex their trunk and swing their pelvis toward the touch.
TRUNK INCURVATION REFLEX
153
A NB who is held in a PRONE POSITION w/ a hand underneath, supporting the trunk should demonstrate some muscle tone.
LANDAU REFLEX
154
Babies may not be able to lift their head or arch their back in the position (as they will at 3 mos.), but neither should they sag into an inverted U position. The latter response indicates _____
EXTREMELY POOR MUSCLE TONE
155
A patellar reflex can be elicited in a NB by tapping the patellar tendon with the tip of the finger.
DEEP TENDON REFLEXES
156
Test for spinal nerves C5 and C6
BICEPS REFLEX
157
test for spinal nervse L2 through L4
PATELLAR REFLEX
158
Given at earliest possible age protects the possibility of TB meningitis and other TB infections in which infants are prone.
BCG VAX
159
An early start with this reduces the chance of severe pertussis.
DPT VAX
160
The extent of protection of polio is increased the earlier this is given.
OPV VAX
161
An early start of this vaccine reduces the chance of being infected and becoming a carrier.
HEPA B VAX
162
Prevents liver cirrhosis and liver cancer
HEPA B VAX
163
At least 85% of measles can be prevented by immunization at this age.
MEASLES VAX
164
0.5 ML, SUBCU, , upper outer portion of the arms
MEASLES VAX
165
0.5 ML, IM, upper outer portion of the thighs
- HEPA B VAX
- DPT VAX
166
2-3 gtts/drops, ORAL
OPV VAX
167
0.5 ML, ID, R Deltoid Region of the Arm
BCG VAX
168
Birth or anytime at birth
- BCG VAX
- HEPA B VAX
169
6 WEEKS old
- DPT VAX
- OPV VAX
170
9 MONTHS old
MEASLES VAX
171
1 Dose
- BCG VAX
- MEASLES VAX
172
3 DOSES, 4 weeks interval
- OPV VAX
- HEPA B VAX
- DPT VAX
173
6 WEEKS interval from 1st dose to 2nd dose
HEPA B VAX
