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MS4 - OnG > Newborn Lectrues > Flashcards

Newborn Lectrues Flashcards

(75 cards)

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1
Q

Preterm birth def?

A

<37 weeks

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2
Q

Low birth weight defs

A

Low: <2500 g

Very Low: <1500 g

Extremely low: <1000 g

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3
Q

Why preterm neonates more prone to infection

A

Low IgG

Absent IgM/IgG

Absent adaptive immune system

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4
Q

Necrotising Enterocolitis sx

A

loss of apetite

distended tender abdomen

sepsis

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5
Q

Mx of necrostising enterocolitis

A

stop enteral feeds

give broadspectrum abx

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6
Q

Necrotising enterocolitis complications

A

high mortality

short gut syndrome

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7
Q

what rash is this?

A

Erythema toxicum

  • central papule (yellow), erythamatous peripheral
  • last days up to a week
  • everywhere but palms and soles
  • caused by esinophils
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8
Q

What rash is this?

A

Haemangioma (birth mark)

aka strawberry naevi

Endothelia tumour

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9
Q

What rash is this?

A

Blue spot

over sacrum, buttocks and lower limb

fades by 4 years

melanocyte infiltiration

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10
Q

What is this rash

A

Salmon patch

aka angel kiss

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11
Q

What is this rash

A

Portwine stain ( capillary malformation)

if in trigeminal could lead to intercranial arterial calcification

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12
Q
A

a- barlow

b- ortolani

  • detects hop displacement
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13
Q

What is this?

A

Cephalhaematoma

subperipheral haemorrhage due to forceps in delivery

Resolves by 6th week

Increased jaundice

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14
Q

Vitmin K for newborns?

A

Breast milk doesnt have it

Could cause bleeding disorder

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15
Q

Mx of neonatal jaundice

A

If billirubin high use phototherapy (blue light breaks H bonds, making it polar, allowing its removal)

If very high, use exchange transfusion

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16
Q

Blood test for neonates screening?

A

Guthrie test

5-7th day by midwife

Phylketonuria, TSH, haemoglobulinopathies, CF

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17
Q

Signs of resp distress in neonates

A

Cyanosis

High RR

Subcostal recession

Expiratory grunting

Nasal flaring

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18
Q

Respiratory distress syndrome management

A

Surfactant therapy

or antinatal steroids

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19
Q

what is Transient tachypnoea (TTN)

A

term infants with mature lungs, delay in clearing the lung fluid

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20
Q

Risk factor for transient tachypnoea of newborn

A

Caesarean section

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21
Q

Mx of transient tachypnoea of newborn

A

nasal CPAP, o2, stop feeds

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22
Q

What is Meconium aspiration syndrome

A

Fetal hypoxia/distress -> meconium passed inside utero -> fetal aspiration

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23
Q

Consequences of Meconium aspiration syndrome

A

Airway obstruction

Chemical pneumonitis

Surfactant inactivation

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24
Q

How to diagnose an air leak in newborn

A

trans-illumination

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25
What is laryngomalacia
soft immature larynx cartilage collapses casues inspiratory stridors
26
Which immunoglobulin is passed through the placenta
IgG
27
What factors increase the affinity of Haemoglobin for O2 on Hb oxygen dissociation curve
Increased pH Decreased temperature Decreased 2,3 dihydroxybutanedioic DPG acid
28
How are maternal and fetal 2,3 DPG levels different?
30% higher in mother than fetus
29
Blood vessels within the placenta
Umbilical vein 2\* Umbilical arteries
30
Origin of umbilical arteries
Iliac artery
31
3 vessels that change between fetus and newborn stages
Ductus arteriosus (Pulmonary-aorta) Foramen Ovale (R-L atria) Ductus venosus (umbilical v. - inferior vena cava)
32
After birth what happens to: Umbilical vein
Ligamentum teres (umbilicus to liver) Mesentery becomes falciform ligament
33
After birth what happens to: Ductus arteriosus
Ligamentum arteriosus
34
What causes the closure of ductus arteriosus
mediated by prostoglandin inhibition and rise in PaO2
35
After birth what happens to: umbilical arteries
constict, some parts remain patent supplying the urinary bladder
36
Cerebral palsy
Non progressive disorder of movement and posture caused by injury to IMMATURE brain
37
Def of Birth asphyxia
Interruption of delivery of o2 to fetus causing: - delayed breathing - Low HR - Acidosis - Impaired muscle tone and reflexes
38
How to identify birth asphyxia
Apgar score Cord gas: pH\<7.15
39
Apgar score
HR: Absent 0, \<100 1, 100 2 Resp effort: Absent 0, gasp/irreg 1, regular 2 Muscle tone: limp 0, some flexion 1, acitve 2 Response: nil 0, grimace 1, cry/cough 2 Central colour: white 0, blue 1, pink 2
40
Apgar score interprrtation
Repeated at 1, 5 and 10th minutes 8-9 good condition \<5 bad news!!
41
Grades of hypoxis ischaemic encephalopathy
I - hyperventilation II- I + seizures III- II + comatose
42
Mx of Hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy
total body cooling for 72 hours at 33.5 C
43
Pathology of interventricular haemorrage in newborn?
Vascular germinal matrix with fragile vessels in preterm (24-32 weeks) Fluctuating blood flow
44
Mx of interventicular management of newborn
corticosteroid before preterm delivery
45
Main complication post interventricular haemorrhage
post haemorrhagic hydrocephalus
46
Prevention of post haemorrhagic hyrocephalus
DRIFT Washing out the ventricles after IVH to remove the neurotoxins
47
Def of periventricular leucomalacia
White matter damage Caused by ischaemia/inflammation
48
Mx of periventricular leucomalacia
no treatment prevention by giving MgSO4 to mother during preterm labour
49
Which brain injuries are more common in full term brain? which ones in preterm?
full term: acute hypoxic ischaemia of the basal ganglia (grey matter) preterm: periventricular white matter / interventricular haemorrhage
50
Bacterial causes of neonatal meningitis
Group B strep E coli Listeria
51
Long term complications of neonatal meningitis
Deafness Hydrocephalus Poor neurodevelopment
52
Rx for neonatal meningitis
cefotaxime
53
What causes this
cutaneous candidiasis
54
Rx for neonatal candida infection
Local or oral treatment with nystatin or miconazole
55
Necrotising enterocolitis pathology
Injury to mucosa - \> substrate for bacteria to multiplying the gut - \> invasion of the gut wall by gas producing bacteria - \> ileus and perforation
56
Which Hepetitis virus can be passed to fetus and at what stage is it passed?
Hep B Vertical transmission during labour (40% risk)
57
Hep B screening during pregnancy
Hep B surface antigen tested in all If positive, Hep e antigen and antibodies also tested
58
Prevention of neonatal Hep B/e infection
If no Hep E : 4 doses of Hep B vaccine + 1 dose of Hep B immunoglobulin If Hep E present: 4 doses of Hep B vaccine only
59
At what stage is HIV passed to fetus?
transplacental during labour breast milk (25% risk)
60
Vaccinations to neonates
Hep B BCG (if going abroad to TB in india/africa)
61
How long is breast feeding recommended for
first 6 months of life
62
Newborn screen blood test age
5-8 days
63
Which conditions tested for in heel prick test
hypothyroid CF Sickle cell disease inherited metabolic disorders ( phenylketonuria, MCADD, etc)
64
Indications for abx for mastitis
Infected nipple fissure Sx not improving \>24 hrs with milk removal Brest milk culture positive
65
Mastitis abx
Flucloxicillin Because its staph, ffs Kav Another flashcard I have to go through because of you
66
RFs for sudden infant death syndrome
prone sleeping parental smoking bed sharing hypethermia prematurity
67
Foetal alcohol syndrome
Hypoplastic upper lip Microcephaly Smooth philtrum
68
Philtrum
fold on upper lip
69
Pier Robins syndrome 3 fx
cleft palate, retrognathia (abnormal jaw) glossoptosis (obstruction by tongue)
70
Albinism defect
Tyrosinase defect
71
Sx of phenylketonuria
Musty odour skin and urine
72
Sx of cystinuria
recurrent kidney stones
73
5 alpha reductase deficiency sx
female-looking until puberty penis at twelve syndrome
74
Hormone responsible for male internal reproductive tract development
Testosterone
75
Hormone responsible for male external reproductive tract development
DHT

MS4 - OnG (5 decks)

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