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media > News and Online > Flashcards

News and Online Flashcards

1
Q

what is the order of the socio-economic classes and what type of paper they read

A
  • ABC1: reads quality papers
  • C1/C2: reads mid market papers
  • Mass Market: tabloids
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2
Q

where do the Guardian and Daily mail fall on the LW-RW, Quality-Tabloid axis

A
  • The Guardian: a left wing, quality paper
  • The Daily Mail: a right wing, mid market paper
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3
Q

who owns the Guardian

A
  • The Scott Trust - they’re not for profit
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4
Q

what are the conventions of the newspaper market segment of Quality

A
  • Quality: detailed level of info, high level lexis (complex vocab), body text heavy, hard + international news focus, limited colour palette, iconic photography, ordered layout
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5
Q

what are the conventions of the newspaper market segment of mid market

A
  • Mid Market: offers information on worries, dramatic lexis (vocab), large, dramatized serifed headlines, meaningful use of colour, ordered layout
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6
Q

what are the conventions of the newspaper market segment of Tabloid

A
  • Tabloid: raises dramatic enigmas, low level lexis/ use of colloquial language, soft + celebrity news focus, domestic news focus, cluttered layout, composited images, use of paparazzi/phone pictures, image heavy
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7
Q

what factors add value to news

A
  • negativity: e.g. tragedies, deaths, murders
  • closeness to home
  • recency
  • simplicity (how simple it is to understand)
  • unexpected
  • elite nations: based in USA, UK, France, China
  • exclusivity from newspaper
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8
Q

what is the motto of the Scott Trust

A
  • ‘to preserve quality liberal journalism’
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9
Q

who owns the Daily Mail

A
  • Daily Mail and General Trust (DMGT) - for profit and is owned by Lord Rothemere
  • it also owns The Metro, The i
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10
Q

outline the 6 stages of cultural (and so economic) changes of print

A

1) competition from online news
2) decrease in readership + circulation of printed news
3) with less readers, the value of display advertising declines
4) with less advertisements, theres less revenue (money in), and so less profit
5) with less profit, theres cost reductions - shown in less staff, smaller page format + count
6) with less news room staff, more opinion pieces, ‘churnalism’ (copying other work), less foreign news, less quality / exclusive pieces, source journalism (sourced form a centralised news agency), client journalism (clients calling up journalists to report on their story)

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11
Q

name 5 cultural changes for online news

A
  • paywalls (restriction of content access due to needing a subscription) for Quality papers
  • competition from other online news outlets
  • social media acts as a news source - which is more likely to be used (headline scrolling)
  • Facebook + Google dominate 65% of the digital advertising market
  • (younger) audiences have an ‘expectation of free’ - they don’t want to pay for news subscriptions. e.g. to make money, traffic, page impressions, the Mail Online appeals to a global audience
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12
Q

state a statistic about falling readership/ circulation of print news

A
  • since 2009, the number of newspapers sold each day in the UK has dropped form 9 million to 3 million
  • in the last decade, the UK national paper advertising market has halved, from £1.2B in 2013 to £600 million in 2023
  • newspaper readership is falling about 10% each year
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13
Q

suggest (at least) 3 reasons for the decline in newspaper readership

A
  • ageing audience (avg age of print readers is 61yrs)
  • declining circulation
  • expectation of free
  • online news is more accessible
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14
Q

define stereotype

A
  • stereotype = a simplified, general negative representation of a social group
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15
Q

define archetype

A
  • archetype = positive repeated representations
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16
Q

define countertype

A
  • countertype = a representation that deliberately subverts expectations of a stereotype
17
Q

outline the political context of the UK press

A
  • the British Press is free; as there is freedom of ownership (anyone can own a British newspaper), freedom to print (any story that is of public interest can be published)
  • the free press is essential for democracy and to hold institutions accountable
  • the private ownership of newspapers allows for the distortion of democracy as the editorial bias of the paper can be influenced
18
Q

outline IPSO

A
  • IPSO: was voluntarily funded self-regulation which was used by RW papers, like the Daily Mail. the Sun and Daily Mail made up most complaints which were about accuracy
19
Q

outline the Leveson public inquiry of 2012

A
  • in the early 2000s to 2012, there was widespread phone hacking across the mid market + tabloid news industry
  • the Milly Dowler case: where a young murder victim’s phone had been hacked by the press - led to the 2012 Leveson public enquiry into the standards and ethics of the press
  • a ‘royal charter’ was recomended to set the guidelines of how a new self-regulator should be set up. IPSO was set up for the RW press and the other regulator was ‘Impress’
20
Q

outline The Daily Mails stance on regulators

A

The Daily Mail is signed up to IPSO as;
- IPSO is controlled and funded by ex RW editors
- its a fig leaf of a regulator (it covers up distasteful things)
- it allows the press to get away with things as long as there’s a prominent apology (apology in bigger print)
- it has never fined any of its papers for breaches of code

20
Q

outline The Guardians stance on regulators

A

it refuses to sign up to either as;
- regulation of press is sloped further towards state regulation
- it doesn’t want to legitimise IPSO and its RW panel + funding model
- the Guardian is self-regulating and has its own internal complaints handling procedure
- the quality of journalism is very high, with 2 verifiable sources, with occasional minor inaccuracies

21
Q

in ____, the ____ made £__ million in profit

A
  • in 2017, the DMGT made £77 million in profit
22
Q

the newspaper industry has lost £____ between ______ in display advertisements

A
  • the newspaper industry has lost £800 million between 2015-2021 in display advertisements
23
Q

outline the values of right wing texts

A
  • nationalistic
  • xenophobic
  • conservative
  • traditionalist
  • supports traditional gender roles
  • supports consumerism
24
Q

outline the values of left wing texts

A
  • internationalist
  • socially inclusive
  • progressive
  • supports non-traditional beliefs
  • supports progressive gender roles
  • challenges capitalism

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