Newton’s Laws Flashcards
(17 cards)
Normal force
The force or component of a force that a surface exerts on an object in contact with the surface, perpendicular to the surface
Frictional force
The force that opposes the motion of an object and is parallel to the surface
Factors affecting frictional force
The normal force and the surface type
Static friction
The force that counteracts the tendency of movement of a stationary object relative to a surface
Kinetic friction
The force that counteracts the tendency of movement of a moving object relative to a surface
What else do we know about frictional force?
It is proportional to the normal force
It is independent of the area of contact
It is independent of the velocity of motion
Equilibrium
If an object is at rest, also known as static equilibrium or if it moves at a constant or uniform velocity, therefore has no acceleration. This is known as dynamic equilibrium
Net force
The vector sum of all the forces acting on the object. It is one force that has all the same effects as all the forces acting on the object simultaneously
When is the static frictional force at a maximum?
Just before the object starts to move across the surface
Newton’s first law of motion
An object will stay at rest or continue to move at a constant velocity, unless acted upon by an external (resultant) force
Inertia
The resistance of an object to a change in its state of motion at rest. Objects tend to remain at rest or continue at a uniform velocity
Inertia
The resistance of an object to a change in its state of motion at rest. Objects tend to remain at rest or continue at a uniform velocity
Acceleration
The rate of change of velocity of an object
Newton’s second law of motion
If a net (resultant) force acts on an object, the object will accelerate in the direction of the net force. The acceleration is directly proportional to the net force and inversely proportional to the mass of the object
Newton as the unit of force
One newton is the force that accelerates a mass of 1kg at 1m.s in the direction of the force
Newton’s third law of motion
If object A exerts a force on object B, object B exerts an equal force but in the opposite direction on object A
Newton’s law of gravitational universal gravitation
A force of gravitational attraction exists between any two objects in the universe that have a mass. This force of attraction is directly proportional to the product of the masses of the objects and inversely proportional to the squared distance between their centres of gravity
