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Question 1

Site specific factors
that affect plant establishment

Answer 1

Aspect
Topography
Exposure
Light/ Shade
Soil type
Drainage
Microclimate
Size of planting area

Question 2

Examples of respiration in horticulture

Answer 2

In nodal cutting storage and glucose in pith (stem tissue) foliage left to create sugars, these give energy for root growth and to heal and create callous materials

Composting- organic matter needs O2 to breakdown and support detritivores that help it to decompose. Warmth speeds up rate of respiration and it breaks down faster.

In leaf tissue where gaseous exchange takes place

Bulbs- organs of perennation are a leaf adaptation, they respire and digest sugars within when not in ground.

The heat contained in a crop immediately after harvest. Field heat is a combination of the heat absorbed by the plant tissues from the environment prior to harvest and the heat resulting from the relatively rapid respiration occuring in the still-warm plant tissues.

Question 3

Diffusion

Answer 3

Movement of molecules from high concentration to a low concentration (like squash in water)
Spreads evenly/ ambiently and stops when balanced
Doesn’t require energy

Question 4

Osmosis

Answer 4

Movement of molecules across a semi permeable membrane from low to high solute concentration

Question 5

Transpiration

Answer 5

The movement of water through plant from roots to leaves

Question 6

Transpiration factors that effect

Answer 6

Humidity- higher humidity equals less evaporation
Air circulation- more wind equals more evaporation
Light intensity- more light equals more photosynthesis and so stomata open to allow more CO2 in, more O2 out a higher rate of transpiration
Temperature- increase evaporation and so transpiration increases

Question 7

Xylem is used to move what

Answer 7

Water and mineral ions up the plant from root hair into leaf

Question 8

Phloem is for what

Answer 8

Transport of
Glucose around plant - can move up and down

Question 9

Water uptake from root by what process?

Answer 9

Osmosis. Water molecules move into root past a semi permeable membrane- root cell wall.

Question 10

Why do stomata close?

Answer 10

At nighttime when light is low and photosynthesis is not occurring, as no CO2 is needed and transpiration level is very low
In drought when plant cells wilt and vacuoles lose their turgidity

Question 11

NPK for what?

Answer 11

Nitrogen for leafy growth shoot
Phosphorus for roots
Potassium for fruits

Question 12

Ericaceous plant example
Blueberry
Heather
Rhododendron

Answer 12

Vaccinium caesariense
Blueberry

Rhododendron indicum

Calluna vulgaris

Question 13

What are 4Ds in pruning

Answer 13

Dead
Diseased
Damaged
Duplicated