NFO: s.18/20 Grevious Bodily Harm

Question 1

governing AoP

Answer 1

Offences Against the Person Act 1861

Question 2

s.20 definition

Answer 2

1) unlawfully and maliciously wounding/ inflicting grievous bodily harm

Question 3

s.18 definition

Answer 3

1) unlawfully and maliciously wounding/ causing grievous bodily harm with INTENT to do some grievous bodily harm or resist arrest

Question 4

Pittwood

Answer 4

2) omission- contractual duty

Question 5

Stone & Dobinson

Answer 5

2) omission- duty to care assumed voluntarily

Question 6

Miller

Answer 6

2) omission- duty to deal with a dangerous situation

Question 7

Eisenhower

Answer 7

3) wound def- breaking both outer and inner layers of the skin

Question 8

Smith, Saunders

Answer 8

3) GBH- really/ serious harm

Question 9

Dica

Answer 9

3) GBH eg- inflicting a disease/ biological GBH

Question 10

Burstow, Ireland

Answer 10

3) GBH eg- serious psychiatric harm

Question 11

Pagett, White

Answer 11

4) factual causation etc

Question 12

Mowatt, Parmenter, Savage

Answer 12

5) s.20 mr- int/sr as to some harm, not necessarily the wound/GBH itself

Question 13

Belfon

Answer 13

5) s.18 mr- direct int only as to causing some grievous bodily harm/ resisting arrest

Question 14

Mohan/ Cunningham

Answer 14

5) direct intention/ subjective reckless

Question 15

Latimer

Answer 15

transferred malice

Question 16

Level of harm

Answer 16

wounding; cuts, stab wounds, bleeding. GBH: broken limbs/ jaw, fractured skull, permanent disability, more than momentary loss of consciousness, severe psychiatric har, biological GBH

Question 17

checklist

Answer 17

• def s.18/20 of OAPA 1861
• act/omission P, S&D, M
• GBH/wound def & egs S, S, E, D, B, I
• causation C, R, P, C, J, B, P/W, P/S
• s.20 mr: int/sr to some harm M, P, S, M, C
• s.18 mr: int to cause GBH/ resist arrest B, M, C
• tm L