NFPA 470 Hazardous Materials Operations

Question 1

Legislation

Answer 1

Rules of governance that are passed by elected officials and must be adhered to

Standards & Regulations

Question 2

Regulations

Answer 2

detailed rules that are attached to legislation and are enforceable through the attached legislation; Regulations can be changed without having to pass new legislation

Standards & Regulations

Question 3

Standards

Answer 3

Minimum criteria that measure required performance and knowledge. Standards may be referenced in regulations, thus become enforceable by legislation.

Standards & Regulations

Question 4

NFPA 470

Answer 4

The Standard for Hazardous Materials/Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD) – This standard provides minimum requirements for personnel responding to incidents involving hazardous materials and weapons of mass destruction (WMD).

Standards & Regulations

Question 5

Operations Level Responders

Answer 5

Operations Level Responders are those persons who respond to hazardous materials/weapons of mass destruction (WMD) incidents for the purpose of implementing or supporting actions to protect nearby persons, the environment, or property from the effects of the release.

Standards & Regulations

Question 6

Eye Protection

Answer 6

Goggles and Safety glasses are considered eye protection.

The self-contained breathing apparatus face piece may be appropriate eye protection if there is no direct path from the outside to the facial area if the regulator is removed.

Helmet shields alone do not provide adequate eye protection.

Standards & Regulations

Question 7

Activities to use eye protection

Answer 7

auto extrication activities involving the use of cutting tools, hydraulic tools or breaking glass
typical shop/maintenance activities like cutting or grinding
fire-overhaul activities
encounters with chemical hazards
refueling vehicles or equipment
pressurized containers
potential splashing of blood or other bodily fluids
specialized operations such as water rescue, building collapse, high angle rescue, trench rescue, confined space rescue, or wild land fire fighting

Standards & Regulations

Question 8

NFPA 1006

Answer 8

NFPA 1006 is the National Fire Protection Association’s standard for Technical Rescue Personnel Professional Qualifications. It outlines the minimum job performance requirements for emergency response personnel involved in technical rescue operations. The standard covers various areas like rope rescue, confined space rescue, and machinery rescue.

Standards & Regulations

Question 9

NFPA 1855 standard

Answer 9

is a standard focusing on the selection, care, and maintenance of protective ensembles used in technical rescue incidents.

It aims to minimize safety and health risks by establishing criteria for inspection, cleaning, decontamination, repair, storage, and retirement of these ensembles.

Standards & Regulations

Question 10

How are industry standards defined in the context of technical rescue ?

Answer 10

Minimum criteria for performance and knowledge

Standards & Regulations

Question 11

At which NFPA 1006 level can a rescuer create an incident action plan for wheel-resting passenger vehicle incidents?

Answer 11

Operations Level

Standards & Regulations

Question 12

What is the most important document for a technical rescuer in the municipal setting?

Answer 12

The establishing and Regulating By-law

Standards & Regulations

Question 13

What does the term “best practice” imply in the technical rescue industry in Ontario?
Select one:

Answer 13

The most efficient, effective, and safest way of accomplishing a task

Standards & Regulations

Question 14

What are regulations in the context of technical rescue?

Answer 14

Detailed rules attached to legislation

Standards & Regulations

Question 15

What is the purpose of legislation in a professional technical rescue context?

Answer 15

Rules of governance passed by elected officials

Standards & Regulations

Question 16

Hazmat - Operations Level Responders
Responsibilities

Answer 16

Trained to be part of the initial response team responsible for safeguarding people, the environment, and property.

Their main job is to protect those nearby, control the hazardous material release from a safe distance, and prevent anyone from being exposed to the dangers of the release

Identifying Potential Hazards

Question 17

APIE-T process

Answer 17

Analyze
Plan
Implement
Evaluate
Terminate

Identifying Potential Hazards

Question 18

Hazardous materials response team (HMRT)

Answer 18

Organized group of trained reponse personnel who handl hazmat/EMD incidents.

Question 19

Melting

Answer 19

The temperature at which a solid substance changes to a liquid state at normal atmospheric pressure.

Identifying Potential Hazards

Question 20

Freezing

Answer 20

The temperature at which a liquid becomes a solid at normal atmospheric pressure.

Identifying Potential Hazards

Question 21

Vaporization

Answer 21

The process by which a liquid becomes a gas at normal atmospheric pressure.

Identifying Potential Hazards

Question 22

Condensation

Answer 22

The process by which a vapor in the air is changed into a liquid.

Identifying Potential Hazards

Question 23

Sublimation

Answer 23

Change directly from a solid into a gas without going into a liquid state in between.

Identifying Potential Hazards

Question 24

Deposition

Answer 24

Change directly from a vapor to solid without going into a liquid state in between.

Identifying Potential Hazards

Question 25

Pressure

Answer 25

Pressure is defined as the force per unit of area applied perpendicular to a surface. Atmospheric pressure, measured at standard temperature and approximately 1 atmosphere (101 kPa), serves as a baseline for pressure. ## Footnote Identifying Potential Hazards

Question 26

Vapour Pressure

Answer 26

The pressure exerted by a saturated vapor above its liquid in a closed container, indicates a substance's tendency to vaporize. Vapor pressure values are reported in various units, including psi, kPa, bars, mmHg, atm, hPa, and Torr. ## Footnote Identifying Potential Hazards

Question 27

What is vapour pressure measured at ?

Answer 27

68 F (20 C) and 1 atmosphere ## Footnote Identifying Potential Hazards

Question 28

Vapour Pressure Key Characteristics

Answer 28

Vapour pressure over 760 mmHg are gases. Materials with vapour pressure under 760 mmHg may evaporate. Higher substance temperatures result in increased vapour pressure. ## Footnote Identifying Potential Hazards

Question 29

Why do lower boiling points correspond to higher vapour pressure ?

Answer 29

Less heat is needed for the liquid-to-gas transition. ## Footnote Identifying Potential Hazards

Question 30

BLEVE

Answer 30

Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapour Explosion ## Footnote Identifying Potential Hazards

Question 31

Specific Gravity

Answer 31

Specific gravity is the ratio of a material's density to the density of a standard material, typically water, at standard pressure and temperature. If a material weighs 3.6 kg per volume, and an equal volume of water weighs 4.5 kg, the material's specific gravity is 0.8. ## Footnote Identifying Potential Hazards

Question 32

What will materials with a specific gravity of less than one do in relation to water.

Answer 32

They will float on water. Most flammable liquids have specific gravities less than one, causing them to float on water. ## Footnote Identifying Potential Hazards

Question 33

Molecular Weight

Answer 33

Used to determine vapor density. Air has a molecular weight of 29 g/mol. Vapor density is the molecular weight of a given material divided by the weight of air. Materials with a molecular weight less than 29 will be lighter than air and a weight greater than 29 will be heavier than air. ## Footnote Identifying Potential Hazards

Question 34

Vapour Density

Answer 34

Vapour density is the comparison of the weight of a given volume of pure vapour or gas to the weight of an equal volume of dry air at the same temperature and pressure. A vapour density less than one indicates a vapour lighter than air, while a vapour density greater than one indicates a vapour heavier than air. ## Footnote Identifying Potential Hazards

Question 35

Common materials with a vapour density lighter than or equal to air include:

Answer 35

Hydrogen Hydrogen Cyanide Nitrogen Helium Hydrogen Fluoride Carbon monoxide ## Footnote Identifying Potential Hazards

Question 36

Common materials with a vapour density greater than air include:

Answer 36

Butane Chlorine Hydrogen sulfide Propane Sulfur dioxide ## Footnote Identifying Potential Hazards

Question 37

Persistence

Answer 37

Persistence in chemicals refers to their ability to remain in the environment without confinement. It's influenced by factors like vapor pressure and boiling point; low vapor pressure and high boiling point contribute to greater persistence. ## Footnote Identifying Potential Hazards

Question 38

Viscosity

Answer 38

Viscosity measures the thickness or flowability of a liquid at a given temperature. Higher viscosity indicates thicker liquids, and it is affected by temperature, with higher temperatures making liquids more fluid. Persistent materials often have lower vapor pressure and higher viscosity. ## Footnote Identifying Potential Hazards

Question 39

Water Solubility & Miscibility

Answer 39

Solubility in water indicates the percentage (by weight) of a material that will dissolve in water at ambient temperature. ## Footnote Identifying Potential Hazards

Question 40

Degrees of Water Solubility

Answer 40

Negligible (insoluble) — Less than 0.1 percent Slight (slightly soluble) — From 0.1 to 1 percent Moderate (moderately soluble) — From 1 to 10 percent Appreciable (partly soluble) — More than 10 to 25 percent Complete — Soluble at all proportions ## Footnote Identifying Potential Hazards

Question 41

Miscibility

Answer 41

Refers to the ability of gases or liquids to mix or dissolve into each other. Two substances are miscible if they can mix in any proportion. ## Footnote Identifying Potential Hazards

Question 42

Polymerization

Answer 42

A chemical process where simple molecules join together to form long chain molecules. Catalysts, such as light, heat, water, acids, or other chemicals, can accelerate polymerization by reducing the activation energy required. Uncontrolled polymerization can release a significant amount of energy. Materials prone to violent polymerization when exposed to heat or contamination are labeled with a "P" in the blue and yellow sections of the Emergency Response Guide (ERG). ## Footnote Identifying Potential Hazards

Question 43

Inhibitors

Answer 43

Are substances added to products that are prone to polymerization, aiming to control or prevent undesirable reactions. These inhibitors raise the required activation energy, providing stability. However, inhibitors can be depleted over time or rapidly consumed due to unexpected circumstances, such as exposure to heat or contamination. ## Footnote Identifying Potential Hazards

Question 44

Permeation Chemical Protective Clothing (CPC)

Answer 44

Chemical process where chemicals pass through fabric at a molecular level, often without visible evidence. The rate of permeation depends on chemical properties, protective barrier nature, and chemical concentration. Manufacturers provide breakthrough time charts, indicating the time it takes for a chemical to permeate the CPC material. ## Footnote Personal Protective Equipment

Question 45

Degradation Chemical Protective Clothing (CPC)

Answer 45

Chemical or physical, alters material characteristics. Chemical degradation results in discoloration, swelling, and loss of strength, while physical degradation involves tears, punctures, cuts, and abrasions caused by direct pressure. ## Footnote Personal Protective Equipment

Question 46

Penetration Chemical Protective Clothing (CPC)

Answer 46

Physical process where hazardous materials enter openings or punctures in protective material. Failures, such as rips, tears, and cuts, are considered penetration failures. Openings at seams, buttonholes, and zippers may result from manufacturing issues or inherent design problems in the suit. ## Footnote Identifying Potential Hazard Containers

Question 47

Vapor Protective Clothing

Answer 47

Encapsulating suits, provides the highest level of protection against respiratory, eye, or skin damage from hazardous vapors, gases, particulates, sudden splash, immersion, or contact with hazardous materials. ## Footnote Personal Protective Equipment

Question 48

Liquid Splash Protective Clothing

Answer 48

Protects against chemical liquid splashes but not vapors or gases. It can be encapsulating or non-encapsulating. Encapsulating suits impair worker mobility, vision, and communication and trap body heat, contributing to heat stress. Non-encapsulating suits, often coveralls or individual pieces, do not protect against gases and vapors, provide limited body coverage, do not protect the SCBA, and may contribute to heat stress. ## Footnote Personal Protective Equipment

Question 49

NFPA Class 4 PPE

Answer 49

Provides skin and respiratory protection from biological and radiological particulates at concentrations below IDLH Class 4 design criteria contains no chemical barrier requirements Primary ensemble components include One-piece or multiple-piece biological and radiological particulate resistant clothing APR or PAPR ## Footnote Personal Protective Equipment

Question 50

What are the four major types of containers

Answer 50

Pressure containers Cryogenic contaiers Liquid-holding containers Solids-holding containers ## Footnote Identifying Potential Hazard Containers

Question 51

What factors influence stress on a container ?

Answer 51

Heating Cooling Physical damage *This can lead to Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapor Explosion* ## Footnote Identifying Potential Hazard Containers

Question 52

Non-pressure or atmospheric storage tanks

Answer 52

Are intended to hold contents at atmospheric or minimal pressure, with a maximum pressure capacity of 0.5 psi (3.45 kPa). ## Footnote Identifying Potential Hazard Containers

Question 53

North American Railroad Car Markings

Answer 53

Reporting marks (railcar initials and numbers) Capacity stencil (the volume of the tank car) Specification marking (standards to which the tank car was built) ## Footnote Identifying Potential Hazard Containers

Question 54

What are the three classifications of intermodal tank containers ?

Answer 54

low or non pressure (up to 700kPa) pressure (700kPa to 3447kPa) specialized (cyrogenic or tube module). ## Footnote Identifying Potential Hazard Containers

Question 55

Situational Awareness Three Levels

Answer 55

Perception: Recognizing the situation. Comprehension: Applying knowledge and past experiences to understand the situation's meaning. Application: Using the understanding to predict future developments and determine appropriate actions. ## Footnote Identifying Criminal or Terrorist Activity

Question 56

What are the three "Modes of Operation"

Answer 56

Nonintervention: In this mode, responders focus on keeping people and resources away from the hazard, avoiding direct contact or intervention. Defensive: Responders take measures to control the incident from a safe distance, minimizing exposure to the hazard. This mode involves actions to contain and prevent the spread of the hazardous material. Offensive: Responders directly engage with the hazardous material, taking actions to stop the release, mitigate the impact, and ultimately resolve the incident. This mode requires a higher level of training and specialized equipment. ## Footnote Planning the Initial Response

Question 57

Incident Priorities

Answer 57

Life Safety: * The first and foremost priority is the safety of emergency responders and civilians. * Life safety considerations must be paramount throughout the entire incident, from the initial report to its termination. * Protecting responders is essential for them to effectively safeguard the public. Incident Stabilization: * Once life safety is addressed, the focus shifts to stabilizing the incident. * Incident stabilization involves choosing the appropriate mode of operation—nonintervention, offensive, or defensive—to effectively manage and control the hazmat incident. * Stabilizing the incident minimizes risks, prevents escalation, and sets the stage for subsequent actions. Protection of Property and the Environment: * Following the priorities of life safety and incident stabilization, attention can be directed toward conserving or protecting property and the environment. * Stabilizing the incident helps mitigate environmental and property damage, contributing to overall incident control. ## Footnote Planning the Initial Response

Question 58

What is the primary purpose of the size-up conducted by the Incident Commander at a hazmat incident.

Answer 58

Select Incident Objectives ## Footnote Planning the Initial Response

Answer 59

## Footnote Incident Command System

Question 60

NFPA Class 3 PPE

Answer 60

Provides low levels of vapor and liquid chemical protection from concentrations below IDLH Equivalent to OSHA/EPA Level C PPE Primary ensemble components include Chemical-resistant clothing Overalls and long-sleeved jacket Hooded, one-or two-piece chemical splash suit Disposable chemical-resistant one-piece suit NIOSH CBRN APR or PAPR ## Footnote Personal Protective Equipment

Question 61

Operations Level Responder Mission Specific Product Control

Answer 61

PPE Selection and Use: Proficiently choose and utilize Personal Protective Equipment. Product Control Techniques: Apply techniques to confine or contain hazardous material releases, minimizing personal exposure risks. Use of Approved Control Agents and Equipment: Employ endorsed control agents and equipment for managing releases involving hazardous materials or Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMDs). Operation of Remote Control Valves and Emergency Controls: Maneuver remote control valves and emergency controls effectively. Operate shutoff devices on cargo tanks, intermodal tanks in transportation, and containers at fixed facilities. ## Footnote Product Control

Question 62

Leak Control

Answer 62

it involves preventing or limiting the escape of hazardous materials, either within the original container or by transferring them to a new one. This task is primarily handled by hazardous materials technicians and specialists who perform offensive leak-control tactics based on factors such as container type, breach, and material properties. ## Footnote Product Control

Question 63

Operations Level Responders Leak Control

Answer 63

Operations Level Responders may engage in leak control provided they have received appropriate training and possess the necessary procedures, equipment, and personal protective equipment (PPE) under the supervision of a technician. ## Footnote Product Control

Question 64

Operations Level Responders Leak Control Exceptions

Answer 64

Gasoline, diesel, liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), and natural gas. May activate emergency shutoff devices on transportation containers and close shutoff valves at fixed facilities, pipelines, and piping. ## Footnote Product Control

Question 65

Spill Control

Answer 65

spill-control tactics aim to confine hazardous materials released from their containers, minimizing contact with people, property, and the environment to reduce potential harm ## Footnote Product Control

Question 66

What is the primary ai of leak control in hazmat incidents ?

Answer 66

To prevent the release of hazardous materials. ## Footnote Product Control

Question 67

Structural Fire Fighters Protective Clothing Ignition Risk

Answer 67

Protective clothing, as it can absorb flammable liquids, posing an ignition risk upon exposure to an ignition source. To minimize risks, responders should steer clear of contact with products and contaminated areas. ## Footnote Product Control

Question 68

Blanket Covering

Answer 68

Involves placing a protective cover, such as foam or specialized blankets, over the material to contain vapours or prevent spreading ## Footnote Product Control

Question 69

Roll on Method Foam Application

Answer 69

The roll-on method covers the entire surface of the fuel. ## Footnote Product Control

Question 70

Bank-Down Method Foam Application

Answer 70

the bank-down method utilizes elevated objects for foam runoff ## Footnote Product Control

Question 71

Rain-Down Method Foam Application

Answer 71

The rain-down method directs foam into the air, allowing it to gently float down onto the fuel surface. ## Footnote Product Control

Question 72

BLEVE Water Application

Answer 72

Applying continuous and copious amounts of water to the upper portions of the tank, preferably from unattended master stream devices. Direct water streams to areas with direct flame impingement and along the tank's top to cool the vapour space. Also, cool piping and steel supports under tanks to prevent collapse. ## Footnote Product Control

Question 73

What are the three (3) elements to GEMBO (General Emergency Behavior Model).

Answer 73

Material, container, and exposure

Question 74

What four (4) elements are necessary to produce high-quality foam?

Answer 74

Foam eductor, air, fog nozzle, and mechanical agitation.

Question 75

What is a critical step when donning personal protective equipment (PPE) for hazardous materials incidents?

Answer 75

Conducting a visual inspection for any defects or damage.

Question 76

What is a Level I response?

Answer 76

Within the capabilities of the fire or emergency services organization

Question 77

What is defensive mode ?

Question 77

What is Nonintervention Mode?

Answer 77

Responders do not operate near the hazardous material, but focus on public protective actions

Question 77

What is the primary purpose of gross decontamination in the emergency response process?

Answer 77

o quickly remove large quantities of contaminants from victims' skin and clothing

Question 78

What is the role of the Entry Team Leader?

Answer 78

Reports to the Hazardous Materials Officer. Responsible for personnel in entry operations. Ensures proper use of PPE, monitoring devices, and equipment. Directs hot zone operations, including detection, product control, and victim rescue.

Question 79

What is the safest tactical option to employ when resources needed to control an incident are unavailable?

Question 80

What type of dam would be most appropriate to contain a spill of a water soluble or miscible material?