NGN2 Genes Flashcards

Question

NRXN1

Answer 1

GENE NAME: neurexin 1. DESCRIPTION: Neuronal cell surface protein involved in cell recognition and cell adhesion by forming intracellular junctions through binding to neuroligins. Plays a role in formation of synaptic junctions. . Cell surface protein involved in cell-cell-interactions, exocytosis of secretory granules and regulation of signal transmission. Function is isoform-specific. Alpha-type isoforms have a long N- terminus with six laminin G-like domains and play an important role in synaptic signal transmission. Alpha-type isoforms play a role in the regulation of calcium channel activity and Ca(2+)-triggered neurotransmitter release at synapses and at neuromuscular junctions. They play an important role in Ca(2+)-triggered exocytosis of secretory granules in pituitary gland. They may affect their functions at synapses and in endocrine cells via their interactions with proteins from the exocytotic machinery. Likewise, alpha-type isoforms play a role in regulating the activity of postsynaptic NMDA receptors, a subtype of glutamate-gated ion channels. Both alpha-type and beta-type isoforms may play a role in the formation or maintenance of synaptic junctions via their interactions (via the extracellular domains) with neuroligin family members, CBLN1 or CBLN2. In vitro, triggers the de novo formation of presynaptic structures. May be involved in specification of excitatory synapses. Alpha-type isoforms were first identified as receptors for alpha-latrotoxin from spider venom. .

Answer 2

GENE NAME: delta/notch like EGF repeat containing. DESCRIPTION: Activator of the NOTCH1 pathway. May mediate neuron-glia interaction during astrocytogenesis (By similarity). .

Answer 3

GENE NAME: calcium voltage-gated channel auxiliary subunit beta 4. DESCRIPTION: The beta subunit of voltage-dependent calcium channels contributes to the function of the calcium channel by increasing peak calcium current, shifting the voltage dependencies of activation and inactivation, modulating G protein inhibition and controlling the alpha-1 subunit membrane targeting. .

Answer 4

GENE NAME: Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 4. DESCRIPTION: Acts as a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) for RHOA, RAC1 and CDC42 GTPases. Binding of APC may activate RAC1 GEF activity. The APC-ARHGEF4 complex seems to be involved in cell migration as well as in E-cadherin-mediated cell-cell adhesion. Required for MMP9 up- regulation via the JNK signaling pathway in colorectal tumor cells. Involved in tumor angiogenesis and may play a role in intestinal adenoma formation and tumor progression. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:10947987, ECO:0000269|PubMed:12598901, ECO:0000269|PubMed:17145773, ECO:0000269|PubMed:17599059, ECO:0000269|PubMed:19893577}.

Answer 5

GENE NAME: LDL receptor related protein 1B. DESCRIPTION: Potential cell surface proteins that bind and internalize ligands in the process of receptor-mediated endocytosis.

Answer 6

GENE NAME: cyclic nucleotide gated channel subunit alpha 3. DESCRIPTION: Visual signal transduction is mediated by a G-protein coupled cascade using cGMP as second messenger. This protein can be activated by cyclic GMP which leads to an opening of the cation channel and thereby causing a depolarization of cone photoreceptors. Induced a flickering channel gating, weakened the outward rectification in the presence of extracellular calcium, increased sensitivity for L-cis diltiazem and enhanced the cAMP efficacy of the channel when coexpressed with CNGB3 (By similarity). Essential for the generation of light-evoked electrical responses in the red-, green- and blue sensitive cones. .

Answer 7

GENE NAME: phosphotyrosine interaction domain containing 1. DESCRIPTION: Increases proliferation of preadipocytes without affecting adipocytic differentiation. .

Answer 8

GENE NAME: potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 7. DESCRIPTION: Pore-forming (alpha) subunit of voltage-gated potassium channel. Channel properties may be modulated by cAMP and subunit assembly.

Answer 9

GENE NAME: solute carrier family 8 member A1. DESCRIPTION: Mediates the exchange of one Ca(2+) ion against three to four Na(+) ions across the cell membrane, and thereby contributes to the regulation of cytoplasmic Ca(2+) levels and Ca(2+)-dependent cellular processes (PubMed:1374913, PubMed:11241183, PubMed:1476165). Contributes to Ca(2+) transport during excitation-contraction coupling in muscle (PubMed:1374913, PubMed:11241183, PubMed:1476165). In a first phase, voltage-gated channels mediate the rapid increase of cytoplasmic Ca(2+) levels due to release of Ca(2+) stores from the endoplasmic reticulum (PubMed:1374913, PubMed:11241183, PubMed:1476165). SLC8A1 mediates the export of Ca(2+) from the cell during the next phase, so that cytoplasmic Ca(2+) levels rapidly return to baseline (PubMed:1374913, PubMed:11241183, PubMed:1476165). Required for normal embryonic heart development and the onset of heart contractions (By similarity). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P70414, ECO:0000269|PubMed:11241183, ECO:0000269|PubMed:1374913, ECO:0000269|PubMed:1476165}.

Answer 10

GENE NAME: neuronal tyrosine-phosphorylated phosphoinositide-3-kinase adaptor 2. DESCRIPTION: Activates PI3K and concomitantly recruits the WAVE1 complex to the close vicinity of PI3K and regulates neuronal morphogenesis. .

Answer 11

GENE NAME: growth associated protein 43. DESCRIPTION: This protein is associated with nerve growth. It is a major component of the motile 'growth cones' that form the tips of elongating axons. Plays a role in axonal and dendritic filopodia induction. .

Answer 12

GENE NAME: synaptoporin. DESCRIPTION: Intrinsic membrane protein of small synaptic vesicles. Probable vesicular channel protein (By similarity). .

Answer 13

GENE NAME: CaM kinase like vesicle associated. DESCRIPTION: Does not appear to have detectable kinase activity.

Answer 14

GENE NAME: adenylate cyclase 5. DESCRIPTION: Catalyzes the formation of the signaling molecule cAMP in response to G-protein signaling (PubMed:15385642, PubMed:26206488, PubMed:24700542). Mediates signaling downstream of ADRB1 (PubMed:24700542). Regulates the increase of free cytosolic Ca(2+) in response to increased blood glucose levels and contributes to the regulation of Ca(2+)-dependent insulin secretion (PubMed:24740569). {ECO:0000269|PubMed:15385642, ECO:0000269|PubMed:24700542, ECO:0000269|PubMed:24740569, ECO:0000269|PubMed:26206488}.

Answer 15

GENE NAME: roundabout guidance receptor 2. DESCRIPTION: Receptor for SLIT2, and probably SLIT1, which are thought to act as molecular guidance cue in cellular migration, including axonal navigation at the ventral midline of the neural tube and projection of axons to different regions during neuronal development.

Answer 16

GENE NAME: calsyntenin 2. DESCRIPTION: Postsynaptic adhesion molecule that binds to presynaptic neurexins to mediate synapse formation, and which is involved in learning and memory (By similarity). Promotes synapse development by acting as a cell adhesion molecule at the postsynaptic membrane, which associates with neurexin-alpha at the presynaptic membrane (By similarity). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q99JH7, ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q9ER65}.

Answer 17

GENE NAME: limbic system associated membrane protein. DESCRIPTION: Mediates selective neuronal growth and axon targeting. Contributes to the guidance of developing axons and remodeling of mature circuits in the limbic system. Essential for normal growth of the hippocampal mossy fiber projection (By similarity). .

Answer 18

GENE NAME: calcium voltage-gated channel auxiliary subunit alpha2delta 3. DESCRIPTION: The alpha-2/delta subunit of voltage-dependent calcium channels regulates calcium current density and activation/inactivation kinetics of the calcium channel. Acts as a regulatory subunit for P/Q- type calcium channel (CACNA1A), N-type (CACNA1B), L-type (CACNA1C OR CACNA1D) but not T-type (CACNA1G) (By similarity). .

Answer 19

GENE NAME: dedicator of cytokinesis 3. DESCRIPTION: Potential guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF). GEF proteins activate some small GTPases by exchanging bound GDP for free GTP. Its interaction with presenilin proteins as well as its ability to stimulate Tau/MAPT phosphorylation suggest that it may be involved in Alzheimer disease. Ectopic expression in nerve cells decreases the secretion of amyloid-beta APBA1 protein and lowers the rate of cell- substratum adhesion, suggesting that it may affect the function of some small GTPase involved in the regulation of actin cytoskeleton or cell adhesion receptors (By similarity). .

Answer 20

GENE NAME: calcium voltage-gated channel auxiliary subunit alpha2delta 2. DESCRIPTION: The alpha-2/delta subunit of voltage-dependent calcium channels regulates calcium current density and activation/inactivation kinetics of the calcium channel. Acts as a regulatory subunit for P/Q- type calcium channel (CACNA1A), N-type (CACNA1B), L-type (CACNA1C OR CACNA1D) and possibly T-type (CACNA1G) (PubMed:15111129, PubMed:23339110). Overexpression induces apoptosis. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:12555074, ECO:0000269|PubMed:15111129, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23339110}.

Answer 21

GENE NAME: contactin 3. DESCRIPTION: Contactins mediate cell surface interactions during nervous system development. Has some neurite outgrowth-promoting activity (By similarity). .

Answer 22

GENE NAME: EPH receptor A6. DESCRIPTION: Receptor tyrosine kinase which binds promiscuously GPI- anchored ephrin-A family ligands residing on adjacent cells, leading to contact-dependent bidirectional signaling into neighboring cells. The signaling pathway downstream of the receptor is referred to as forward signaling while the signaling pathway downstream of the ephrin ligand is referred to as reverse signaling (By similarity). .

Answer 23

GENE NAME: solute carrier family 10 member 4. DESCRIPTION: Transporter for bile acids. .

Answer 24

GENE NAME: FH2 domain containing 1. DESCRIPTION: Microtubule-associated formin which regulates both actin and microtubule dynamics. Induces microtubule acetylation and stabilization and actin stress fiber formation (PubMed:18815276). Regulates Golgi ribbon formation (PubMed:26564798). Required for normal cilia assembly. Early in cilia assembly, may assist in the maturation and positioning of the centrosome/basal body, and once cilia assembly has initiated, may also promote cilia elongation by inhibiting disassembly (PubMed:29742020). {ECO:0000269|PubMed:18815276, ECO:0000269|PubMed:26564798, ECO:0000269|PubMed:29742020}.

Answer 25

GENE NAME: glutamate ionotropic receptor AMPA type subunit 2. DESCRIPTION: Receptor for glutamate that functions as a ligand-gated ion channel in the central nervous system (PubMed:31300657). It plays an important role in excitatory synaptic transmission. L-glutamate acts as an excitatory neurotransmitter at many synapses in the central nervous system. Binding of the excitatory neurotransmitter L-glutamate induces a conformation change, leading to the opening of the cation channel, and thereby converts the chemical signal to an electrical impulse. The receptor then desensitizes rapidly and enters a transient inactive state, characterized by the presence of bound agonist. In the presence of CACNG4 or CACNG7 or CACNG8, shows resensitization which is characterized by a delayed accumulation of current flux upon continued application of glutamate. Through complex formation with NSG1, GRIP1 and STX12 controls the intracellular fate of AMPAR and the endosomal sorting of the GRIA2 subunit toward recycling and membrane targeting (By similarity). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P19491, ECO:0000269|PubMed:20614889, ECO:0000269|PubMed:31300657}.

Answer 26

GENE NAME: sortilin related VPS10 domain containing receptor 2. DESCRIPTION: The heterodimer formed by NGFR and SORCS2 functions as receptor for the precursor forms of NGF (proNGF) and BDNF (proBDNF) (PubMed:22155786, PubMed:24908487). ProNGF and proBDNF binding both promote axon growth cone collapse (in vitro) (PubMed:22155786, PubMed:24908487). Plays a role in the regulation of dendritic spine density in hippocampus neurons (By similarity). Required for normal neurite branching and extension in response to BDNF (PubMed:27457814). Plays a role in BDNF-dependent hippocampal synaptic plasticity. Together with NGFR and NTRK2, is required both for BDNF-mediated synaptic long-term depression and long-term potentiation (PubMed:27457814). ProNGF binding promotes dissociation of TRIO from the heterodimer, which leads to inactivation of RAC1 and/or RAC2 and subsequent reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton (PubMed:22155786). Together with the retromer complex subunit VPS35, required for normal expression of GRIN2A at synapses and dendritic cell membranes. Required for normal expression of the amino acid transporter SLC1A1 at the cell membrane, and thereby contributes to protect cells against oxidative stress (By similarity). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q9EPR5, ECO:0000269|PubMed:22155786, ECO:0000269|PubMed:24908487, ECO:0000269|PubMed:27457814}. [SorCS2 122 kDa chain]: Does not promote Schwann cell apoptosis in response to proBDNF. . SorCS2 104 kDa chain and SorCS2 18 kDa chain together promote Schwann cell apoptosis in response to proBDNF. .

Answer 27

GENE NAME: secreted frizzled related protein 2. DESCRIPTION: Soluble frizzled-related proteins (sFRPS) function as modulators of Wnt signaling through direct interaction with Wnts. They have a role in regulating cell growth and differentiation in specific cell types. SFRP2 may be important for eye retinal development and for myogenesis.

Answer 28

GENE NAME: glycoprotein M6A. DESCRIPTION: Involved in neuronal differentiation, including differentiation and migration of neuronal stem cells. Plays a role in neuronal plasticity and is involved in neurite and filopodia outgrowth, filopodia motility and probably synapse formation. GPM6A-induced filopodia formation involves mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and Src signaling pathways. May be involved in neuronal NGF-dependent Ca(2+) influx. May be involved in regulation of endocytosis and intracellular trafficking of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs); enhances internalization and recycling of mu-type opioid receptor. .

Answer 29

GENE NAME: mab-21 like 2. DESCRIPTION: Required for several aspects of embryonic development including normal development of the eye. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:24906020, ECO:0000269|PubMed:25719200}.

Answer 30

GENE NAME: protocadherin alpha 4. DESCRIPTION: Calcium-dependent cell-adhesion protein involved in cells self-recognition and non-self discrimination. Thereby, it is involved in the establishment and maintenance of specific neuronal connections in the brain. .

Answer 31

GENE NAME: tubulin polymerization promoting protein. DESCRIPTION: Regulator of microtubule dynamics that plays a key role in myelination by promoting elongation of the myelin sheath (PubMed:31522887). Acts as a microtubule nucleation factor in oligodendrocytes: specifically localizes to the postsynaptic Golgi apparatus region, also named Golgi outpost, and promotes microtubule nucleation, an important step for elongation of the myelin sheath (PubMed:31522887, PubMed:33831707). Required for both uniform polarized growth of distal microtubules as well as directing the branching of proximal processes (PubMed:31522887). Shows magnesium-dependent GTPase activity; the role of the GTPase activity is unclear (PubMed:21995432, PubMed:21316364). In addition to microtubule nucleation activity, also involved in microtubule bundling and stabilization of existing microtubules, thereby maintaining the integrity of the microtubule network (PubMed:17105200, PubMed:17693641, PubMed:18028908, PubMed:26289831). Regulates microtubule dynamics by promoting tubulin acetylation: acts by inhibiting the tubulin deacetylase activity of HDAC6 (PubMed:20308065, PubMed:23093407). Also regulates cell migration: phosphorylation by ROCK1 inhibits interaction with HDAC6, resulting in decreased acetylation of tubulin and increased cell motility (PubMed:23093407). Plays a role in cell proliferation by regulating the G1/S-phase transition (PubMed:23355470). Involved in astral microtubule organization and mitotic spindle orientation during early stage of mitosis; this process is regulated by phosphorylation by LIMK2 (PubMed:22328514). {ECO:0000269|PubMed:17105200, ECO:0000269|PubMed:17693641, ECO:0000269|PubMed:18028908, ECO:0000269|PubMed:20308065, ECO:0000269|PubMed:21316364, ECO:0000269|PubMed:21995432, ECO:0000269|PubMed:22328514, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23093407, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23355470, ECO:0000269|PubMed:26289831, ECO:0000269|PubMed:31522887}.

Answer 32

GENE NAME: protocadherin alpha 12. DESCRIPTION: Potential calcium-dependent cell-adhesion protein. May be involved in the establishment and maintenance of specific neuronal connections in the brain.

Answer 33

GENE NAME: protocadherin alpha 2. DESCRIPTION: Potential calcium-dependent cell-adhesion protein. May be involved in the establishment and maintenance of specific neuronal connections in the brain.

Answer 34

GENE NAME: gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor subunit beta2. DESCRIPTION: Ligand-gated chloride channel which is a component of the heteropentameric receptor for GABA, the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain (PubMed:8264558, PubMed:19763268, PubMed:27789573, PubMed:29950725). Plays an important role in the formation of functional inhibitory GABAergic synapses in addition to mediating synaptic inhibition as a GABA-gated ion channel (PubMed:23909897, PubMed:25489750). The gamma2 subunit is necessary but not sufficient for a rapid formation of active synaptic contacts and the synaptogenic effect of this subunit is influenced by the type of alpha and beta subunits present in the receptor pentamer (By similarity). The alpha1/beta2/gamma2 receptor and the alpha2/beta2/gamma2 receptor exhibit synaptogenic activity (PubMed:23909897, PubMed:25489750). Functions also as histamine receptor and mediates cellular responses to histamine (By similarity). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P63137, ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P63138, ECO:0000269|PubMed:19763268, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23909897, ECO:0000269|PubMed:25489750, ECO:0000269|PubMed:27789573, ECO:0000269|PubMed:29950725, ECO:0000269|PubMed:8264558}.

Answer 35

GENE NAME: gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor subunit gamma2. DESCRIPTION: Ligand-gated chloride channel which is a component of the heteropentameric receptor for GABA, the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain (PubMed:2538761, PubMed:29950725). Plays an important role in the formation of functional inhibitory GABAergic synapses in addition to mediating synaptic inhibition as a GABA-gated ion channel (PubMed:23909897, PubMed:25489750, PubMed:27864268). The gamma2 subunit is necessary but not sufficient for a rapid formation of active synaptic contacts and the synaptogenic effect of this subunit is influenced by the type of alpha and beta subunits present in the receptor pentamer (By similarity). The alpha1/beta2/gamma2 receptor and the alpha1/beta3/gamma2 receptor exhibit synaptogenic activity (PubMed:23909897, PubMed:25489750). The alpha2/beta2/gamma2 receptor exhibits synatogenic activity whereas the alpha2/beta3/gamma2 receptor shows very little or no synaptogenic activity (By similarity). Functions also as histamine receptor and mediates cellular responses to histamine (By similarity). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P22723, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23909897, ECO:0000269|PubMed:2538761, ECO:0000269|PubMed:25489750, ECO:0000269|PubMed:27864268, ECO:0000269|PubMed:29950725}.

Answer 36

GENE NAME: semaphorin 5A. DESCRIPTION: Bifunctional axonal guidance cue regulated by sulfated proteoglycans; attractive effects result from interactions with heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs), while the inhibitory effects depend on interactions with chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) (By similarity). Ligand for receptor PLXNB3. In glioma cells, SEMA5A stimulation of PLXNB3 results in the disassembly of F-actin stress fibers, disruption of focal adhesions and cellular collapse as well as inhibition of cell migration and invasion through ARHGDIA-mediated inactivation of RAC1. May promote angiogenesis by increasing endothelial cell proliferation and migration and inhibiting apoptosis. {ECO:0000250, ECO:0000269|PubMed:15218527, ECO:0000269|PubMed:19850054, ECO:0000269|PubMed:20696765, ECO:0000269|PubMed:21706053}.

Answer 37

GENE NAME: teneurin transmembrane protein 2. DESCRIPTION: Involved in neural development, regulating the establishment of proper connectivity within the nervous system. Promotes the formation of filopodia and enlarged growth cone in neuronal cells. Induces homophilic cell-cell adhesion (By similarity). May function as a cellular signal transducer. {ECO:0000250, ECO:0000269|PubMed:21724987}. [Isoform 2]: Acts as a ligand of the ADGRL1 receptor. Mediates axon guidance and heterophilic cell-cell adhesion. . [Ten-2 intracellular domain]: Induces gene transcription inhibition. .

Answer 38

GENE NAME: 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA lyase like 1. DESCRIPTION: Non-mitochondrial 3-hydroxymethyl-3-methylglutaryl-CoA lyase that catalyzes a cation-dependent cleavage of (S)-3-hydroxy-3- methylglutaryl-CoA into acetyl-CoA and acetoacetate, a key step in ketogenesis, the products of which support energy production in nonhepatic animal tissues. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:22847177, ECO:0000269|PubMed:22865860}.

Answer 39

GENE NAME: lin-28 homolog B. DESCRIPTION: Suppressor of microRNA (miRNA) biogenesis, including that of let-7 and possibly of miR107, miR-143 and miR-200c. Binds primary let-7 transcripts (pri-let-7), including pri-let-7g and pri-let-7a-1, and sequester them in the nucleolus, away from the microprocessor complex, hence preventing their processing into mature miRNA (PubMed:22118463). Does not act on pri-miR21 (PubMed:22118463). The repression of let-7 expression is required for normal development and contributes to maintain the pluripotent state of embryonic stem cells by preventing let-7-mediated differentiation. When overexpressed, recruits ZCCHC11/TUT4 uridylyltransferase to pre-let-7 transcripts, leading to their terminal uridylation and degradation (PubMed:19703396). This activity might not be relevant in vivo, as LIN28B-mediated inhibition of let-7 miRNA maturation appears to be ZCCHC11-independent (PubMed:22118463). Interaction with target pre-miRNAs occurs via an 5'- GGAG-3' motif in the pre-miRNA terminal loop. Mediates MYC-induced let- 7 repression (By similarity). When overexpressed, isoform 1 stimulates growth of the breast adenocarcinoma cell line MCF-7. Isoform 2 has no effect on cell growth. {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q45KJ6, ECO:0000269|PubMed:16971064, ECO:0000269|PubMed:18951094, ECO:0000269|PubMed:19703396, ECO:0000269|PubMed:22118463}.

Answer 40

GENE NAME: leucine rich repeat and fibronectin type III domain containing 2. DESCRIPTION: Promotes neurite outgrowth in hippocampal neurons. Enhances the cell surface expression of 2 NMDA receptor subunits GRIN1 and GRIN2A. May play a role in redistributing DLG4 to the cell periphery (By similarity). .

Answer 41

GENE NAME: adhesion G protein-coupled receptor B3. DESCRIPTION: Receptor that plays a role in the regulation of synaptogenesis and dendritic spine formation at least partly via interaction with ELMO1 and RAC1 activity (By similarity). Promotes myoblast fusion through ELMO/DOCK1 (PubMed:24567399). .

Answer 42

GENE NAME: regulator of calcineurin 2. DESCRIPTION: Inhibits calcineurin-dependent transcriptional responses by binding to the catalytic domain of calcineurin A. Could play a role during central nervous system development.

Answer 43

GENE NAME: glutamate ionotropic receptor kainate type subunit 2. DESCRIPTION: Ionotropic glutamate receptor. L-glutamate acts as an excitatory neurotransmitter at many synapses in the central nervous system. Binding of the excitatory neurotransmitter L-glutamate induces a conformation change, leading to the opening of the cation channel, and thereby converts the chemical signal to an electrical impulse. The receptor then desensitizes rapidly and enters a transient inactive state, characterized by the presence of bound agonist (PubMed:28180184). Modulates cell surface expression of NETO2 (By similarity). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P39087, ECO:0000269|PubMed:28180184}. Independent of its ionotropic glutamate receptor activity, acts as a thermoreceptor conferring sensitivity to cold temperatures (PubMed:31474366). Functions in dorsal root ganglion neurons (By similarity). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P39087, ECO:0000269|PubMed:31474366}.

Answer 44

GENE NAME: RHO family interacting cell polarization regulator 2. DESCRIPTION: Acts as an inhibitor of the small GTPase RHOA and plays several roles in the regulation of myoblast and hair cell differentiation, lymphocyte T proliferation and neutrophil polarization (PubMed:17150207, PubMed:24687993, PubMed:23241886, PubMed:24958875, PubMed:25588844, PubMed:27556504). Inhibits chemokine-induced T lymphocyte responses, such as cell adhesion, polarization and migration (PubMed:23241886). Involved also in the regulation of neutrophil polarization, chemotaxis and adhesion (By similarity). Required for normal development of inner and outer hair cell stereocilia within the cochlea of the inner ear (By similarity). Plays a role for maintaining the structural organization of the basal domain of stereocilia (By similarity). Involved in mechanosensory hair cell function (By similarity). Required for normal hearing (PubMed:24958875). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q80U16, ECO:0000269|PubMed:17150207, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23241886, ECO:0000269|PubMed:24687993, ECO:0000269|PubMed:24958875, ECO:0000269|PubMed:27556504}. [Isoform 2]: Acts as an inhibitor of the small GTPase RHOA (PubMed:25588844). Plays a role in fetal mononuclear myoblast differentiation by promoting filopodia and myotube formation (PubMed:17150207). Maintains naive T lymphocytes in a quiescent state (PubMed:27556504). {ECO:0000269|PubMed:17150207, ECO:0000269|PubMed:25588844, ECO:0000269|PubMed:27556504}.

Answer 45

GENE NAME: EPH receptor A7. DESCRIPTION: Receptor tyrosine kinase which binds promiscuously GPI- anchored ephrin-A family ligands residing on adjacent cells, leading to contact-dependent bidirectional signaling into neighboring cells. The signaling pathway downstream of the receptor is referred to as forward signaling while the signaling pathway downstream of the ephrin ligand is referred to as reverse signaling. Among GPI-anchored ephrin-A ligands, EFNA5 is a cognate/functional ligand for EPHA7 and their interaction regulates brain development modulating cell-cell adhesion and repulsion. Has a repellent activity on axons and is for instance involved in the guidance of corticothalamic axons and in the proper topographic mapping of retinal axons to the colliculus. May also regulate brain development through a caspase(CASP3)-dependent proapoptotic activity. Forward signaling may result in activation of components of the ERK signaling pathway including MAP2K1, MAP2K2, MAPK1 and MAPK3 which are phosphorylated upon activation of EPHA7. .

Answer 46

GENE NAME: heparan sulfate-glucosamine 3-sulfotransferase 5. DESCRIPTION: Sulfotransferase that utilizes 3'-phospho-5'-adenylyl sulfate (PAPS) to catalyze the transfer of a sulfo group to position 3 of glucosamine residues in heparan. Catalyzes the rate limiting step in the biosynthesis of heparan sulfate (HSact). This modification is a crucial step in the biosynthesis of anticoagulant heparan sulfate as it completes the structure of the antithrombin pentasaccharide binding site. Also generates GlcUA-GlcNS or IdoUA-GlcNS and IdoUA2S-GlcNH2. The substrate-specific O-sulfation generates an enzyme-modified heparan sulfate which acts as a binding receptor to Herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) and permits its entry. .

Answer 47

GENE NAME: reelin. DESCRIPTION: Extracellular matrix serine protease that plays a role in layering of neurons in the cerebral cortex and cerebellum. Regulates microtubule function in neurons and neuronal migration. Affects migration of sympathetic preganglionic neurons in the spinal cord, where it seems to act as a barrier to neuronal migration. Enzymatic activity is important for the modulation of cell adhesion. Binding to the extracellular domains of lipoprotein receptors VLDLR and LRP8/APOER2 induces tyrosine phosphorylation of DAB1 and modulation of TAU phosphorylation (By similarity). .

Answer 48

GENE NAME: potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily D member 2. DESCRIPTION: Voltage-gated potassium channel that mediates transmembrane potassium transport in excitable membranes, primarily in the brain. Mediates the major part of the dendritic A-type current I(SA) in brain neurons (By similarity). This current is activated at membrane potentials that are below the threshold for action potentials. It regulates neuronal excitability, prolongs the latency before the first spike in a series of action potentials, regulates the frequency of repetitive action potential firing, shortens the duration of action potentials and regulates the back-propagation of action potentials from the neuronal cell body to the dendrites. Contributes to the regulation of the circadian rhythm of action potential firing in suprachiasmatic nucleus neurons, which regulates the circadian rhythm of locomotor activity (By similarity). Functions downstream of the metabotropic glutamate receptor GRM5 and plays a role in neuronal excitability and in nociception mediated by activation of GRM5 (By similarity). Mediates the transient outward current I(to) in rodent heart left ventricle apex cells, but not in human heart, where this current is mediated by another family member. Forms tetrameric potassium-selective channels through which potassium ions pass in accordance with their electrochemical gradient (PubMed:10551270, PubMed:15454437, PubMed:14695263, PubMed:14623880, PubMed:14980201, PubMed:16934482, PubMed:24811166, PubMed:24501278). The channel alternates between opened and closed conformations in response to the voltage difference across the membrane (PubMed:11507158). Can form functional homotetrameric channels and heterotetrameric channels that contain variable proportions of KCND2 and KCND3; channel properties depend on the type of pore-forming alpha subunits that are part of the channel. In vivo, membranes probably contain a mixture of heteromeric potassium channel complexes. Interaction with specific isoforms of the regulatory subunits KCNIP1, KCNIP2, KCNIP3 or KCNIP4 strongly increases expression at the cell surface and thereby increases channel activity; it modulates the kinetics of channel activation and inactivation, shifts the threshold for channel activation to more negative voltage values, shifts the threshold for inactivation to less negative voltages and accelerates recovery after inactivation (PubMed:15454437, PubMed:14623880, PubMed:14980201, PubMed:19171772, PubMed:24501278, PubMed:24811166). Likewise, interaction with DPP6 or DPP10 promotes expression at the cell membrane and regulates both channel characteristics and activity (By similarity). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q63881, ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q9Z0V2, ECO:0000269|PubMed:10551270, ECO:0000269|PubMed:10729221, ECO:0000269|PubMed:11507158, ECO:0000269|PubMed:14623880, ECO:0000269|PubMed:14695263, ECO:0000269|PubMed:14980201, ECO:0000269|PubMed:15454437, ECO:0000269|PubMed:16934482, ECO:0000269|PubMed:19171772, ECO:0000269|PubMed:24501278, ECO:0000269|PubMed:24811166}.

Answer 49

GENE NAME: DENN domain containing 2A. DESCRIPTION: Guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) which may activate RAB9A and RAB9B. Promotes the exchange of GDP to GTP, converting inactive GDP-bound Rab proteins into their active GTP-bound form. May play a role in late endosomes back to trans-Golgi network/TGN transport. .

Answer 50

GENE NAME: semaphorin 3C. DESCRIPTION: Binds to plexin family members and plays an important role in the regulation of developmental processes. Required for normal cardiovascular development during embryogenesis. Functions as attractant for growing axons, and thereby plays an important role in axon growth and axon guidance (By similarity). .

Answer 51

GENE NAME: ADCYAP receptor type I. DESCRIPTION: This is a receptor for PACAP-27 and PACAP-38. The activity of this receptor is mediated by G proteins which activate adenylyl cyclase. May regulate the release of adrenocorticotropin, luteinizing hormone, growth hormone, prolactin, epinephrine, and catecholamine. May play a role in spermatogenesis and sperm motility. Causes smooth muscle relaxation and secretion in the gastrointestinal tract.

Answer 52

GENE NAME: HECT, C2 and WW domain containing E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 1. DESCRIPTION: E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that mediates ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of DVL1. Also targets the mutant SOD1 protein involved in familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (FALS). Forms cytotoxic aggregates with DVL1, SSR3 and mutant SOD1 that lead to motor neuron death in FALS. .

Answer 53

GENE NAME: cortactin binding protein 2. DESCRIPTION: Regulates the dendritic spine distribution of CTTN/cortactin in hippocampal neurons, thus controls dendritic spinogenesis and dendritic spine maintenance. .

Answer 54

GENE NAME: transmembrane protein 74. DESCRIPTION: Plays an essential role in autophagy. TMEM74-induced autophagy may involve PI3K signal transduction. .

Answer 55

GENE NAME: potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily Q member 3. DESCRIPTION: Associates with KCNQ2 or KCNQ5 to form a potassium channel with essentially identical properties to the channel underlying the native M-current, a slowly activating and deactivating potassium conductance which plays a critical role in determining the subthreshold electrical excitability of neurons as well as the responsiveness to synaptic inputs. Therefore, it is important in the regulation of neuronal excitability. KCNQ2-KCNQ3 channel is selectively permeable to other cations besides potassium, in decreasing order of affinity K(+) > Rb(+) > Cs(+) > Na(+). Associates with Na(+)-coupled myo-inositol symporter SLC5A3 forming a coregulatory complex that alters ion selectivity, increasing Na(+) and Cs(+) permeation relative to K(+) permeation (PubMed:28793216). {ECO:0000269|PubMed:11159685, ECO:0000269|PubMed:14534157, ECO:0000269|PubMed:16319223, ECO:0000269|PubMed:28793216, ECO:0000269|PubMed:9872318}.

Answer 56

GENE NAME: potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily B member 2. DESCRIPTION: Voltage-gated potassium channel that mediates transmembrane potassium transport in excitable membranes, primarily in the brain and smooth muscle cells. Channels open or close in response to the voltage difference across the membrane, letting potassium ions pass in accordance with their electrochemical gradient. Homotetrameric channels mediate a delayed-rectifier voltage-dependent outward potassium current that display rapid activation and slow inactivation in response to membrane depolarization. Can form functional homotetrameric and heterotetrameric channels that contain variable proportions of KCNB1; channel properties depend on the type of alpha subunits that are part of the channel. Can also form functional heterotetrameric channels with other alpha subunits that are non-conducting when expressed alone, such as KCNS1 and KCNS2, creating a functionally diverse range of channel complexes. In vivo, membranes probably contain a mixture of heteromeric potassium channel complexes, making it difficult to assign currents observed in intact tissues to any particular potassium channel family member. Contributes to the delayed-rectifier voltage-gated potassium current in cortical pyramidal neurons and smooth muscle cells. .

Answer 57

GENE NAME: GDNF family receptor alpha 2. DESCRIPTION: Receptor for neurturin. Mediates the NRTN-induced autophosphorylation and activation of the RET receptor. Also able to mediate GDNF signaling through the RET tyrosine kinase receptor. [Isoform 2]: Participates in NRTN-induced 'Ser-727' phosphorylation of STAT3. .

Answer 58

GENE NAME: dual specificity phosphatase 26. DESCRIPTION: Inactivates MAPK1 and MAPK3 which leads to dephosphorylation of heat shock factor protein 4 and a reduction in its DNA-binding activity. Inhibits MAP kinase p38 by dephosphorylating it and inhibits p38-mediated apoptosis in anaplastic thyroid cancer cells. Can also induce activation of MAP kinase p38 and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). {ECO:0000269|PubMed:15796912, ECO:0000269|PubMed:16581800, ECO:0000269|PubMed:16924234, ECO:0000269|PubMed:17001450}.

Answer 59

GENE NAME: dynein axonemal intermediate chain 1. DESCRIPTION: Part of the dynein complex of respiratory cilia.

Answer 60

GENE NAME: potassium sodium-activated channel subfamily T member 1. DESCRIPTION: Outwardly rectifying potassium channel subunit that may coassemble with other Slo-type channel subunits. Activated by high intracellular sodium or chloride levels. Activated upon stimulation of G-protein coupled receptors, such as CHRM1 and GRIA1. May be regulated by calcium in the absence of sodium ions (in vitro) (By similarity). .

Answer 61

GENE NAME: solute carrier family 24 member 2. DESCRIPTION: Calcium, potassium:sodium antiporter that transports 1 Ca(2+) and 1 K(+) in exchange for 4 Na(+) (PubMed:10662833, PubMed:26631410). Required for learming and memory by regulating neuronal Ca(2+), which is essential for the development of synaptic plasticity (By similarity). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q8BUN9, ECO:0000269|PubMed:10662833, ECO:0000269|PubMed:26631410}.

Answer 62

GENE NAME: ferric chelate reductase 1 like. DESCRIPTION: Important modulator of glutamate signaling pathway. .

Answer 63

GENE NAME: ELAV like RNA binding protein 2. DESCRIPTION: RNA-binding protein that binds to the 3' untranslated region (3'UTR) of target mRNAs (By similarity). Seems to recognize a GAAA motif (By similarity). Can bind to its own 3'UTR, the FOS 3'UTR and the ID 3'UTR (By similarity). .

Answer 64

GENE NAME: neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase 2. DESCRIPTION: Receptor tyrosine kinase involved in the development and the maturation of the central and the peripheral nervous systems through regulation of neuron survival, proliferation, migration, differentiation, and synapse formation and plasticity (By similarity). Receptor for BDNF/brain-derived neurotrophic factor and NTF4/neurotrophin-4. Alternatively can also bind NTF3/neurotrophin-3 which is less efficient in activating the receptor but regulates neuron survival through NTRK2 (PubMed:7574684, PubMed:15494731). Upon ligand- binding, undergoes homodimerization, autophosphorylation and activation (PubMed:15494731). Recruits, phosphorylates and/or activates several downstream effectors including SHC1, FRS2, SH2B1, SH2B2 and PLCG1 that regulate distinct overlapping signaling cascades. Through SHC1, FRS2, SH2B1, SH2B2 activates the GRB2-Ras-MAPK cascade that regulates for instance neuronal differentiation including neurite outgrowth. Through the same effectors controls the Ras-PI3 kinase-AKT1 signaling cascade that mainly regulates growth and survival. Through PLCG1 and the downstream protein kinase C-regulated pathways controls synaptic plasticity. Thereby, plays a role in learning and memory by regulating both short term synaptic function and long-term potentiation. PLCG1 also leads to NF-Kappa-B activation and the transcription of genes involved in cell survival. Hence, it is able to suppress anoikis, the apoptosis resulting from loss of cell-matrix interactions. May also play a role in neutrophin-dependent calcium signaling in glial cells and mediate communication between neurons and glia. {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P15209, ECO:0000269|PubMed:15494731, ECO:0000269|PubMed:7574684}.

Answer 65

GENE NAME: tenascin C. DESCRIPTION: Extracellular matrix protein implicated in guidance of migrating neurons as well as axons during development, synaptic plasticity as well as neuronal regeneration. Promotes neurite outgrowth from cortical neurons grown on a monolayer of astrocytes. Ligand for integrins alpha-8/beta-1, alpha-9/beta-1, alpha-V/beta-3 and alpha- V/beta-6. In tumors, stimulates angiogenesis by elongation, migration and sprouting of endothelial cells (PubMed:19884327). .

Answer 66

GENE NAME: calcium voltage-gated channel subunit alpha1 B. DESCRIPTION: Voltage-sensitive calcium channels (VSCC) mediate the entry of calcium ions into excitable cells and are also involved in a variety of calcium-dependent processes, including muscle contraction, hormone or neurotransmitter release, gene expression, cell motility, cell division and cell death. This alpha-1B subunit gives rise to N-type calcium currents. N-type calcium channels belong to the 'high-voltage activated' (HVA) group. They are involved in pain signaling. Calcium channels containing alpha-1B subunit may play a role in directed migration of immature neurons. Mediates Ca(2+) release probability at hippocampal neuronal soma and synaptic terminals (By similarity). .

Answer 67

GENE NAME: BMP/retinoic acid inducible neural specific 1. DESCRIPTION: Plays a role in neurogenesis and brain development (By similarity). May suppress cell cycle progression in postmitotic neurons by inhibiting G1/S transition (PubMed:11420708). .

Answer 68

GENE NAME: nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 3. DESCRIPTION: Transcriptional activator that binds to regulatory elements in promoter regions in a cell- and response element (target)-specific manner. Induces gene expression by binding as monomers to the NR4A1 response element (NBRE) 5'-AAAAGGTCA-3' site and as homodimers to the Nur response element (NurRE) site in the promoter of their regulated target genes (By similarity). Plays a role in the regulation of proliferation, survival and differentiation of many different cell types and also in metabolism and inflammation. Mediates proliferation of vascular smooth muscle, myeloid progenitor cell and type B pancreatic cells; promotes mitogen-induced vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation through transactivation of SKP2 promoter by binding a NBRE site (By similarity). Upon PDGF stimulation, stimulates vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation by regulating CCND1 and CCND2 expression. In islets, induces type B pancreatic cell proliferation through up-regulation of genes that activate cell cycle, as well as genes that cause degradation of the CDKN1A (By similarity). Negatively regulates myeloid progenitor cell proliferation by repressing RUNX1 in a NBRE site-independent manner. During inner ear, plays a role as a key mediator of the proliferative growth phase of semicircular canal development (By similarity). Mediates also survival of neuron and smooth muscle cells; mediates CREB-induced neuronal survival, and during hippocampus development, plays a critical role in pyramidal cell survival and axonal guidance. Is required for S phase entry of the cell cycle and survival of smooth muscle cells by inducing CCND1, resulting in RB1 phosphorylation. Binds to NBRE motif in CCND1 promoter, resulting in the activation of the promoter and CCND1 transcription (By similarity). Also plays a role in inflammation; upon TNF stimulation, mediates monocyte adhesion by inducing the expression of VCAM1 and ICAM1 by binding to the NBRE consensus site (By similarity) (PubMed:20558821). In mast cells activated by Fc-epsilon receptor cross-linking, promotes the synthesis and release of cytokines but impairs events leading to degranulation (By similarity). Also plays a role in metabolism; by modulating feeding behavior; and by playing a role in energy balance by inhibiting the glucocorticoid-induced orexigenic neuropeptides AGRP expression, at least in part by forming a complex with activated NR3C1 on the AGRP- glucocorticoid response element (GRE), and thus weakening the DNA binding activity of NR3C1. Upon catecholamines stimulation, regulates gene expression that controls oxidative metabolism in skeletal muscle (By similarity). Plays a role in glucose transport by regulating translocation of the SLC2A4 glucose transporter to the cell surface (PubMed:24022864). Finally, during gastrulation plays a crucial role in the formation of anterior mesoderm by controlling cell migration. Inhibits adipogenesis (By similarity). Also participates in cardiac hypertrophy by activating PARP1 (By similarity). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P51179, ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q9QZB6, ECO:0000269|PubMed:20558821, ECO:0000269|PubMed:24022864}.

Answer 69

GENE NAME: ATPase plasma membrane Ca2+ transporting 3. DESCRIPTION: ATP-driven Ca(2+) ion pump involved in the maintenance of basal intracellular Ca(2+) levels at the presynaptic terminals (PubMed:25953895, PubMed:27035656, PubMed:22912398, PubMed:18029012). Uses ATP as an energy source to transport cytosolic Ca(2+) ions across the plasma membrane to the extracellular compartment (PubMed:25953895, PubMed:27035656). May counter-transport protons, but the mechanism and the stoichiometry of this Ca(2+)/H(+) exchange remains to be established (By similarity). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q64568, ECO:0000269|PubMed:18029012, ECO:0000269|PubMed:22912398, ECO:0000269|PubMed:25953895, ECO:0000269|PubMed:27035656}.

Answer 70

GENE NAME: gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor subunit alpha3. DESCRIPTION: GABA, the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the vertebrate brain, mediates neuronal inhibition by binding to the GABA/benzodiazepine receptor and opening an integral chloride channel. .

Answer 71

GENE NAME: dedicator of cytokinesis 11. DESCRIPTION: Guanine nucleotide-exchange factor (GEF) that activates CDC42 by exchanging bound GDP for free GTP. Required for marginal zone (MZ) B-cell development, is associated with early bone marrow B-cell development, MZ B-cell formation, MZ B-cell number and marginal metallophilic macrophages morphology. Facilitates filopodia formation through the activation of CDC42. .

Answer 72

GENE NAME: zinc finger DHHC-type palmitoyltransferase 15. DESCRIPTION: Palmitoyltransferase that catalyzes the addition of palmitate onto various protein substrates (PubMed:18817523, PubMed:23034182). Has no stringent fatty acid selectivity and in addition to palmitate can also transfer onto target proteins myristate from tetradecanoyl-CoA and stearate from octadecanoyl-CoA (By similarity). Palmitoylates IGF2R and SORT1, promoting their partitioning to an endosomal membrane subdomain where they can interact with the retromer cargo-selective complex (PubMed:18817523). Thereby, regulates retrograde transport from endosomes to the Golgi apparatus of these lysosomal sorting receptors and plays a role in trafficking of lysosomal proteins (PubMed:18817523). In the nervous system, catalyzes the palmitoylation of DLG4/PSD95 and regulates its synaptic clustering and function in synaptogenesis (By similarity). Could be involved in the differentiation of dopaminergic neurons and the development of the diencephalon (By similarity). Could also catalyze the palmitoylation of GAP43 (By similarity). Could also palmitoylate DNAJC5 and regulate its localization to the Golgi membrane (By similarity). Could also palmitoylate FYN as shown in vitro (PubMed:19956733). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:F1QXD3, ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q8BGJ0, ECO:0000269|PubMed:18817523, ECO:0000269|PubMed:19956733, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23034182}.

Answer 73

GENE NAME: X-linked Kx blood group antigen, Kell and VPS13A binding protein. DESCRIPTION: Recruits the lipid transfer protein VPS13A from lipid droplets to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane. .

Answer 74

GENE NAME: glycoprotein M6B. DESCRIPTION: May be involved in neural development. Involved in regulation of osteoblast function and bone formation. Involved in matrix vesicle release by osteoblasts; this function seems to involve maintenance of the actin cytoskeleton. May be involved in cellular trafficking of SERT and thereby in regulation of serotonin uptake. .

Answer 75

GENE NAME: doublecortin. DESCRIPTION: Microtubule-associated protein required for initial steps of neuronal dispersion and cortex lamination during cerebral cortex development. May act by competing with the putative neuronal protein kinase DCLK1 in binding to a target protein. May in that way participate in a signaling pathway that is crucial for neuronal interaction before and during migration, possibly as part of a calcium ion-dependent signal transduction pathway. May be part with PAFAH1B1/LIS-1 of overlapping, but distinct, signaling pathways that promote neuronal migration. .

Answer 76

GENE NAME: glutamate ionotropic receptor AMPA type subunit 3. DESCRIPTION: Receptor for glutamate that functions as a ligand-gated ion channel in the central nervous system and plays an important role in excitatory synaptic transmission. L-glutamate acts as an excitatory neurotransmitter at many synapses in the central nervous system. Binding of the excitatory neurotransmitter L-glutamate induces a conformation change, leading to the opening of the cation channel, and thereby converts the chemical signal to an electrical impulse. The receptor then desensitizes rapidly and enters a transient inactive state, characterized by the presence of bound agonist. In the presence of CACNG4 or CACNG7 or CACNG8, shows resensitization which is characterized by a delayed accumulation of current flux upon continued application of glutamate. .

Answer 77

GENE NAME: neuroligin 4 X-linked. DESCRIPTION: Cell surface protein involved in cell-cell-interactions via its interactions with neurexin family members. .

Answer 78

GENE NAME: connector enhancer of kinase suppressor of Ras 2. DESCRIPTION: May function as an adapter protein or regulator of Ras signaling pathways. .

Answer 79

GENE NAME: protein phosphatase with EF-hand domain 1. DESCRIPTION: May have a role in the recovery or adaptation response of photoreceptors. May have a role in development.

Answer 80

GENE NAME: teneurin transmembrane protein 1. DESCRIPTION: Involved in neural development, regulating the establishment of proper connectivity within the nervous system. May function as a cellular signal transducer (By similarity). . [Teneurin C-terminal-associated peptide]: Plays a role in the regulation of neuroplasticity in the limbic system. Mediates a rapid reorganization of actin- and tubulin-based cytoskeleton elements with an increase in dendritic arborization and spine density formation of neurons in the hippocampus and amygdala. Induces BDNF transcription inhibition in neurons. Activates the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase 2 (MEK2) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) cascade. Acts also as a bioactive neuroprotective peptide on limbic neurons of the brain and regulates stress-induced behavior: attenuates alkalosis-associated necrotic cell death and the effects of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) on c-fos/FOS induction and on the reinstatement of cocaine seeking (By similarity). . [Ten-1 intracellular domain]: Induces gene transcription activation. .

Answer 81

GENE NAME: diacylglycerol kinase kappa. DESCRIPTION: Diacylglycerol kinase that converts diacylglycerol/DAG into phosphatidic acid/phosphatidate/PA and regulates the respective levels of these two bioactive lipids (PubMed:16210324, PubMed:23949095). Thereby, acts as a central switch between the signaling pathways activated by these second messengers with different cellular targets and opposite effects in numerous biological processes (Probable). {ECO:0000269|PubMed:16210324, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23949095, ECO:0000305}.

Answer 82

GENE NAME: dachshund family transcription factor 2. DESCRIPTION: Transcription factor that is involved in regulation of organogenesis. Seems to be a regulator for SIX1 and SIX6. Seems to act as a corepressor of SIX6 in regulating proliferation by directly repressing cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors, including the p27Kip1 promoter. Is recruited with SIX6 to the p27Kip1 promoter in embryonal retina. SIX6 corepression seems also to involve NCOR1, TBL1, HDAC1 and HDAC3. May be involved together with PAX3, SIX1, and EYA2 in regulation of myogenesis. In the developing somite, expression of DACH2 and PAX3 is regulated by the overlying ectoderm, and DACH2 and PAX3 positively regulate each other's expression (By similarity). Probably binds to DNA via its DACHbox-N domain. .

Answer 83

GENE NAME: glycine receptor alpha 2. DESCRIPTION: Glycine receptors are ligand-gated chloride channels. Channel opening is triggered by extracellular glycine (PubMed:2155780, PubMed:15302677, PubMed:16144831, PubMed:23895467, PubMed:25445488, PubMed:26370147, PubMed:34473954). Channel opening is also triggered by taurine and beta-alanine (PubMed:15302677). Plays a role in synaptic plasticity (By similarity). Contributes to the generation of inhibitory postsynaptic currents, and is involved in the down-regulation of neuronal excitability (PubMed:25445488). Plays a role in cellular responses to ethanol (PubMed:23895467). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q7TNC8, ECO:0000269|PubMed:15302677, ECO:0000269|PubMed:16144831, ECO:0000269|PubMed:2155780, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23895467, ECO:0000269|PubMed:25445488, ECO:0000269|PubMed:34473954}.

Answer 84

GENE NAME: RAB39B, member RAS oncogene family. DESCRIPTION: Small GTPases Rab involved in autophagy (PubMed:27103069). The small GTPases Rab are key regulators of intracellular membrane trafficking, from the formation of transport vesicles to their fusion with membranes. Rabs cycle between an inactive GDP-bound form and an active GTP-bound form that is able to recruit to membranes different sets of downstream effectors directly responsible for vesicle formation, movement, tethering and fusion (PubMed:27103069). May regulate the homeostasis of SNCA/alpha-synuclein. Together with PICK1 proposed to ensure selectively GRIA2 exit from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi and to regulate AMPAR compostion at the post- synapses and thus synaptic transmission (By similarity). .

Answer 85

GENE NAME: attractin like 1. DESCRIPTION: May play a role in melanocortin signaling pathways that regulate energy homeostasis. .

Answer 86

GENE NAME: leucine rich glioma inactivated 1. DESCRIPTION: Regulates voltage-gated potassium channels assembled from KCNA1, KCNA4 and KCNAB1. It slows down channel inactivation by precluding channel closure mediated by the KCNAB1 subunit. Ligand for ADAM22 that positively regulates synaptic transmission mediated by AMPA-type glutamate receptors (By similarity). Plays a role in suppressing the production of MMP1/3 through the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/ERK pathway. May play a role in the control of neuroblastoma cell survival. {ECO:0000250, ECO:0000269|PubMed:15047712, ECO:0000269|PubMed:16518856}.

Answer 87

GENE NAME: phytanoyl-CoA 2-hydroxylase interacting protein like. DESCRIPTION: May play a role in the development of the central system. .

Answer 88

GENE NAME: solute carrier family 18 member A3. DESCRIPTION: Electrogenic antiporter that exchanges one cholinergic neurotransmitter, acetylcholine or choline, with two intravesicular protons across the membrane of synaptic vesicles. Uses the electrochemical proton gradient established by the V-type proton-pump ATPase to store neurotransmitters inside the vesicles prior to their release via exocytosis (PubMed:8910293, PubMed:20225888) (By similarity). Determines cholinergic vesicular quantal size at presynaptic nerve terminals in developing neuro-muscular junctions with an impact on motor neuron differentiation and innervation pattern (By similarity). Part of forebrain cholinergic system, regulates hippocampal synapse transmissions that underlie spatial memory formation (By similarity). Can transport serotonin. {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:O35304, ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q62666, ECO:0000269|PubMed:20225888, ECO:0000269|PubMed:25355561, ECO:0000269|PubMed:8910293}.

Answer 89

GENE NAME: G protein regulated inducer of neurite outgrowth 2. DESCRIPTION: May be involved in neurite outgrowth. .

Answer 90

GENE NAME: ADAM metallopeptidase domain 12. DESCRIPTION: Involved in skeletal muscle regeneration, specifically at the onset of cell fusion. Also involved in macrophage-derived giant cells (MGC) and osteoclast formation from mononuclear precursors (By similarity). .

Answer 91

GENE NAME: glutamate ionotropic receptor delta type subunit 1. DESCRIPTION: Receptor for glutamate. L-glutamate acts as an excitatory neurotransmitter at many synapses in the central nervous system. The postsynaptic actions of Glu are mediated by a variety of receptors that are named according to their selective agonists.

Answer 92

GENE NAME: internexin neuronal intermediate filament protein alpha. DESCRIPTION: Class-IV neuronal intermediate filament that is able to self- assemble. It is involved in the morphogenesis of neurons. It may form an independent structural network without the involvement of other neurofilaments or it may cooperate with NEFL to form the filamentous backbone to which NEFM and NEFH attach to form the cross-bridges. May also cooperate with the neuronal intermediate filament protein PRPH to form filamentous networks (By similarity). .

Answer 93

GENE NAME: kinase non-catalytic C-lobe domain containing 1. DESCRIPTION: RAS-Guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) that controls the negative regulation of neuronal dendrite growth by mediating a signaling pathway linking RAS and MAP2 (By similarity). May be involved in cellular senescence (PubMed:24788352). .

Answer 94

GENE NAME: ret proto-oncogene. DESCRIPTION: Receptor tyrosine-protein kinase involved in numerous cellular mechanisms including cell proliferation, neuronal navigation, cell migration, and cell differentiation upon binding with glial cell derived neurotrophic factor family ligands. Phosphorylates PTK2/FAK1. Regulates both cell death/survival balance and positional information. Required for the molecular mechanisms orchestration during intestine organogenesis; involved in the development of enteric nervous system and renal organogenesis during embryonic life, and promotes the formation of Peyer's patch-like structures, a major component of the gut-associated lymphoid tissue. Modulates cell adhesion via its cleavage by caspase in sympathetic neurons and mediates cell migration in an integrin (e.g. ITGB1 and ITGB3)-dependent manner. Involved in the development of the neural crest. Active in the absence of ligand, triggering apoptosis through a mechanism that requires receptor intracellular caspase cleavage. Acts as a dependence receptor; in the presence of the ligand GDNF in somatotrophs (within pituitary), promotes survival and down regulates growth hormone (GH) production, but triggers apoptosis in absence of GDNF. Regulates nociceptor survival and size. Triggers the differentiation of rapidly adapting (RA) mechanoreceptors. Mediator of several diseases such as neuroendocrine cancers; these diseases are characterized by aberrant integrins-regulated cell migration. Mediates, through interaction with GDF15-receptor GFRAL, GDF15-induced cell-signaling in the brainstem which induces inhibition of food-intake. Activates MAPK- and AKT- signaling pathways (PubMed:28846097, PubMed:28953886, PubMed:28846099). Isoform 1 in complex with GFRAL induces higher activation of MAPK- signaling pathway than isoform 2 in complex with GFRAL (PubMed:28846099). {ECO:0000269|PubMed:20064382, ECO:0000269|PubMed:20616503, ECO:0000269|PubMed:20702524, ECO:0000269|PubMed:21357690, ECO:0000269|PubMed:21454698, ECO:0000269|PubMed:28846097, ECO:0000269|PubMed:28846099, ECO:0000269|PubMed:28953886}.

Answer 95

GENE NAME: macroH2A.2 histone. DESCRIPTION: Variant histone H2A which replaces conventional H2A in a subset of nucleosomes where it represses transcription. Nucleosomes wrap and compact DNA into chromatin, limiting DNA accessibility to the cellular machineries which require DNA as a template. Histones thereby play a central role in transcription regulation, DNA repair, DNA replication and chromosomal stability. DNA accessibility is regulated via a complex set of post-translational modifications of histones, also called histone code, and nucleosome remodeling. May be involved in stable X chromosome inactivation. .

Answer 96

GENE NAME: leucine rich repeat transmembrane neuronal 3. DESCRIPTION: Exhibits a limited synaptogenic activity in vitro, restricted to excitatory presynaptic differentiation (By similarity). May play a role in the development and maintenance of the vertebrate nervous system. .

Answer 97

GENE NAME: potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 4. DESCRIPTION: Voltage-gated potassium channel that mediates transmembrane potassium transport in excitable membranes. Forms tetrameric potassium- selective channels through which potassium ions pass in accordance with their electrochemical gradient. The channel alternates between opened and closed conformations in response to the voltage difference across the membrane (PubMed:19912772, PubMed:8495559). Can form functional homotetrameric channels and heterotetrameric channels that contain variable proportions of KCNA1, KCNA2, KCNA4, KCNA5, and possibly other family members as well; channel properties depend on the type of alpha subunits that are part of the channel (PubMed:8495559). Channel properties are modulated by cytoplasmic beta subunits that regulate the subcellular location of the alpha subunits and promote rapid inactivation. In vivo, membranes probably contain a mixture of heteromeric potassium channel complexes, making it difficult to assign currents observed in intact tissues to any particular potassium channel family member. Homotetrameric KCNA4 forms a potassium channel that opens in response to membrane depolarization, followed by rapid spontaneous channel closure (PubMed:19912772, PubMed:8495559). Likewise, a heterotetrameric channel formed by KCNA1 and KCNA4 shows rapid inactivation (PubMed:17156368). {ECO:0000269|PubMed:17156368, ECO:0000269|PubMed:19912772, ECO:0000269|PubMed:27582084, ECO:0000269|PubMed:8495559}.

Answer 98

GENE NAME: contactin 5. DESCRIPTION: Contactins mediate cell surface interactions during nervous system development. Has some neurite outgrowth-promoting activity in the cerebral cortical neurons but not in hippocampal neurons. Probably involved in neuronal activity in the auditory system (By similarity). .

Answer 99

GENE NAME: purinergic receptor P2X 3. DESCRIPTION: Receptor for ATP that acts as a ligand-gated cation channel (PubMed:27626375). Plays a role in sensory perception. Required for normal perception of pain. Required for normal taste perception (By similarity). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q3UR32, ECO:0000269|PubMed:27626375}.

Answer 100

GENE NAME: solute carrier family 1 member 2. DESCRIPTION: Sodium-dependent, high-affinity amino acid transporter that mediates the uptake of L-glutamate and also L-aspartate and D-aspartate (PubMed:7521911, PubMed:14506254, PubMed:15265858, PubMed:26690923). Functions as a symporter that transports one amino acid molecule together with two or three Na(+) ions and one proton, in parallel with the counter-transport of one K(+) ion (PubMed:14506254). Mediates Cl(-) flux that is not coupled to amino acid transport; this avoids the accumulation of negative charges due to aspartate and Na(+) symport (PubMed:14506254). Essential for the rapid removal of released glutamate from the synaptic cleft, and for terminating the postsynaptic action of glutamate (By similarity). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P43006, ECO:0000269|PubMed:15265858, ECO:0000269|PubMed:26690923, ECO:0000269|PubMed:7521911}.

Answer 101

GENE NAME: immunoglobulin superfamily member 9B. DESCRIPTION: Transmembrane protein which is abundantly expressed in interneurons, where it may regulate inhibitory synapse development. May mediate homophilic cell adhesion. {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:D3ZB51, ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:E9PZ19}.

Answer 102

GENE NAME: synaptotagmin 13. DESCRIPTION: May be involved in transport vesicle docking to the plasma membrane. .

Answer 103

GENE NAME: RAB39A, member RAS oncogene family. DESCRIPTION: Plays a role in the maturation and acidification of phagosomes that engulf pathogens, such as S.aureus and M.tuberculosis. Plays a role in vesicular trafficking. Plays a role in the fusion of phagosomes with lysosomes. Negatively regulates LPS-induced autophagosome formation in macrophages possibly by implicating PI3K (PubMed:24349490). May be involved in multiple neurite formation (By similarity). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q8BHD0, ECO:0000269|PubMed:21255211, ECO:0000269|PubMed:24349490}.

Answer 104

GENE NAME: metallophosphoesterase domain containing 2. DESCRIPTION: Displays low metallophosphoesterase activity (in vitro). May play a role in the development of the nervous system. .

Answer 105

GENE NAME: FAT atypical cadherin 3. DESCRIPTION: May play a role in the interactions between neurites derived from specific subsets of neurons during development. .

Answer 106

GENE NAME: solute carrier family 17 member 6. DESCRIPTION: Multifunctional transporter that transports L-glutamate as well as multiple ions such as chloride, proton, potassium, sodium and phosphate (PubMed:33440152, PubMed:11698620). At the synaptic vesicle membrane, mainly functions as a uniporter which transports preferentially L-glutamate but also, phosphate from the cytoplasm into synaptic vesicles at presynaptic nerve terminals of excitatory neural cells (PubMed:11698620). The L-glutamate or phosphate uniporter activity is electrogenic and is driven by the proton electrochemical gradient, mainly by the electrical gradient established by the vacuolar H(+)-ATPase across the synaptic vesicle membrane (PubMed:11698620). In addition, functions as a chloride channel that allows the chloride permeation through the synaptic vesicle membrane therefore affects the proton electrochemical gradient and promotes synaptic vesicles acidification (By similarity). Moreover, functions as a vesicular K(+)/H(+) antiport allowing to maintain the electrical gradient and to decrease chemical gradient and therefore sustain vesicular glutamate uptake (By similarity). The vesicular H(+)/H(+) antiport activity is electroneutral (By similarity). At the plasma membrane, following exocytosis, functions as a symporter of Na(+) and phosphate from the extracellular space to the cytoplasm allowing synaptic phosphate homeostasis regulation (Probable) (PubMed:10820226). The symporter activity is driven by an inside negative membrane potential and is electrogenic (Probable). Also involved in the regulation of retinal hyaloid vessel regression during postnatal development (By similarity). May also play a role in the endocrine glutamatergic system of other tissues such as pineal gland and pancreas (By similarity). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q8BLE7, ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q9JI12, ECO:0000269|PubMed:10820226, ECO:0000269|PubMed:11698620, ECO:0000305|PubMed:33440152}.

Answer 107

GENE NAME: beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1. DESCRIPTION: Involved in the biosynthesis of L2/HNK-1 carbohydrate epitope on glycoproteins. Can also play a role in glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis. Substrates include asialo-orosomucoid (ASOR), asialo- fetuin, and asialo-neural cell adhesion molecule. Requires sphingomyelin for activity: stearoyl-sphingomyelin was the most effective, followed by palmitoyl-sphingomyelin and lignoceroyl- sphingomyelin. Activity was demonstrated only for sphingomyelin with a saturated fatty acid and not for that with an unsaturated fatty acid, regardless of the length of the acyl group. .

Answer 108

GENE NAME: guanylate cyclase 1 soluble subunit alpha 2. DESCRIPTION: Has guanylyl cyclase on binding to the beta-1 subunit. Isoform 2 acts as a negative regulator of guanylyl cyclase activity as it forms non-functional heterodimers with the beta subunits.

Answer 109

GENE NAME: neural cell adhesion molecule 1. DESCRIPTION: This protein is a cell adhesion molecule involved in neuron- neuron adhesion, neurite fasciculation, outgrowth of neurites, etc. (Microbial infection) Acts as a receptor for rabies virus. . (Microbial infection) Acts as a receptor for Zika virus. .

Answer 110

GENE NAME: SH3 and multiple ankyrin repeat domains 2. DESCRIPTION: Seems to be an adapter protein in the postsynaptic density (PSD) of excitatory synapses that interconnects receptors of the postsynaptic membrane including NMDA-type and metabotropic glutamate receptors, and the actin-based cytoskeleton. May play a role in the structural and functional organization of the dendritic spine and synaptic junction.

Answer 111

GENE NAME: neurexin 2. DESCRIPTION: Neuronal cell surface protein that may be involved in cell recognition and cell adhesion. Neuronal cell surface protein that may be involved in cell recognition and cell adhesion. May mediate intracellular signaling.

Answer 112

GENE NAME: contactin 1. DESCRIPTION: Contactins mediate cell surface interactions during nervous system development. Involved in the formation of paranodal axo-glial junctions in myelinated peripheral nerves and in the signaling between axons and myelinating glial cells via its association with CNTNAP1. Participates in oligodendrocytes generation by acting as a ligand of NOTCH1. Its association with NOTCH1 promotes NOTCH1 activation through the released notch intracellular domain (NICD) and subsequent translocation to the nucleus. Interaction with TNR induces a repulsion of neurons and an inhibition of neurite outgrowth (By similarity). .

Answer 113

GENE NAME: rabphilin 3A. DESCRIPTION: Plays an essential role in docking and fusion steps of regulated exocytosis (By similarity). At the presynaptic level, RPH3A is recruited by RAB3A to the synaptic vesicle membrane in a GTP- dependent manner where it modulates synaptic vesicle trafficking and calcium-triggered neurotransmitter release (By similarity). In the post-synaptic compartment, forms a ternary complex with GRIN2A and DLG4 and regulates NMDA receptor stability. Also plays a role in the exocytosis of arginine vasopressin hormone (By similarity). .

Answer 114

GENE NAME: IQ motif and Sec7 domain ArfGEF 3. DESCRIPTION: Acts as a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) for ARF1. .

Answer 115

GENE NAME: LIM homeobox 5. DESCRIPTION: Plays an essential role in the regulation of neuronal differentiation and migration during development of the central nervous system.

Answer 116

GENE NAME: glutaminase 2. DESCRIPTION: Plays an important role in the regulation of glutamine catabolism. Promotes mitochondrial respiration and increases ATP generation in cells by catalyzing the synthesis of glutamate and alpha- ketoglutarate. Increases cellular anti-oxidant function via NADH and glutathione production. May play a role in preventing tumor proliferation. .

Answer 117

GENE NAME: kinesin family member 5A. DESCRIPTION: Microtubule-dependent motor required for slow axonal transport of neurofilament proteins (NFH, NFM and NFL). Can induce formation of neurite-like membrane protrusions in non-neuronal cells in a ZFYVE27-dependent manner. The ZFYVE27-KIF5A complex contributes to the vesicular transport of VAPA, VAPB, SURF4, RAB11A, RAB11B and RTN3 proteins in neurons. Required for anterograde axonal transportation of MAPK8IP3/JIP3 which is essential for MAPK8IP3/JIP3 function in axon elongation. {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P33175, ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q6QLM7}.

Answer 118

GENE NAME: cut like homeobox 2. DESCRIPTION: Transcription factor involved in the control of neuronal proliferation and differentiation in the brain. Regulates dendrite development and branching, dendritic spine formation, and synaptogenesis in cortical layers II-III. Binds to DNA in a sequence- specific manner. .

Answer 119

GENE NAME: beta-1,4-N-acetyl-galactosaminyltransferase 1. DESCRIPTION: Involved in the biosynthesis of gangliosides GM2, GD2, GT2 and GA2 from GM3, GD3, GT3 and GA3, respectively. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:1601877, ECO:0000269|PubMed:7487055, ECO:0000269|PubMed:7890749}.

Answer 120

GENE NAME: peripherin. DESCRIPTION: Class-III neuronal intermediate filament protein (By similarity). May form an independent structural network without the involvement of other neurofilaments or may cooperate with the neuronal intermediate filament proteins NEFL, NEFH, NEFM and INA to form a filamentous network (PubMed:15446584, PubMed:15322088). Assembly of the neuronal intermediate filaments may be regulated by RAB7A (By similarity). Plays a role in the development of unmyelinated sensory neurons (By similarity). May be involved in axon elongation and axon regeneration after injury (By similarity). Inhibits neurite extension in type II spiral ganglion neurons in the cochlea (By similarity). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P15331, ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P21807, ECO:0000269|PubMed:15322088, ECO:0000269|PubMed:15446584}.

Answer 121

GENE NAME: neurexophilin 4. DESCRIPTION: May be signaling molecules that resemble neuropeptides and that act by binding to alpha-neurexins and possibly other receptors. .

Answer 122

GENE NAME: glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 2B. DESCRIPTION: Component of NMDA receptor complexes that function as heterotetrameric, ligand-gated ion channels with high calcium permeability and voltage-dependent sensitivity to magnesium. Channel activation requires binding of the neurotransmitter glutamate to the epsilon subunit, glycine binding to the zeta subunit, plus membrane depolarization to eliminate channel inhibition by Mg(2+) (PubMed:8768735, PubMed:26919761, PubMed:26875626, PubMed:28126851). Sensitivity to glutamate and channel kinetics depend on the subunit composition (PubMed:8768735, PubMed:26875626). In concert with DAPK1 at extrasynaptic sites, acts as a central mediator for stroke damage. Its phosphorylation at Ser-1303 by DAPK1 enhances synaptic NMDA receptor channel activity inducing injurious Ca2+ influx through them, resulting in an irreversible neuronal death. Contributes to neural pattern formation in the developing brain. Plays a role in long-term depression (LTD) of hippocampus membrane currents and in synaptic plasticity (By similarity). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q01097, ECO:0000269|PubMed:26875626, ECO:0000269|PubMed:26919761, ECO:0000269|PubMed:28126851, ECO:0000269|PubMed:8768735}.

Answer 123

GENE NAME: ST8 alpha-N-acetyl-neuraminide alpha-2,8-sialyltransferase 1. DESCRIPTION: Catalyzes the addition of sialic acid in alpha 2,8-linkage to the sialic acid moiety of the ganglioside GM3 to form ganglioside GD3; gangliosides are a subfamily of complex glycosphingolipds that contain one or more residues of sialic acid (PubMed:7937974, PubMed:8058740, PubMed:8195250, PubMed:8631981, PubMed:8706663, PubMed:18348864, PubMed:22885356). Can catalyze the addition of a second alpha-2,8- sialic acid to GD3 to form GT3 (PubMed:8631981). Can use GM1b, GD1a and GT1b as acceptor substrates to synthesize GD1c, GT1a and GQ1b respectively (PubMed:8706663). Can synthesize unusual tetra- and pentasialylated lactosylceramide derivatives identified as GQ3 (II3Neu5Ac4-Gg2Cer) and GP3 (II3Neu5Ac5-Gg2Cer) in breast cancer cells (PubMed:22885356). {ECO:0000269|PubMed:18348864, ECO:0000269|PubMed:22885356, ECO:0000269|PubMed:7937974, ECO:0000269|PubMed:8058740, ECO:0000269|PubMed:8195250, ECO:0000269|PubMed:8631981, ECO:0000269|PubMed:8706663}.

Answer 124

GENE NAME: phosphodiesterase 1B. DESCRIPTION: Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase with a dual specificity for the second messengers cAMP and cGMP, which are key regulators of many important physiological processes (PubMed:8855339, PubMed:9419816, PubMed:15260978). Has a preference for cGMP as a substrate (PubMed:9419816). {ECO:0000269|PubMed:15260978, ECO:0000269|PubMed:8855339, ECO:0000269|PubMed:9419816}.

Answer 125

GENE NAME: glutamate receptor interacting protein 1. DESCRIPTION: May play a role as a localized scaffold for the assembly of a multiprotein signaling complex and as mediator of the trafficking of its binding partners at specific subcellular location in neurons (PubMed:10197531). Through complex formation with NSG1, GRIA2 and STX12 controls the intracellular fate of AMPAR and the endosomal sorting of the GRIA2 subunit toward recycling and membrane targeting (By similarity). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P97879, ECO:0000269|PubMed:10197531}.

Answer 126

GENE NAME: protocadherin 8. DESCRIPTION: Calcium-dependent cell-adhesion protein (By similarity). May play a role in activity-induced synaptic reorganization underlying long term memory (By similarity). Could be involved in CDH2 internalization through TAOK2/p38 MAPK pathway. In hippocampal neurons, may play a role in the down-regulation of dendritic spines, maybe through its action on CDH2 endocytosis (By similarity). .

Answer 127

GENE NAME: kelch like family member 1. DESCRIPTION: May play a role in organizing the actin cytoskeleton of the brain cells.

Answer 128

GENE NAME: MCF.2 cell line derived transforming sequence like. DESCRIPTION: Guanine nucleotide exchange factor that catalyzes guanine nucleotide exchange on RHOA and CDC42, and thereby contributes to the regulation of RHOA and CDC42 signaling pathways (By similarity). Seems to lack activity with RAC1. Becomes activated and highly tumorigenic by truncation of the N-terminus (By similarity). Isoform 5 activates CDC42 (PubMed:15157669). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q63406, ECO:0000269|PubMed:15157669}. [Isoform 3]: Does not catalyze guanine nucleotide exchange on CDC42 (PubMed:15157669). .

Answer 129

GENE NAME: APC membrane recruitment protein 2. DESCRIPTION: Negative regulator of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in neuroectodermal patterning. Acts by specifically binding phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PtdIns(4,5)P2), translocating to the cell membrane and interacting with key regulators of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway, such as components of the beta-catenin destruction complex. .

Answer 130

GENE NAME: mab-21 like 1. DESCRIPTION: Putative nucleotidyltransferase required for several aspects of embryonic development including normal development of the eye (PubMed:27103078, PubMed:30487245). It is unclear whether it displays nucleotidyltransferase activity in vivo (PubMed:27271801). Binds single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) (PubMed:27271801). {ECO:0000269|PubMed:27103078, ECO:0000269|PubMed:27271801, ECO:0000269|PubMed:30487245}.

Answer 131

GENE NAME: myosin XVI. DESCRIPTION: Myosins are actin-based motor molecules with ATPase activity. Unconventional myosins serve in intracellular movements. Their highly divergent tails are presumed to bind to membranous compartments, which would be moved relative to actin filaments. May be involved in targeting of the catalytic subunit of protein phosphatase 1 during brain development. Activates PI3K and concomitantly recruits the WAVE1 complex to the close vicinity of PI3K and regulates neuronal morphogenesis (By similarity). .

Answer 132

GENE NAME: potassium two pore domain channel subfamily K member 10. DESCRIPTION: Outward rectifying potassium channel. Produces rapidly activating and non-inactivating outward rectifier K(+) currents. Activated by arachidonic acid and other naturally occurring unsaturated free fatty acids.

Answer 133

GENE NAME: solute carrier family 8 member A3. DESCRIPTION: Mediates the electrogenic exchange of Ca(2+) against Na(+) ions across the cell membrane, and thereby contributes to the regulation of cytoplasmic Ca(2+) levels and Ca(2+)-dependent cellular processes. Contributes to cellular Ca(2+) homeostasis in excitable cells, both in muscle and in brain. In a first phase, voltage-gated channels mediate the rapid increase of cytoplasmic Ca(2+) levels due to release of Ca(2+) stores from the endoplasmic reticulum. SLC8A3 mediates the export of Ca(2+) from the cell during the next phase, so that cytoplasmic Ca(2+) levels rapidly return to baseline. Contributes to Ca(2+) transport during excitation-contraction coupling in muscle. In neurons, contributes to the rapid decrease of cytoplasmic Ca(2+) levels back to baseline after neuronal activation, and thereby contributes to modulate synaptic plasticity, learning and memory (By similarity). Required for normal oligodendrocyte differentiation and for normal myelination (PubMed:21959935). Mediates Ca(2+) efflux from mitochondria and contributes to mitochondrial Ca(2+) ion homeostasis (By similarity). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:S4R2P9, ECO:0000269|PubMed:21959935}.

Answer 134

GENE NAME: transmembrane protein 63C. DESCRIPTION: Acts as an osmosensitive calcium-permeable cation channel (PubMed:24503647). Required for the functional integrity of the kidney glomerular filtration barrier (By similarity). .

Answer 135

GENE NAME: leucine rich repeat and fibronectin type III domain containing 5. DESCRIPTION: Cell adhesion molecule that mediates homophilic cell-cell adhesion in a Ca(2+)-independent manner. Promotes neurite outgrowth in hippocampal neurons. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:18227064, ECO:0000269|PubMed:18585462}.

Answer 136

GENE NAME: tripartite motif containing 9. DESCRIPTION: E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase which ubiquitinates itself in cooperation with an E2 enzyme UBE2D2/UBC4 and serves as a targeting signal for proteasomal degradation. May play a role in regulation of neuronal functions and may also participate in the formation or breakdown of abnormal inclusions in neurodegenerative disorders. May act as a regulator of synaptic vesicle exocytosis by controlling the availability of SNAP25 for the SNARE complex formation. .

Answer 137

GENE NAME: spectrin beta, erythrocytic. DESCRIPTION: Spectrin is the major constituent of the cytoskeletal network underlying the erythrocyte plasma membrane. It associates with band 4.1 and actin to form the cytoskeletal superstructure of the erythrocyte plasma membrane.

Answer 138

GENE NAME: synaptotagmin 16. DESCRIPTION: May be involved in the trafficking and exocytosis of secretory vesicles in non-neuronal tissues. Is Ca(2+)-independent.

Answer 139

GENE NAME: junctophilin 4. DESCRIPTION: Junctophilins contribute to the formation of junctional membrane complexes (JMCs) which link the plasma membrane with the endoplasmic or sarcoplasmic reticulum in excitable cells. Provides a structural foundation for functional cross-talk between the cell surface and intracellular calcium release channels. JPH4 is brain- specific and appears to have an active role in certain neurons involved in motor coordination and memory (By similarity). .

Answer 140

GENE NAME: A-kinase anchoring protein 6. DESCRIPTION: Binds to type II regulatory subunits of protein kinase A and anchors/targets them to the nuclear membrane or sarcoplasmic reticulum. May act as an adapter for assembling multiprotein complexes.

Answer 141

GENE NAME: chromogranin A. DESCRIPTION: [Pancreastatin]: Strongly inhibits glucose induced insulin release from the pancreas. [Catestatin]: Inhibits catecholamine release from chromaffin cells and noradrenergic neurons by acting as a non-competitive nicotinic cholinergic antagonist (PubMed:15326220). Displays antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria S.aureus and M.luteus, and Gram-negative bacteria E.coli and P.aeruginosa (PubMed:15723172, PubMed:24723458). Can induce mast cell migration, degranulation and production of cytokines and chemokines (PubMed:21214543). Acts as a potent scavenger of free radicals in vitro (PubMed:24723458). May play a role in the regulation of cardiac function and blood pressure (PubMed:18541522). {ECO:0000269|PubMed:15326220, ECO:0000269|PubMed:15723172, ECO:0000269|PubMed:21214543, ECO:0000269|PubMed:24723458, ECO:0000303|PubMed:18541522}. [Serpinin]: Regulates granule biogenesis in endocrine cells by up-regulating the transcription of protease nexin 1 (SERPINE2) via a cAMP-PKA-SP1 pathway. This leads to inhibition of granule protein degradation in the Golgi complex which in turn promotes granule formation. .

Answer 142

GENE NAME: MAM domain containing glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor 2. DESCRIPTION: May be involved in cell-cell interactions. .

Answer 143

GENE NAME: regulator of G protein signaling 6. DESCRIPTION: Regulates G protein-coupled receptor signaling cascades. Inhibits signal transduction by increasing the GTPase activity of G protein alpha subunits, thereby driving them into their inactive GDP- bound form. The RGS6/GNB5 dimer enhances GNAO1 GTPase activity (PubMed:10521509). .

Answer 144

GENE NAME: G protein subunit gamma 2. DESCRIPTION: Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) are involved as a modulator or transducer in various transmembrane signaling systems. The beta and gamma chains are required for the GTPase activity, for replacement of GDP by GTP, and for G protein-effector interaction (By similarity). .

Answer 145

GENE NAME: ISL LIM homeobox 2. DESCRIPTION: Transcriptional factor that defines subclasses of motoneurons that segregate into columns in the spinal cord and select distinct axon pathways. .

Answer 146

GENE NAME: SH3 domain containing GRB2 like 3, endophilin A3. DESCRIPTION: Implicated in endocytosis. May recruit other proteins to membranes with high curvature (By similarity). .

Answer 147

GENE NAME: secretogranin III. DESCRIPTION: Member of the granin protein family that regulates the biogenesis of secretory granules (PubMed:19357184). Acts as a sorting receptor for intragranular proteins including chromogranin A/CHGA (By similarity). May also play a role in angiogenesis. Promotes endothelial proliferation, migration and tube formation through MEK/ERK signaling pathway (PubMed:29154827). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P47868, ECO:0000269|PubMed:19357184, ECO:0000269|PubMed:29154827}.

Answer 148

GENE NAME: makorin ring finger protein 3. DESCRIPTION: E3 ubiquitin ligase catalyzing the covalent attachment of ubiquitin moieties onto substrate proteins. {ECO:0000250, ECO:0000269|PubMed:19066619}.

Answer 149

GENE NAME: ST8 alpha-N-acetyl-neuraminide alpha-2,8-sialyltransferase 2. DESCRIPTION: Catalyzes the transfer of a sialic acid from a CMP-linked sialic acid donor onto a terminal alpha-2,3-, alpha-2,6-, or alpha-2,8- linked sialic acid of an N-linked glycan acceptor through alpha-2,8- linkages (Probable) (PubMed:9774483, PubMed:9054414, PubMed:10766765, PubMed:11744634). Therefore, participates in polysialic acid synthesis on various sialylated N-acetyllactosaminyl oligosaccharides (alpha-2,3-, alpha-2,6-, or alpha-2,8-linked sialic acid), including NCAM1, NCAM1 N-glycans, FETUB N-glycans, and to a lesser extent sialylparagloboside (SPG) and AHSG, which does not require the initial addition of an alpha 2,8-sialic acid (PubMed:7559389) (Probable). However, does not exhibit sialic acid-polymerase activity (By similarity). Catalyzes polysialic acid synthesis in the hippocampal on NCAM1 and supports neurite outgrowth (PubMed:9054414). ST8SIA2-mediated polysialylation influences on oligodendrocyte differentiation and may promote the integrity of myelin and axons (By similarity). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:O35696, ECO:0000269|PubMed:10766765, ECO:0000269|PubMed:11744634, ECO:0000269|PubMed:7559389, ECO:0000269|PubMed:9054414, ECO:0000269|PubMed:9774483, ECO:0000305|PubMed:28810663}.

Answer 150

GENE NAME: aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator 2. DESCRIPTION: Transcription factor that plays a role in the development of the hypothalamo-pituitary axis, postnatal brain growth, and visual and renal function (PubMed:24022475). Specifically recognizes the xenobiotic response element (XRE). .

Answer 151

GENE NAME: hyperpolarization activated cyclic nucleotide gated potassium channel 4. DESCRIPTION: Hyperpolarization-activated ion channel with very slow activation and inactivation exhibiting weak selectivity for potassium over sodium ions. Contributes to the native pacemaker currents in heart (If) that regulate the rhythm of heart beat. May contribute to the native pacemaker currents in neurons (Ih). May mediate responses to sour stimuli. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:10228147, ECO:0000269|PubMed:10430953, ECO:0000269|PubMed:16407510, ECO:0000269|PubMed:19165230, ECO:0000269|PubMed:20829353}.

Answer 152

GENE NAME: calcium voltage-gated channel subunit alpha1 H. DESCRIPTION: Voltage-sensitive calcium channel that gives rise to T-type calcium currents. T-type calcium channels belong to the 'low-voltage activated (LVA)' group. A particularity of this type of channel is an opening at quite negative potentials, and a voltage-dependent inactivation (PubMed:9670923, PubMed:9930755, PubMed:27149520). T-type channels serve pacemaking functions in both central neurons and cardiac nodal cells and support calcium signaling in secretory cells and vascular smooth muscle (Probable). They may also be involved in the modulation of firing patterns of neurons (PubMed:15048902). In the adrenal zona glomerulosa, participates in the signaling pathway leading to aldosterone production in response to either AGT/angiotensin II, or hyperkalemia (PubMed:25907736, PubMed:27729216). {ECO:0000269|PubMed:24277868, ECO:0000269|PubMed:25907736, ECO:0000269|PubMed:27149520, ECO:0000269|PubMed:27729216, ECO:0000269|PubMed:9670923, ECO:0000269|PubMed:9930755, ECO:0000305, ECO:0000305|PubMed:15048902}.

Answer 153

GENE NAME: N-terminal EF-hand calcium binding protein 2. DESCRIPTION: May act as a signaling scaffold protein that senses intracellular calcium. Can modulate ligand-induced internalization of ADORA2A and coupling efficiency of mGluR5/GRM5; for both receptors may regulate signaling activity such as promoting MAPK1/3 (ERK1/2) activation. .

Answer 154

GENE NAME: acid sensing ion channel subunit 2. DESCRIPTION: Cation channel with high affinity for sodium, which is gated by extracellular protons and inhibited by the diuretic amiloride. Also permeable for Li(+) and K(+). Generates a biphasic current with a fast inactivating and a slow sustained phase. Heteromeric channel assembly seems to modulate.

Answer 155

GENE NAME: protein phosphatase, Mg2+/Mn2+ dependent 1E. DESCRIPTION: Protein phosphatase that inactivates multifunctional CaM kinases such as CAMK4 and CAMK2 (By similarity). Dephosphorylates and inactivates PAK. May play a role in the inhibition of actin fiber stress breakdown and in morphological changes driven by TNK2/CDC42. Dephosphorylates PRKAA2 (By similarity). {ECO:0000250, ECO:0000269|PubMed:11864573}.

Answer 156

GENE NAME: DCC netrin 1 receptor. DESCRIPTION: Receptor for netrin required for axon guidance. Mediates axon attraction of neuronal growth cones in the developing nervous system upon ligand binding. Its association with UNC5 proteins may trigger signaling for axon repulsion. It also acts as a dependence receptor required for apoptosis induction when not associated with netrin ligand. Implicated as a tumor suppressor gene. .

Answer 157

GENE NAME: neuropilin and tolloid like 1. DESCRIPTION: Involved in the development and/or maintenance of neuronal circuitry. Accessory subunit of the neuronal N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) critical for maintaining the abundance of GRIN2A- containing NMDARs in the postsynaptic density. Regulates long-term NMDA receptor-dependent synaptic plasticity and cognition, at least in the context of spatial learning and memory (By similarity). .

Answer 158

GENE NAME: synaptotagmin 4. DESCRIPTION: Synaptotagmin family member which does not bind Ca(2+) (PubMed:23999003) (By similarity). Involved in neuronal dense core vesicles (DCVs) mobility through its interaction with KIF1A. Upon increased neuronal activity, phosphorylation by MAPK8/JNK1 destabilizes the interaction with KIF1A and captures DCVs to synapses (By similarity). Plays a role in dendrite formation by melanocytes (PubMed:23999003). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P50232, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23999003}.

Answer 159

GENE NAME: one cut homeobox 2. DESCRIPTION: Transcriptional activator. Activates the transcription of a number of liver genes such as HNF3B.

Answer 160

GENE NAME: DLG associated protein 1. DESCRIPTION: Part of the postsynaptic scaffold in neuronal cells.

Answer 161

GENE NAME: mitogen-activated protein kinase 4. DESCRIPTION: Atypical MAPK protein. Phosphorylates microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2) and MAPKAPK5. The precise role of the complex formed with MAPKAPK5 is still unclear, but the complex follows a complex set of phosphorylation events: upon interaction with atypical MAPKAPK5, ERK4/MAPK4 is phosphorylated at Ser-186 and then mediates phosphorylation and activation of MAPKAPK5, which in turn phosphorylates ERK4/MAPK4. May promote entry in the cell cycle (By similarity). .

Answer 162

GENE NAME: ST8 alpha-N-acetyl-neuraminide alpha-2,8-sialyltransferase 3. DESCRIPTION: Catalyzes the transfer of sialic acid from a CMP-linked sialic acid donor onto a terminal alpha-2,3-, alpha-2,6-, or alpha-2,8- linked sialic acid of an acceptor, such as N-linked oligosaccharides of glycoproteins and glycolipids through alpha-2,8-linkages (PubMed:9826427, PubMed:26192331, PubMed:10766765). Forms oligosialic and polysialic acid on various sialylated N-acetyllactosamine oligosaccharides of glycoproteins, including FETUB N-glycans, a2-HS- glycoprotein (AHSG) and alpha 2,3-sialylated glycosphingolipids, such as alpha 2,3-sialylparagloboside and ganglioside GM3 and to a lesser extent NCAM1 N-glycans (PubMed:9826427, PubMed:10766765). However, it is much more specific to N-linked oligosaccharides of glycoproteins than glycosphingolipids (By similarity). 2,3-sialylparagloboside serves as the best acceptor substrate among the glycolipids (By similarity). alpha-Neu5Ac-(2->8)-alpha-Neu5Ac-(2->3)-beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-6S-D-GlcNAc and monosialyl and disialyl N-acetyllactosamines are the best acceptor substrates among glycoproteins (PubMed:26192331, PubMed:10766765). May plays critical role in the striatum by mediating the formation of disialylated and trisialylated terminal glycotopes on N- and O-glycans of specific striatal proteins, regulating their distribution in lipid rafts, affecting their interaction with other binding partners, and subsequently modulating striatal functions (By similarity). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q64689, ECO:0000269|PubMed:10766765, ECO:0000269|PubMed:26192331, ECO:0000269|PubMed:9826427}.

Answer 163

GENE NAME: RAB27B, member RAS oncogene family. DESCRIPTION: Small GTPase which cycles between active GTP-bound and inactive GDP-bound states. In its active state, binds to a variety of effector proteins to regulate homeostasis of late endocytic pathway, including endosomal positioning, maturation and secretion (PubMed:30771381). Plays a role in NTRK2/TRKB axonal anterograde transport by facilitating the association of NTRK2/TRKB with KLC1 (PubMed:21775604). May be involved in targeting uroplakins to urothelial apical membranes (By similarity). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q8HZJ5, ECO:0000269|PubMed:21775604, ECO:0000269|PubMed:30771381}.

Answer 164

GENE NAME: unc-13 homolog A. DESCRIPTION: Plays a role in vesicle maturation during exocytosis as a target of the diacylglycerol second messenger pathway. Involved in neurotransmitter release by acting in synaptic vesicle priming prior to vesicle fusion and participates in the activity-dependent refilling of readily releasable vesicle pool (RRP). Essential for synaptic vesicle maturation in most excitatory/glutamatergic but not inhibitory/GABA- mediated synapses. Facilitates neuronal dense core vesicles fusion as well as controls the location and efficiency of their synaptic release (By similarity). Also involved in secretory granule priming in insulin secretion. Plays a role in dendrite formation by melanocytes (PubMed:23999003). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q4KUS2, ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q62768, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23999003}.

Answer 165

GENE NAME: protein kinase C gamma. DESCRIPTION: Calcium-activated, phospholipid- and diacylglycerol (DAG)- dependent serine/threonine-protein kinase that plays diverse roles in neuronal cells and eye tissues, such as regulation of the neuronal receptors GRIA4/GLUR4 and GRIN1/NMDAR1, modulation of receptors and neuronal functions related to sensitivity to opiates, pain and alcohol, mediation of synaptic function and cell survival after ischemia, and inhibition of gap junction activity after oxidative stress. Binds and phosphorylates GRIA4/GLUR4 glutamate receptor and regulates its function by increasing plasma membrane-associated GRIA4 expression. In primary cerebellar neurons treated with the agonist 3,5- dihyidroxyphenylglycine, functions downstream of the metabotropic glutamate receptor GRM5/MGLUR5 and phosphorylates GRIN1/NMDAR1 receptor which plays a key role in synaptic plasticity, synaptogenesis, excitotoxicity, memory acquisition and learning. May be involved in the regulation of hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP), but may be not necessary for the process of synaptic plasticity. May be involved in desensitization of mu-type opioid receptor-mediated G-protein activation in the spinal cord, and may be critical for the development and/or maintenance of morphine-induced reinforcing effects in the limbic forebrain. May modulate the functionality of mu-type-opioid receptors by participating in a signaling pathway which leads to the phosphorylation and degradation of opioid receptors. May also contributes to chronic morphine-induced changes in nociceptive processing. Plays a role in neuropathic pain mechanisms and contributes to the maintenance of the allodynia pain produced by peripheral inflammation. Plays an important role in initial sensitivity and tolerance to ethanol, by mediating the behavioral effects of ethanol as well as the effects of this drug on the GABA(A) receptors. During and after cerebral ischemia modulate neurotransmission and cell survival in synaptic membranes, and is involved in insulin-induced inhibition of necrosis, an important mechanism for minimizing ischemic injury. Required for the elimination of multiple climbing fibers during innervation of Purkinje cells in developing cerebellum. Is activated in lens epithelial cells upon hydrogen peroxide treatment, and phosphorylates connexin-43 (GJA1/CX43), resulting in disassembly of GJA1 gap junction plaques and inhibition of gap junction activity which could provide a protective effect against oxidative stress (By similarity). Phosphorylates p53/TP53 and promotes p53/TP53-dependent apoptosis in response to DNA damage. Involved in the phase resetting of the cerebral cortex circadian clock during temporally restricted feeding. Stabilizes the core clock component BMAL1 by interfering with its ubiquitination, thus suppressing its degradation, resulting in phase resetting of the cerebral cortex clock (By similarity). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P63318, ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P63319, ECO:0000269|PubMed:16377624}.

Answer 166

GENE NAME: ELAV like RNA binding protein 3. DESCRIPTION: RNA-binding protein that binds to AU-rich element (ARE) sequences of target mRNAs, including VEGF mRNA (PubMed:10710437). May also bind poly-A tracts via RRM 3 (By similarity). May be involved in neuronal differentiation and maintenance (By similarity). Plays a role in the stabilization of GAP43 mRNA and in spatial learning (By similarity). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q60900, ECO:0000269|PubMed:10710437}.

Answer 167

GENE NAME: solute carrier family 17 member 7. DESCRIPTION: Multifunctional transporter that transports L-glutamate as well as multiple ions such as chloride, proton, potassium, sodium and phosphate (PubMed:10820226). At the synaptic vesicle membrane, mainly functions as an uniporter which transports preferentially L-glutamate but also phosphate from the cytoplasm into synaptic vesicles at presynaptic nerve terminals of excitatory neural cells (By similarity). The L-glutamate or phosphate uniporter activity is electrogenic and is driven by the proton electrochemical gradient, mainly by the electrical gradient established by the vacuolar H(+)-ATPase across the synaptic vesicle membrane (By similarity). In addition, functions as a chloride channel that allows a chloride permeation through the synaptic vesicle membrane that affects the proton electrochemical gradient and promotes synaptic vesicles acidification (By similarity). Moreover, may function as a K(+)/H(+) antiport allowing to maintain the electrical gradient and to decrease chemical gradient and therefore sustain vesicular glutamate uptake (By similarity). The vesicular K(+)/H(+) antiport activity is electroneutral (By similarity). At the plasma membrane, following exocytosis, functions as a symporter of Na(+) and phosphate from the extracellular space to the cytoplasm allowing synaptic phosphate homeostasis regulation (PubMed:10820226). The symporter activity is driven by an inside negative membrane potential and is electrogenic (By similarity). Is necessary for synaptic signaling of visual-evoked responses from photoreceptors (By similarity). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q3TXX4, ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q62634, ECO:0000269|PubMed:10820226}.

Answer 168

GENE NAME: shisa family member 7. DESCRIPTION: Transmembrane protein that regulates gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor (GABA(A)R) trafficking, channel deactivation kinetics and pharmacology, necessary for fast inhibitory transmission in the brain. Enhances the action of benzodiazepine, a primary GABA(A)Rs target drug, in the brain. May affect channel kinetics of AMPA-type glutamate receptors (AMPAR), the brain's main excitatory neurotransmitter, necessary for synaptic hippocampal plasticity, and memory recall. May regulate the induction and maintenance of long-term potentiation at Schaffer collaterals/CA3-CA1 excitatory synapses. .

Answer 169

GENE NAME: paralemmin 3. DESCRIPTION: ATP-binding protein, which may act as a adapter in the Toll- like receptor (TLR) signaling. .

Answer 170

GENE NAME: potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily Q member 2. DESCRIPTION: Associates with KCNQ3 to form a potassium channel with essentially identical properties to the channel underlying the native M-current, a slowly activating and deactivating potassium conductance which plays a critical role in determining the subthreshold electrical excitability of neurons as well as the responsiveness to synaptic inputs. Therefore, it is important in the regulation of neuronal excitability. KCNQ2/KCNQ3 current is blocked by linopirdine and XE991, and activated by the anticonvulsant retigabine (PubMed:9836639, PubMed:11572947, PubMed:14534157, PubMed:12742592, PubMed:17872363). As the native M-channel, the potassium channel composed of KCNQ2 and KCNQ3 is also suppressed by activation of the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor CHRM1 (PubMed:10684873). KCNQ2-KCNQ3 channel is selectively permeable to other cations besides potassium, in decreasing order of affinity K(+) > Rb(+) > Cs(+) > Na(+). Associates with Na(+)-coupled myo-inositol symporter SLC5A3 forming a coregulatory complex that alters ion selectivity, increasing Na(+) and Cs(+) permeation relative to K(+) permeation. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:10684873, ECO:0000269|PubMed:11572947, ECO:0000269|PubMed:12742592, ECO:0000269|PubMed:14534157, ECO:0000269|PubMed:17872363, ECO:0000269|PubMed:25740509, ECO:0000269|PubMed:28793216, ECO:0000269|PubMed:9836639}.

Answer 171

GENE NAME: tubulin beta 1 class VI. DESCRIPTION: Tubulin is the major constituent of microtubules, a cylinder consisting of laterally associated linear protofilaments composed of alpha- and beta-tubulin heterodimers. Microtubules grow by the addition of GTP-tubulin dimers to the microtubule end, where a stabilizing cap forms. Below the cap, tubulin dimers are in GDP-bound state, owing to GTPase activity of alpha-tubulin.

Answer 172

GENE NAME: potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily B member 1. DESCRIPTION: Voltage-gated potassium channel that mediates transmembrane potassium transport in excitable membranes, primarily in the brain, but also in the pancreas and cardiovascular system. Contributes to the regulation of the action potential (AP) repolarization, duration and frequency of repetitive AP firing in neurons, muscle cells and endocrine cells and plays a role in homeostatic attenuation of electrical excitability throughout the brain (PubMed:23161216). Plays also a role in the regulation of exocytosis independently of its electrical function (By similarity). Forms tetrameric potassium- selective channels through which potassium ions pass in accordance with their electrochemical gradient. The channel alternates between opened and closed conformations in response to the voltage difference across the membrane. Homotetrameric channels mediate a delayed-rectifier voltage-dependent outward potassium current that display rapid activation and slow inactivation in response to membrane depolarization (PubMed:8081723, PubMed:1283219, PubMed:10484328, PubMed:12560340, PubMed:19074135, PubMed:19717558, PubMed:24901643). Can form functional homotetrameric and heterotetrameric channels that contain variable proportions of KCNB2; channel properties depend on the type of alpha subunits that are part of the channel (By similarity). Can also form functional heterotetrameric channels with other alpha subunits that are non-conducting when expressed alone, such as KCNF1, KCNG1, KCNG3, KCNG4, KCNH1, KCNH2, KCNS1, KCNS2, KCNS3 and KCNV1, creating a functionally diverse range of channel complexes (PubMed:10484328, PubMed:11852086, PubMed:12060745, PubMed:19074135, PubMed:19717558, PubMed:24901643). Heterotetrameric channel activity formed with KCNS3 show increased current amplitude with the threshold for action potential activation shifted towards more negative values in hypoxic- treated pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (By similarity). Channel properties are also modulated by cytoplasmic ancillary beta subunits such as AMIGO1, KCNE1, KCNE2 and KCNE3, slowing activation and inactivation rate of the delayed rectifier potassium channels (By similarity). In vivo, membranes probably contain a mixture of heteromeric potassium channel complexes, making it difficult to assign currents observed in intact tissues to any particular potassium channel family member. Major contributor to the slowly inactivating delayed- rectifier voltage-gated potassium current in neurons of the central nervous system, sympathetic ganglion neurons, neuroendocrine cells, pancreatic beta cells, cardiomyocytes and smooth muscle cells. Mediates the major part of the somatodendritic delayed-rectifier potassium current in hippocampal and cortical pyramidal neurons and sympathetic superior cervical ganglion (CGC) neurons that acts to slow down periods of firing, especially during high frequency stimulation. Plays a role in the induction of long-term potentiation (LTP) of neuron excitability in the CA3 layer of the hippocampus (By similarity). Contributes to the regulation of glucose-induced action potential amplitude and duration in pancreatic beta cells, hence limiting calcium influx and insulin secretion (PubMed:23161216). Plays a role in the regulation of resting membrane potential and contraction in hypoxia-treated pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells. May contribute to the regulation of the duration of both the action potential of cardiomyocytes and the heart ventricular repolarization QT interval. Contributes to the pronounced pro-apoptotic potassium current surge during neuronal apoptotic cell death in response to oxidative injury. May confer neuroprotection in response to hypoxia/ischemic insults by suppressing pyramidal neurons hyperexcitability in hippocampal and cortical regions (By similarity). Promotes trafficking of KCNG3, KCNH1 and KCNH2 to the cell surface membrane, presumably by forming heterotetrameric channels with these subunits (PubMed:12060745). Plays a role in the calcium-dependent recruitment and release of fusion-competent vesicles from the soma of neurons, neuroendocrine and glucose-induced pancreatic beta cells by binding key components of the fusion machinery in a pore-independent manner (By similarity). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P15387, ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q03717, ECO:0000269|PubMed:10484328, ECO:0000269|PubMed:11852086, ECO:0000269|PubMed:12060745, ECO:0000269|PubMed:12560340, ECO:0000269|PubMed:1283219, ECO:0000269|PubMed:19074135, ECO:0000269|PubMed:19717558, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23161216, ECO:0000269|PubMed:24901643, ECO:0000269|PubMed:8081723}.

Answer 173

GENE NAME: solute carrier family 32 member 1. DESCRIPTION: Antiporter that exchanges vesicular protons for cytosolic 4- aminobutanoate or to a lesser extend glycine, thus allowing their secretion from nerve terminals. The transport is equally dependent on the chemical and electrical components of the proton gradient (By similarity). May also transport beta-alanine (By similarity). Acidification of GABAergic synaptic vesicles is a prerequisite for 4- aminobutanoate uptake (By similarity). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:O35458, ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:O35633}.

Answer 174

GENE NAME: p21 (RAC1) activated kinase 5. DESCRIPTION: Serine/threonine protein kinase that plays a role in a variety of different signaling pathways including cytoskeleton regulation, cell migration, proliferation or cell survival. Activation by various effectors including growth factor receptors or active CDC42 and RAC1 results in a conformational change and a subsequent autophosphorylation on several serine and/or threonine residues. Phosphorylates the proto-oncogene RAF1 and stimulates its kinase activity. Promotes cell survival by phosphorylating the BCL2 antagonist of cell death BAD. Phosphorylates CTNND1, probably to regulate cytoskeletal organization and cell morphology. Keeps microtubules stable through MARK2 inhibition and destabilizes the F-actin network leading to the disappearance of stress fibers and focal adhesions. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:12897128, ECO:0000269|PubMed:16014608, ECO:0000269|PubMed:16581795, ECO:0000269|PubMed:18465753, ECO:0000269|PubMed:20564219}.

Answer 175

GENE NAME: prodynorphin. DESCRIPTION: Leu-enkephalins compete with and mimic the effects of opiate drugs. They play a role in a number of physiologic functions, including pain perception and responses to stress (By similarity). . Dynorphin peptides differentially regulate the kappa opioid receptor. Dynorphin A(1-13) has a typical opioid activity, it is 700 times more potent than Leu-enkephalin (By similarity). . Leumorphin has a typical opioid activity and may have anti- apoptotic effect. .

Answer 176

GENE NAME: fibronectin leucine rich transmembrane protein 3. DESCRIPTION: Functions in cell-cell adhesion, cell migration and axon guidance, exerting an attractive or repulsive role depending on its interaction partners. Plays a role in the spatial organization of brain neurons. Plays a role in vascular development in the retina (By similarity). Plays a role in cell-cell adhesion via its interaction with ADGRL3 and probably also other latrophilins that are expressed at the surface of adjacent cells (PubMed:26235030). Interaction with the intracellular domain of ROBO1 mediates axon attraction towards cells expressing NTN1. Mediates axon growth cone collapse and plays a repulsive role in neuron guidance via its interaction with UNC5B, and possibly also other UNC-5 family members (By similarity). Promotes neurite outgrowth (in vitro) (PubMed:14706654). Mediates cell-cell contacts that promote an increase both in neurite number and in neurite length. Plays a role in the regulation of the density of glutamaergic synapses. Plays a role in fibroblast growth factor-mediated signaling cascades. Required for normal morphogenesis during embryonic development, but not for normal embryonic patterning. Required for normal ventral closure, headfold fusion and definitive endoderm migration during embryonic development. Required for the formation of a normal basement membrane and the maintenance of a normal anterior visceral endoderm during embryonic development (By similarity). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:B1H234, ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q8BGT1, ECO:0000269|PubMed:14706654, ECO:0000269|PubMed:26235030}.

Answer 177

GENE NAME: chondrolectin. DESCRIPTION: May play a role in the development of the nervous system such as in neurite outgrowth and elongation. May be involved in motor axon growth and guidance. {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q568T5, ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q9CXM0}.

Answer 178

GENE NAME: TIAM Rac1 associated GEF 1. DESCRIPTION: Guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor that activates RHO-like proteins and connects extracellular signals to cytoskeletal activities. Activates RAC1, CDC42, and to a lesser extent RHOA and their downstream signaling to regulate processes like cell adhesion and cell migration. .

Answer 179

GENE NAME: seizure related 6 homolog like. DESCRIPTION: May contribute to specialized endoplasmic reticulum functions in neurons. .

Answer 180

GENE NAME: ankyrin repeat domain 45. DESCRIPTION: May play a role during cell division. .

Answer 181

GENE NAME: potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 2. DESCRIPTION: Voltage-gated potassium channel that mediates transmembrane potassium transport in excitable membranes, primarily in the brain and the central nervous system, but also in the cardiovascular system. Prevents aberrant action potential firing and regulates neuronal output. Forms tetrameric potassium-selective channels through which potassium ions pass in accordance with their electrochemical gradient. The channel alternates between opened and closed conformations in response to the voltage difference across the membrane (PubMed:19912772, PubMed:8495559, PubMed:11211111, PubMed:23769686). Can form functional homotetrameric channels and heterotetrameric channels that contain variable proportions of KCNA1, KCNA2, KCNA4, KCNA5, KCNA6, KCNA7, and possibly other family members as well; channel properties depend on the type of alpha subunits that are part of the channel (PubMed:8495559, PubMed:20220134). Channel properties are modulated by cytoplasmic beta subunits that regulate the subcellular location of the alpha subunits and promote rapid inactivation of delayed rectifier potassium channels. In vivo, membranes probably contain a mixture of heteromeric potassium channel complexes, making it difficult to assign currents observed in intact tissues to any particular potassium channel family member. Homotetrameric KCNA2 forms a delayed-rectifier potassium channel that opens in response to membrane depolarization, followed by slow spontaneous channel closure (PubMed:19912772, PubMed:23769686). In contrast, a heteromultimer formed by KCNA2 and KCNA4 shows rapid inactivation (PubMed:8495559). Regulates neuronal excitability and plays a role as pacemaker in the regulation of neuronal action potentials (By similarity). KCNA2- containing channels play a presynaptic role and prevent hyperexcitability and aberrant action potential firing (By similarity). Response to toxins that are selective for KCNA2-containing potassium channels suggests that in Purkinje cells, dendritic subthreshold KCNA2- containing potassium channels prevent random spontaneous calcium spikes, suppressing dendritic hyperexcitability without hindering the generation of somatic action potentials, and thereby play an important role in motor coordination (By similarity). Plays a role in the induction of long-term potentiation of neuron excitability in the CA3 layer of the hippocampus (By similarity). May function as down-stream effector for G protein-coupled receptors and inhibit GABAergic inputs to basolateral amygdala neurons (By similarity). May contribute to the regulation of neurotransmitter release, such as gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) (By similarity). Contributes to the regulation of the axonal release of the neurotransmitter dopamine (By similarity). Reduced KCNA2 expression plays a role in the perception of neuropathic pain after peripheral nerve injury, but not acute pain (By similarity). Plays a role in the regulation of the time spent in non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep (By similarity). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P63141, ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P63142, ECO:0000269|PubMed:11211111, ECO:0000269|PubMed:19912772, ECO:0000269|PubMed:20220134, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23769686, ECO:0000269|PubMed:8495559, ECO:0000305}.

Answer 182

GENE NAME: potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily D member 3. DESCRIPTION: Pore-forming (alpha) subunit of voltage-gated rapidly inactivating A-type potassium channels. May contribute to I(To) current in heart and I(Sa) current in neurons. Channel properties are modulated by interactions with other alpha subunits and with regulatory subunits. .

Answer 183

GENE NAME: EPH receptor A10. DESCRIPTION: Receptor for members of the ephrin-A family. Binds to EFNA3, EFNA4 and EFNA5. .

Answer 184

GENE NAME: cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 2 subunit. DESCRIPTION: After binding acetylcholine, the AChR responds by an extensive change in conformation that affects all subunits and leads to opening of an ion-conducting channel across the plasma membrane permeable to sodiun ions. .

Answer 185

GENE NAME: immunoglobin superfamily member 21. DESCRIPTION: Involved in synaptic inhibition in the brain. Selectively regulates inhibitory presynaptic differentiation through interacting with presynaptic NRXN2. .

Answer 186

GENE NAME: VANGL planar cell polarity protein 2. DESCRIPTION: Involved in the control of early morphogenesis and patterning of both axial midline structures and the development of neural plate. Plays a role in the regulation of planar cell polarity, particularly in the orientation of stereociliary bundles in the cochlea. Required for polarization and movement of myocardializing cells in the outflow tract and seems to act via RHOA signaling to regulate this process. Required for cell surface localization of FZD3 and FZD6 in the inner ear (By similarity). .

Answer 187

GENE NAME: solute carrier family 6 member 17. DESCRIPTION: Synaptic vesicle transporter with apparent selectivity for neutral amino acids. The transport is sodium-coupled but chloride- independent, likely driven by the proton electrochemical gradient generated by vacuolar H(+)-ATPase in an overall electrogenic mechanism. May contribute to the synaptic uptake of neurotransmitter precursors in a process coupled in part to vesicle exocytosis. .

Answer 188

GENE NAME: gremlin 2, DAN family BMP antagonist. DESCRIPTION: Cytokine that inhibits the activity of BMP2 and BMP4 in a dose-dependent manner, and thereby modulates signaling by BMP family members. Contributes to the regulation of embryonic morphogenesis via BMP family members. Antagonizes BMP4-induced suppression of progesterone production in granulosa cells. .

Answer 189

GENE NAME: ribosomal modification protein rimK like family member A. DESCRIPTION: Catalyzes the synthesis of N-acetyl-L-aspartyl-L-glutamate (NAAG) and N-acetyl-L-aspartyl-L-glutamyl-L-glutamate. .

Answer 190

GENE NAME: ryanodine receptor 2. DESCRIPTION: Cytosolic calcium-activated calcium channel that mediates the release of Ca(2+) from the sarcoplasmic reticulum into the cytosol and thereby plays a key role in triggering cardiac muscle contraction. Aberrant channel activation can lead to cardiac arrhythmia. In cardiac myocytes, calcium release is triggered by increased Ca(2+) cytosolic levels due to activation of the L-type calcium channel CACNA1C. The calcium channel activity is modulated by formation of heterotetramers with RYR3. Required for cellular calcium ion homeostasis. Required for embryonic heart development. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:10830164, ECO:0000269|PubMed:17984046, ECO:0000269|PubMed:20056922, ECO:0000269|PubMed:27733687, ECO:0000269|PubMed:33536282}.

Answer 191

GENE NAME: regulating synaptic membrane exocytosis 3. DESCRIPTION: Regulates synaptic membrane exocytosis. .

Answer 192

GENE NAME: BMP/retinoic acid inducible neural specific 3. DESCRIPTION: Inhibits neuronal cell proliferation by negative regulation of the cell cycle transition. Promotes pituitary gonadotrope cell proliferation, migration and invasion, when overexpressed. May play a role in cell pituitary tumor development. .

Answer 193

GENE NAME: BMP/retinoic acid inducible neural specific 2. DESCRIPTION: Inhibits neuronal cell proliferation by negative regulation of the cell cycle transition. .

Answer 194

GENE NAME: phospholipid phosphatase related 4. DESCRIPTION: Postsynaptic density membrane protein that indirectly regulates glutamatergic synaptic transmission through lysophosphatidic acid (LPA)-mediated signaling pathways. Binds lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and mediates its internalization into cells. Could act as receptor or a transporter of this lipid at the post-synaptic membrane (By similarity). Modulates lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) activity in neuron axonal outgrowth during development by attenuating phospholipid- induced axon collapse (By similarity). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q7TMB7, ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q7TME0}.

Answer 195

GENE NAME: estrogen related receptor gamma. DESCRIPTION: Orphan receptor that acts as a transcription activator in the absence of bound ligand. Binds specifically to an estrogen response element and activates reporter genes controlled by estrogen response elements (By similarity). Induces the expression of PERM1 in the skeletal muscle. {ECO:0000250, ECO:0000269|PubMed:11864604, ECO:0000269|PubMed:18063693, ECO:0000269|PubMed:19067653, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23836911}.

Answer 196

GENE NAME: glutamate ionotropic receptor kainate type subunit 3. DESCRIPTION: Receptor for glutamate that functions as a ligand-gated ion channel in the central nervous system and plays an important role in excitatory synaptic transmission. L-glutamate acts as an excitatory neurotransmitter at many synapses in the central nervous system. The postsynaptic actions of Glu are mediated by a variety of receptors that are named according to their selective agonists. This receptor binds domoate > kainate >> L-glutamate = quisqualate >> AMPA = NMDA.

Answer 197

GENE NAME: EPH receptor A8. DESCRIPTION: Receptor tyrosine kinase which binds promiscuously GPI- anchored ephrin-A family ligands residing on adjacent cells, leading to contact-dependent bidirectional signaling into neighboring cells. The signaling pathway downstream of the receptor is referred to as forward signaling while the signaling pathway downstream of the ephrin ligand is referred to as reverse signaling. The GPI-anchored ephrin-A EFNA2, EFNA3, and EFNA5 are able to activate EPHA8 through phosphorylation. With EFNA5 may regulate integrin-mediated cell adhesion and migration on fibronectin substrate but also neurite outgrowth. During development of the nervous system also plays a role in axon guidance. Downstream effectors of the EPHA8 signaling pathway include FYN which promotes cell adhesion upon activation by EPHA8 and the MAP kinases in the stimulation of neurite outgrowth (By similarity). .

Answer 198

GENE NAME: astrotactin 1. DESCRIPTION: Neuronal adhesion molecule that is required for normal migration of young postmitotic neuroblasts along glial fibers, especially in the cerebellum. Required for normal rate of migration of granule cells during brain development and for normal cerebellum development. .

Answer 199

GENE NAME: synaptotagmin 6. DESCRIPTION: May be involved in Ca(2+)-dependent exocytosis of secretory vesicles through Ca(2+) and phospholipid binding to the C2 domain or may serve as Ca(2+) sensors in the process of vesicular trafficking and exocytosis. May mediate Ca(2+)-regulation of exocytosis in acrosomal reaction in sperm (By similarity). .

Answer 200

GENE NAME: synaptotagmin 2. DESCRIPTION: Exhibits calcium-dependent phospholipid and inositol polyphosphate binding properties (By similarity). May have a regulatory role in the membrane interactions during trafficking of synaptic vesicles at the active zone of the synapse (By similarity). Plays a role in dendrite formation by melanocytes (PubMed:23999003). .

Answer 201

GENE NAME: G protein subunit gamma 4. DESCRIPTION: Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) are involved as a modulator or transducer in various transmembrane signaling systems. The beta and gamma chains are required for the GTPase activity, for replacement of GDP by GTP, and for G protein-effector interaction. .

Answer 202

GENE NAME: formin 2. DESCRIPTION: Actin-binding protein that is involved in actin cytoskeleton assembly and reorganization (PubMed:22330775, PubMed:21730168). Acts as an actin nucleation factor and promotes assembly of actin filaments together with SPIRE1 and SPIRE2 (PubMed:22330775, PubMed:21730168). Involved in intracellular vesicle transport along actin fibers, providing a novel link between actin cytoskeleton dynamics and intracellular transport (By similarity). Required for asymmetric spindle positioning, asymmetric oocyte division and polar body extrusion during female germ cell meiosis (By similarity). Plays a role in responses to DNA damage, cellular stress and hypoxia by protecting CDKN1A against degradation, and thereby plays a role in stress-induced cell cycle arrest (PubMed:23375502). Also acts in the nucleus: together with SPIRE1 and SPIRE2, promotes assembly of nuclear actin filaments in response to DNA damage in order to facilitate movement of chromatin and repair factors after DNA damage (PubMed:26287480). Protects cells against apoptosis by protecting CDKN1A against degradation (PubMed:23375502). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q9JL04, ECO:0000269|PubMed:21730168, ECO:0000269|PubMed:22330775, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23375502, ECO:0000269|PubMed:26287480}.

Answer 203

GENE NAME: desmin. DESCRIPTION: Muscle-specific type III intermediate filament essential for proper muscular structure and function. Plays a crucial role in maintaining the structure of sarcomeres, inter-connecting the Z-disks and forming the myofibrils, linking them not only to the sarcolemmal cytoskeleton, but also to the nucleus and mitochondria, thus providing strength for the muscle fiber during activity (PubMed:25358400). In adult striated muscle they form a fibrous network connecting myofibrils to each other and to the plasma membrane from the periphery of the Z- line structures (PubMed:24200904, PubMed:25394388, PubMed:26724190). May act as a sarcomeric microtubule-anchoring protein: specifically associates with detyrosinated tubulin-alpha chains, leading to buckled microtubules and mechanical resistance to contraction. Required for nuclear membrane integrity, via anchoring at the cell tip and nuclear envelope, resulting in maintenance of microtubule-derived intracellular mechanical forces (By similarity). Contributes to the transcriptional regulation of the NKX2-5 gene in cardiac progenitor cells during a short period of cardiomyogenesis and in cardiac side population stem cells in the adult. Plays a role in maintaining an optimal conformation of nebulette (NEB) on heart muscle sarcomeres to bind and recruit cardiac alpha-actin (By similarity). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P31001, ECO:0000269|PubMed:24200904, ECO:0000269|PubMed:25394388, ECO:0000269|PubMed:26724190, ECO:0000303|PubMed:25358400}.

Answer 204

GENE NAME: transmembrane protein 198. DESCRIPTION: Promotes LRP6 phosphorylation by casein kinases and thereby plays a role in Wnt signaling. May be a membrane scaffold protein involved in the self-aggregation of LRP6 to further enhance its activity. .

Answer 205

GENE NAME: sodium voltage-gated channel alpha subunit 7. DESCRIPTION: Sodium leak channel functioning as an osmosensor regulating sodium ion levels in various tissues and organs. While most sodium channels are voltage-gated, SCN7A is not and lets sodium flow through membrane along its concentration gradient (PubMed:26537257, PubMed:35301303). In glial cells of the central nervous system, senses body-fluid sodium levels and controls salt intake behavior as well as voluntary water intake through activation of nearby neurons to maintain appropriate sodium levels in the body (By similarity). By mediating sodium influx into keratinocytes, also plays a role in skin barrier homeostasis (PubMed:26537257). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:B1AYL1, ECO:0000269|PubMed:26537257, ECO:0000269|PubMed:35301303}.

Answer 206

GENE NAME: catenin alpha 2. DESCRIPTION: May function as a linker between cadherin adhesion receptors and the cytoskeleton to regulate cell-cell adhesion and differentiation in the nervous system (By similarity). Required for proper regulation of cortical neuronal migration and neurite growth (PubMed:30013181). It acts as a negative regulator of Arp2/3 complex activity and Arp2/3- mediated actin polymerization (PubMed:30013181). It thereby suppresses excessive actin branching which would impair neurite growth and stability (PubMed:30013181). Regulates morphological plasticity of synapses and cerebellar and hippocampal lamination during development. Functions in the control of startle modulation (By similarity). .

Answer 207

GENE NAME: leucine rich repeat transmembrane neuronal 4. DESCRIPTION: May play a role in the development and maintenance of the vertebrate nervous system. Exhibits strong synaptogenic activity, restricted to excitatory presynaptic differentiation (By similarity). .

Answer 208

GENE NAME: leucine rich repeat transmembrane neuronal 1. DESCRIPTION: Exhibits strong synaptogenic activity, restricted to excitatory presynaptic differentiation, acting at both pre- and postsynaptic level. .

Answer 209

GENE NAME: solute carrier family 4 member 10. DESCRIPTION: Sodium/bicarbonate cotransporter which plays an important role in regulating intracellular pH (PubMed:18319254). Has been shown to act as a sodium/bicarbonate cotransporter in exchange for intracellular chloride (By similarity). Has also been shown to act as a sodium/biocarbonate cotransporter which does not couple net influx of bicarbonate to net efflux of chloride, with the observed chloride efflux being due to chloride self-exchange (PubMed:18319254). Controls neuronal pH and may contribute to the secretion of cerebrospinal fluid (By similarity). Reduces the excitability of CA1 pyramidal neurons and modulates short-term synaptic plasticity (By similarity). Required in retinal cells to maintain normal pH which is necessary for normal vision (By similarity). In the kidney, likely to mediate bicarbonate reclamation in the apical membrane of the proximal tubules (By similarity). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q5DTL9, ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q80ZA5, ECO:0000269|PubMed:18319254}.

Answer 210

GENE NAME: frizzled class receptor 7. DESCRIPTION: Receptor for Wnt proteins. Most frizzled receptors are coupled to the beta-catenin canonical signaling pathway, which leads to the activation of disheveled proteins, inhibition of GSK-3 kinase, nuclear accumulation of beta-catenin and activation of Wnt target genes. A second signaling pathway involving PKC and calcium fluxes has been seen for some family members, but it is not yet clear if it represents a distinct pathway or if it can be integrated in the canonical pathway, as PKC seems to be required for Wnt-mediated inactivation of GSK-3 kinase. Both pathways seem to involve interactions with G-proteins. Activation by WNT8 induces expression of beta-catenin target genes (By similarity). Following ligand activation, binds to CCDC88C/DAPLE which displaces DVL1 from FZD7 and leads to inhibition of canonical Wnt signaling, activation of G-proteins by CCDC88C and triggering of non-canonical Wnt responses (PubMed:26126266). May be involved in transduction and intercellular transmission of polarity information during tissue morphogenesis and/or in differentiated tissues. {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q61090, ECO:0000269|PubMed:26126266}. (Microbial infection) Acts as a receptor for C.difficile toxin TcdB in the colonic epithelium. .

Answer 211

GENE NAME: SPHK1 interactor, AKAP domain containing. DESCRIPTION: Anchoring protein that binds preferentially to the type I regulatory subunit of c-AMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA type I) and targets it to distinct subcellular compartments. May act as a converging factor linking cAMP and sphingosine signaling pathways. Plays a regulatory role in the modulation of SPHK1. .

Answer 212

GENE NAME: sodium voltage-gated channel alpha subunit 3. DESCRIPTION: Mediates the voltage-dependent sodium ion permeability of excitable membranes. Assuming opened or closed conformations in response to the voltage difference across the membrane, forms a sodium- selective channel through which Na(+) ions may pass in accordance with their electrochemical gradient (PubMed:24157691, PubMed:28235671, PubMed:29466837). May contribute to the regulation of serotonin/5- hydroxytryptamine release by enterochromaffin cells (By similarity). In pancreatic endocrine cells, required for both glucagon and glucose- induced insulin secretion (By similarity). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:A2ASI5, ECO:0000269|PubMed:24157691, ECO:0000269|PubMed:28235671, ECO:0000269|PubMed:29466837}.

Answer 213

GENE NAME: solute carrier family 5 member 7. DESCRIPTION: High-affinity Na(+)-coupled choline transmembrane symporter (PubMed:11027560, PubMed:11068039, PubMed:12969261, PubMed:17005849, PubMed:23141292, PubMed:23132865, PubMed:12237312, PubMed:27569547). Functions as an electrogenic, voltage-dependent transporter with variable charge/choline stoichiometry (PubMed:17005849). Choline uptake and choline-induced current is also Cl(-)-dependent where Cl(-) is likely a regulatory ion rather than cotransported ion (PubMed:11068039, PubMed:17005849, PubMed:12237312). Plays a critical role in acetylcholine (ACh) synthesis by taking up the substrate choline from the synaptic cleft into the presynaptic nerve terminals after neurotransmitter release (PubMed:27569547). SLC5A7/CHT1-mediated choline high-affinity transport in cholinergic neurons is the rate- limiting step for production of ACh, thereby facilitating communication by subsequent action potentials (PubMed:11027560). Localized predominantly in presynaptic terminal intracellular organelles, and translocated to the plasma membrane in active form in response to neuronal activity (PubMed:12969261, PubMed:15953352). {ECO:0000269|PubMed:11027560, ECO:0000269|PubMed:11068039, ECO:0000269|PubMed:12237312, ECO:0000269|PubMed:12969261, ECO:0000269|PubMed:15953352, ECO:0000269|PubMed:17005849, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23132865, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23141292, ECO:0000269|PubMed:27569547}.

Answer 214

GENE NAME: polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 13. DESCRIPTION: Catalyzes the initial reaction in O-linked oligosaccharide biosynthesis, the transfer of an N-acetyl-D-galactosamine (GalNAc) residue from UDP-GalNAc to a serine or threonine residue on the protein receptor (PubMed:12407114, PubMed:22186971). Generates GalNAc-O-Ser/Thr structure also known as Tn antigen, which itself is immunogenic but also serves as a precursor for the synthesis of different mucin-type O- glycan core structures (PubMed:12407114). Contributes to the synthesis of O-linked glycans on mucins and proteoglycans of the central nervous system. May promote neurogenesis through glycosylation and stabilization of PDPN (PubMed:12407114, PubMed:22186971) (By similarity). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q8CF93, ECO:0000269|PubMed:12407114, ECO:0000269|PubMed:22186971}. [Isoform 1]: Can glycosylate both unmodified peptides and glycopeptides that already contain an O-linked GalNAc sugar. Transfers GalNAc to Thr-/Ser-rich tandem repeats GTTPSPVPTTSTTSAP of MUC5AC, specifically on Thr-3 of non-glycosylated MUC5AC peptide, on Thr-12 and Thr-13 of preglycosylated MUC5AC at Thr-3 (MUC5AC-3), on Thr-3 of preglycosylated MUC5AC at Thr-13 (MUC5AC-13) and on Thr-12 of preglycosylated MUC5AC at Thr-3 and Thr-13 (MUC5AC-3,13). Transfers GalNAc to three consecutive serine/threonine residues on SDC3 forming a triplet-Tn epitope expressed in Purkinje cells of the developing brain. . [Isoform 3]: Can glycosylate both unmodified peptides and glycopeptides that already contain an O-linked GalNAc sugar. Transfers GalNAc to Thr-/Ser-rich tandem repeats GTTPSPVPTTSTTSAP of MUC5AC, specifically on Thr-3 of non-glycosylated MUC5AC peptide, on Thr-12 and Thr-13 of preglycosylated MUC5AC at Thr-3 (MUC5AC-3), on Thr-3 of preglycosylated MUC5AC at Thr-13 (MUC5AC-13) and on Thr-12 of preglycosylated MUC5AC at Thr-3 and Thr-13 (MUC5AC-3,13). .

Answer 215

GENE NAME: solute carrier family 4 member 3. DESCRIPTION: Sodium-independent anion exchanger which mediates the electroneutral exchange of chloride for bicarbonate ions across the cell membrane (PubMed:7923606, PubMed:29167417). May be involved in the regulation of intracellular pH, and the modulation of cardiac action potential (PubMed:29167417). {ECO:0000269|PubMed:29167417, ECO:0000269|PubMed:7923606}.

Answer 216

GENE NAME: kinesin family member 1A. DESCRIPTION: Motor for anterograde axonal transport of synaptic vesicle precursors (PubMed:33880452). Also required for neuronal dense core vesicles (DCVs) transport to the dendritic spines and axons. The interaction calcium-dependent with CALM1 increases vesicle motility and interaction with the scaffolding proteins PPFIA2 and TANC2 recruits DCVs to synaptic sites. {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:F1M4A4, ECO:0000269|PubMed:33880452}.

Answer 217

GENE NAME: beta-1,3-galactosyltransferase 1. DESCRIPTION: Beta-1,3-galactosyltransferase that transfers galactose from UDP-alpha-D-galactose to substrates with a terminal beta-N- acetylglucosamine (beta-GlcNAc) residue. Involved in the biosynthesis of the carbohydrate moieties of glycolipids and glycoproteins. Inactive towards substrates with terminal alpha-N-acetylglucosamine (alpha- GlcNAc) or alpha-N-acetylgalactosamine (alpha-GalNAc) residues. .

Answer 218

GENE NAME: cysteine and serine rich nuclear protein 3. DESCRIPTION: Binds to the consensus sequence 5'-AGAGTG-3' and has transcriptional activator activity. Plays a role in apoptosis (By similarity). .

Answer 219

GENE NAME: sodium voltage-gated channel alpha subunit 2. DESCRIPTION: Mediates the voltage-dependent sodium ion permeability of excitable membranes. Assuming opened or closed conformations in response to the voltage difference across the membrane, the protein forms a sodium-selective channel through which Na(+) ions may pass in accordance with their electrochemical gradient (PubMed:1325650, PubMed:17021166, PubMed:28256214, PubMed:29844171). Implicated in the regulation of hippocampal replay occurring within sharp wave ripples (SPW-R) important for memory (By similarity). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:B1AWN6, ECO:0000269|PubMed:1325650, ECO:0000269|PubMed:17021166, ECO:0000269|PubMed:28256214, ECO:0000269|PubMed:29844171}.

Answer 220

GENE NAME: secretogranin II. DESCRIPTION: Neuroendocrine protein of the granin family that regulates the biogenesis of secretory granules. .

Answer 221

GENE NAME: dipeptidyl peptidase like 10. DESCRIPTION: Promotes cell surface expression of the potassium channel KCND2 (PubMed:15454437). Modulates the activity and gating characteristics of the potassium channel KCND2 (PubMed:15454437). Has no dipeptidyl aminopeptidase activity (PubMed:12662155). {ECO:0000269|PubMed:12662155, ECO:0000269|PubMed:15454437, ECO:0000269|PubMed:15671030}.

Answer 222

GENE NAME: ST6 beta-galactoside alpha-2,6-sialyltransferase 2. DESCRIPTION: Transfers sialic acid from the donor of substrate CMP-sialic acid to galactose containing acceptor substrates. Has alpha-2,6- sialyltransferase activity toward oligosaccharides that have the Gal- beta-1,4-GlcNAc sequence at the non-reducing end of their carbohydrate groups, but it has weak or no activities toward glycoproteins and glycolipids. .

Answer 223

GENE NAME: dihydropyrimidinase like 5. DESCRIPTION: Involved in the negative regulation of dendrite outgrowth. .

Answer 224

GENE NAME: protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type N. DESCRIPTION: Plays a role in vesicle-mediated secretory processes (PubMed:24843546). Required for normal accumulation of secretory vesicles in hippocampus, pituitary and pancreatic islets (By similarity). Required for the accumulation of normal levels of insulin- containing vesicles and preventing their degradation (PubMed:24843546). Plays a role in insulin secretion in response to glucose stimuli (PubMed:24843546). Required for normal accumulation of the neurotransmitters norepinephrine, dopamine and serotonin in the brain (By similarity). In females, but not in males, required for normal accumulation and secretion of pituitary hormones, such as luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) (By similarity). Required to maintain normal levels of renin expression and renin release (By similarity). Seems to lack intrinsic enzyme activity (By similarity). May regulate catalytic active protein-tyrosine phosphatases such as PTPRA through dimerization (By similarity). . [ICA512-transmembrane fragment]: ICA512-TMF regulates dynamics and exocytosis of insulin secretory granules (SGs); binding of ICA512-TMF to SNTB2/beta-2-syntrophin is proposed to restrain SGs mobility and exocytosis by tethering them to the actin cytoskeleton depending on UTRN; the function is inhibited by cytoplasmic ICA512-CFF dimerizing with ICA512-TMF and displacing SNTB2. . [ICA512-cleaved cytosolic fragment]: ICA512-CCF translocated to the nucleus promotes expression of insulin and other granule-related genes; the function implicates binding to and regulating activity of STAT5B probably by preventing its dephosphorylation and potentially by inducing its sumoylation by recruiting PIAS4 (PubMed:15596545, PubMed:16622421, PubMed:18178618). Enhances pancreatic beta-cell proliferation by converging with signaling by STAT5B and STAT3 (PubMed:15596545, PubMed:16622421, PubMed:18178618). ICA512-CCF located in the cytoplasm regulates dynamics and exocytosis of insulin secretory granules (SGs) by dimerizing with ICA512-TMF and displacing SNTB2 thus enhancing SGs mobility and exocytosis (PubMed:18824546, PubMed:20886068). {ECO:0000269|PubMed:15596545, ECO:0000269|PubMed:16622421, ECO:0000269|PubMed:18178618, ECO:0000269|PubMed:18824546, ECO:0000269|PubMed:20886068}.

Answer 225

GENE NAME: SIX homeobox 3. DESCRIPTION: Transcriptional regulator which can act as both a transcriptional repressor and activator by binding a ATTA homeodomain core recognition sequence on these target genes. During forebrain development represses WNT1 expression allowing zona limitans intrathalamica formation and thereby ensuring proper anterio-posterior patterning of the diencephalon and formation of the rostral diencephalon. Acts as a direct upstream activator of SHH expression in the rostral diencephalon ventral midline and that in turn SHH maintains its expression. In addition, Six3 activity is required for the formation of the telencephalon. During postnatal stages of brain development is necessary for ependymal cell maturation by promoting the maturation of radial glia into ependymal cells through regulation of neuroblast proliferation and migration. Acts on the proliferation and differentiation of neural progenitor cells through activating transcription of CCND1 and CCND2. During early lens formation plays a role in lens induction and specification by activating directly PAX6 in the presumptive lens ectoderm. In turn PAX6 activates SIX3 resulting in activation of PDGFRA and CCND1 promoting cell proliferation. Also is required for the neuroretina development by directly suppressing WNT8B expression in the anterior neural plate territory. Its action during retina development and lens morphogenesis is TLE5 and TLE4-dependent manner. Furthermore, during eye development regulates several genes expression. Before and during early lens development represses the CRYGF promoter by binding a SIX repressor element. Directly activates RHO transcription, or cooperates with CRX or NRL. Six3 functions also in the formation of the proximodistal axis of the optic cup, and promotes the formation of optic vesicles-like structures. During pituitary development, acts in parallel or alternatively with HESX1 to control cell proliferation through Wnt/beta-catenin pathway (By similarity). Plays a role in eye development by suppressing WNT1 expression and in dorsal-ventral patterning by repressing BMP signaling pathway. .

Answer 226

GENE NAME: copine 4. DESCRIPTION: Probable calcium-dependent phospholipid-binding protein that may play a role in calcium-mediated intracellular processes. .

Answer 227

GENE NAME: ATPase plasma membrane Ca2+ transporting 2. DESCRIPTION: ATP-driven Ca(2+) ion pump involved in the maintenance of basal intracellular Ca(2+) levels in specialized cells of cerebellar circuit and vestibular and cochlear systems (PubMed:17234811, PubMed:15829536). Uses ATP as an energy source to transport cytosolic Ca(2+) ions across the plasma membrane to the extracellular compartment (PubMed:17234811, PubMed:15829536). Has fast activation and Ca(2+) clearance rate suited to control fast neuronal Ca(2+) dynamics. At parallel fiber to Purkinje neuron synapse, mediates presynaptic Ca(2+) efflux in response to climbing fiber-induced Ca(2+) rise. Provides for fast return of Ca(2+) concentrations back to their resting levels, ultimately contributing to long-term depression induction and motor learning (By similarity). Plays an essential role in hearing and balance (PubMed:17234811, PubMed:15829536). In cochlear hair cells, shuttles Ca(2+) ions from stereocilia to the endolymph and dissipates Ca(2+) transients generated by the opening of the mechanoelectrical transduction channels. Regulates Ca(2+) levels in the vestibular system, where it contributes to the formation of otoconia (PubMed:17234811, PubMed:15829536). In non-excitable cells, regulates Ca(2+) signaling through spatial control of Ca(2+) ions extrusion and dissipation of Ca(2+) transients generated by store-operated channels (PubMed:25690014). In lactating mammary gland, allows for the high content of Ca(2+) ions in the milk (By similarity). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q9R0K7, ECO:0000269|PubMed:15829536, ECO:0000269|PubMed:17234811, ECO:0000269|PubMed:25690014}.

Answer 228

GENE NAME: SLIT and NTRK like family member 3. DESCRIPTION: Suppresses neurite outgrowth. .

Answer 229

GENE NAME: syntaxin binding protein 5L. DESCRIPTION: Plays a role in vesicle trafficking and exocytosis inhibition. In pancreatic beta-cells, inhibits insulin secretion probably by interacting with and regulating STX1A and STX4, key t-SNARE proteins involved in the fusion of insulin granules to the plasma membrane. Also plays a role in neurotransmitter release by inhibiting basal acetylcholine release from axon terminals and by preventing synaptic fatigue upon repetitive stimulation (By similarity). Promotes as well axonal outgrowth (PubMed:25504045). .

Answer 230

GENE NAME: solute carrier family 7 member 14. DESCRIPTION: Imports 4-aminobutanoate (GABA) into lysosomes. May act as a GABA sensor that regulates mTORC2-dependent INS signaling and gluconeogenesis. The transport mechanism and substrate selectivity remain to be elucidated. .

Answer 231

GENE NAME: splA/ryanodine receptor domain and SOCS box containing 4. DESCRIPTION: Substrate recognition component of a SCF-like ECS (Elongin BC-CUL2/5-SOCS-box protein) E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complex which mediates the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins (PubMed:21199876, PubMed:15601820). Negatively regulates nitric oxide (NO) production and limits cellular toxicity in activated macrophages by mediating the ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of NOS2 (PubMed:21199876). Acts as a bridge which links NOS2 with the ECS E3 ubiquitin ligase complex components ELOC and CUL5 (PubMed:21199876). Diminishes EphB2-dependent cell repulsive responses by mediating the ubiquitination and degradation of EphB2/CTF2 (PubMed:28931592). Regulates cellular clock function by mediating the ubiquitin/proteasome-dependent degradation of the circadian transcriptional repressor NR1D1 (PubMed:26392558). {ECO:0000269|PubMed:15601820, ECO:0000269|PubMed:21199876, ECO:0000269|PubMed:26392558, ECO:0000269|PubMed:28931592}.

Answer 232

GENE NAME: glutamate metabotropic receptor 2. DESCRIPTION: G-protein coupled receptor for glutamate. Ligand binding causes a conformation change that triggers signaling via guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) and modulates the activity of down-stream effectors, such as adenylate cyclase. Signaling inhibits adenylate cyclase activity. May mediate suppression of neurotransmission or may be involved in synaptogenesis or synaptic stabilization. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:18297054, ECO:0000269|PubMed:22300836, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23129762, ECO:0000269|PubMed:7620613}.

Answer 233

GENE NAME: bassoon presynaptic cytomatrix protein. DESCRIPTION: Scaffold protein of the presynaptic cytomatrix at the active zone (CAZ) which is the place in the synapse where neurotransmitter is released (PubMed:12812759). After synthesis, participates in the formation of Golgi-derived membranous organelles termed Piccolo-Bassoon transport vesicles (PTVs) that are transported along axons to sites of nascent synaptic contacts (PubMed:19380881). At the presynaptic active zone, regulates the spatial organization of synaptic vesicle cluster, the protein complexes that execute membrane fusion and compensatory endocytosis (By similarity). Functions also in processes other than assembly such as the regulation of specific presynaptic protein ubiquitination by interacting with SIAH1 or the regulation of presynaptic autophagy by associating with ATG5 (By similarity). Mediates also synapse to nucleus communication leading to reconfiguration of gene expression by associating with the transcriptional corepressor CTBP1 and by subsequently reducing the size of its pool available for nuclear import (By similarity). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:O88778, ECO:0000269|PubMed:12812759, ECO:0000269|PubMed:19380881}.

Answer 234

GENE NAME: peroxisomal biogenesis factor 5 like. DESCRIPTION: Accessory subunit of hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channels, regulating their cell-surface expression and cyclic nucleotide dependence. .

Answer 235

GENE NAME: procollagen C-endopeptidase enhancer 2. DESCRIPTION: Binds to the C-terminal propeptide of types I and II procollagens and may enhance the cleavage of that propeptide by BMP1. .

Answer 236

GENE NAME: EPH receptor B3. DESCRIPTION: Receptor tyrosine kinase which binds promiscuously transmembrane ephrin-B family ligands residing on adjacent cells, leading to contact-dependent bidirectional signaling into neighboring cells. The signaling pathway downstream of the receptor is referred to as forward signaling while the signaling pathway downstream of the ephrin ligand is referred to as reverse signaling. Generally has an overlapping and redundant function with EPHB2. Like EPHB2, functions in axon guidance during development regulating for instance the neurons forming the corpus callosum and the anterior commissure, 2 major interhemispheric connections between the temporal lobes of the cerebral cortex. In addition to its role in axon guidance also plays an important redundant role with other ephrin-B receptors in development and maturation of dendritic spines and the formation of excitatory synapses. Controls other aspects of development through regulation of cell migration and positioning. This includes angiogenesis, palate development and thymic epithelium development for instance. Forward and reverse signaling through the EFNB2/EPHB3 complex also regulate migration and adhesion of cells that tubularize the urethra and septate the cloaca. Finally, plays an important role in intestinal epithelium differentiation segregating progenitor from differentiated cells in the crypt. .

Answer 237

GENE NAME: EPH receptor A3. DESCRIPTION: Receptor tyrosine kinase which binds promiscuously membrane- bound ephrin family ligands residing on adjacent cells, leading to contact-dependent bidirectional signaling into neighboring cells. The signaling pathway downstream of the receptor is referred to as forward signaling while the signaling pathway downstream of the ephrin ligand is referred to as reverse signaling. Highly promiscuous for ephrin-A ligands it binds preferentially EFNA5. Upon activation by EFNA5 regulates cell-cell adhesion, cytoskeletal organization and cell migration. Plays a role in cardiac cells migration and differentiation and regulates the formation of the atrioventricular canal and septum during development probably through activation by EFNA1. Involved in the retinotectal mapping of neurons. May also control the segregation but not the guidance of motor and sensory axons during neuromuscular circuit development. .

Answer 238

GENE NAME: protein phosphatase 2 regulatory subunit Bgamma. DESCRIPTION: The B regulatory subunit might modulate substrate selectivity and catalytic activity, and also might direct the localization of the catalytic enzyme to a particular subcellular compartment.

Answer 239

GENE NAME: ankyrin 2. DESCRIPTION: Plays an essential role in the localization and membrane stabilization of ion transporters and ion channels in several cell types, including cardiomyocytes, as well as in striated muscle cells. In skeletal muscle, required for proper localization of DMD and DCTN4 and for the formation and/or stability of a special subset of microtubules associated with costameres and neuromuscular junctions. In cardiomyocytes, required for coordinate assembly of Na/Ca exchanger, SLC8A1/NCX1, Na/K ATPases ATP1A1 and ATP1A2 and inositol 1,4,5- trisphosphate (InsP3) receptors at sarcoplasmic reticulum/sarcolemma sites. Required for expression and targeting of SPTBN1 in neonatal cardiomyocytes and for the regulation of neonatal cardiomyocyte contraction rate (PubMed:12571597). In the inner segment of rod photoreceptors, required for the coordinated expression of the Na/K ATPase, Na/Ca exchanger and beta-2-spectrin (SPTBN1) (By similarity). Plays a role in endocytosis and intracellular protein transport. Associates with phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (PI3P)-positive organelles and binds dynactin to promote long-range motility of cells. Recruits RABGAP1L to (PI3P)-positive early endosomes, where RABGAP1L inactivates RAB22A, and promotes polarized trafficking to the leading edge of the migrating cells. Part of the ANK2/RABGAP1L complex which is required for the polarized recycling of fibronectin receptor ITGA5 ITGB1 to the plasma membrane that enables continuous directional cell migration (By similarity). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q8C8R3, ECO:0000269|PubMed:12571597}.

Answer 240

GENE NAME: leucine rich repeat LGI family member 2. DESCRIPTION: Required for the development of soma-targeting inhibitory GABAergic synapses made by parvalbumin-positive basket cells. .

Answer 241

GENE NAME: GPRIN family member 3. DESCRIPTION: May be involved in neurite outgrowth. .

Answer 242

GENE NAME: potassium voltage-gated channel interacting protein 4. DESCRIPTION: Regulatory subunit of Kv4/D (Shal)-type voltage-gated rapidly inactivating A-type potassium channels. Modulates KCND2 channel density, inactivation kinetics and rate of recovery from inactivation in a calcium-dependent and isoform-specific manner (PubMed:11847232, PubMed:18957440, PubMed:23576435). Modulates KCND3/Kv4.3 currents (PubMed:23576435). Isoform 4 does not increase KCND2 expression at the cell membrane (PubMed:18957440). Isoform 4 retains KCND3 in the endoplasmic reticulum and negatively regulates its expression at the cell membrane. {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q6PHZ8, ECO:0000269|PubMed:11847232, ECO:0000269|PubMed:18957440, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23576435}.

Answer 243

GENE NAME: adhesion G protein-coupled receptor L3. DESCRIPTION: Plays a role in cell-cell adhesion and neuron guidance via its interactions with FLRT2 and FLRT3 that are expressed at the surface of adjacent cells (PubMed:26235030). Plays a role in the development of glutamatergic synapses in the cortex. Important in determining the connectivity rates between the principal neurons in the cortex. .

Answer 244

GENE NAME: dachsous cadherin-related 2. DESCRIPTION: Calcium-dependent cell-adhesion protein. .

Answer 245

GENE NAME: janus kinase and microtubule interacting protein 1. DESCRIPTION: Associates with microtubules and may play a role in the microtubule-dependent transport of the GABA-B receptor. May play a role in JAK1 signaling and regulate microtubule cytoskeleton rearrangements. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:14718537, ECO:0000269|PubMed:15277531, ECO:0000269|PubMed:17532644}.

Answer 246

GENE NAME: protein kinase cGMP-dependent 2. DESCRIPTION: Crucial regulator of intestinal secretion and bone growth. Phosphorylates and activates CFTR on the plasma membrane. Plays a key role in intestinal secretion by regulating cGMP-dependent translocation of CFTR in jejunum (PubMed:33106379). Acts downstream of NMDAR to activate the plasma membrane accumulation of GRIA1/GLUR1 in synapse and increase synaptic plasticity. Phosphorylates GRIA1/GLUR1 at Ser-863 (By similarity). Acts as a regulator of gene expression and activator of the extracellular signal-regulated kinases MAPK3/ERK1 and MAPK1/ERK2 in mechanically stimulated osteoblasts. Under fluid shear stress, mediates ERK activation and subsequent induction of FOS, FOSL1/FRA1, FOSL2/FRA2 and FOSB that play a key role in the osteoblast anabolic response to mechanical stimulation (By similarity). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q61410, ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q64595, ECO:0000269|PubMed:33106379}.

Answer 247

GENE NAME: EPH receptor A5. DESCRIPTION: Receptor tyrosine kinase which binds promiscuously GPI- anchored ephrin-A family ligands residing on adjacent cells, leading to contact-dependent bidirectional signaling into neighboring cells. The signaling pathway downstream of the receptor is referred to as forward signaling while the signaling pathway downstream of the ephrin ligand is referred to as reverse signaling. Among GPI-anchored ephrin-A ligands, EFNA5 most probably constitutes the cognate/functional ligand for EPHA5. Functions as an axon guidance molecule during development and may be involved in the development of the retinotectal, entorhino- hippocampal and hippocamposeptal pathways. Together with EFNA5 plays also a role in synaptic plasticity in adult brain through regulation of synaptogenesis. In addition to its function in the nervous system, the interaction of EPHA5 with EFNA5 mediates communication between pancreatic islet cells to regulate glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (By similarity). .

Answer 248

GENE NAME: N-deacetylase and N-sulfotransferase 3. DESCRIPTION: Essential bifunctional enzyme that catalyzes both the N- deacetylation and the N-sulfation of glucosamine (GlcNAc) of the glycosaminoglycan in heparan sulfate. Modifies the GlcNAc-GlcA disaccharide repeating sugar backbone to make N-sulfated heparosan, a prerequisite substrate for later modifications in heparin biosynthesis. Has high deacetylase activity but low sulfotransferase activity. .

Answer 249

GENE NAME: unc-5 netrin receptor C. DESCRIPTION: Receptor for netrin required for axon guidance (By similarity). Mediates axon repulsion of neuronal growth cones in the developing nervous system upon ligand binding (By similarity). NTN1/Netrin-1 binding might cause dissociation of UNC5C from polymerized TUBB3 in microtubules and thereby lead to increased microtubule dynamics and axon repulsion (PubMed:28483977). Axon repulsion in growth cones may also be caused by its association with DCC that may trigger signaling for repulsion (By similarity). Might also collaborate with DSCAM in NTN1-mediated axon repulsion independently of DCC (By similarity). Also involved in corticospinal tract axon guidance independently of DCC (By similarity). Involved in dorsal root ganglion axon projection towards the spinal cord (PubMed:28483977). It also acts as a dependence receptor required for apoptosis induction when not associated with netrin ligand (By similarity). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:O08747, ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q761X5, ECO:0000269|PubMed:28483977}.

Answer 250

GENE NAME: protein phosphatase 2 regulatory subunit Bbeta. DESCRIPTION: The B regulatory subunit might modulate substrate selectivity and catalytic activity, and also might direct the localization of the catalytic enzyme to a particular subcellular compartment. Within the PP2A holoenzyme complex, isoform 2 is required to promote proapoptotic activity (By similarity). Isoform 2 regulates neuronal survival through the mitochondrial fission and fusion balance (By similarity). .

Answer 251

GENE NAME: catenin delta 2. DESCRIPTION: Has a critical role in neuronal development, particularly in the formation and/or maintenance of dendritic spines and synapses (PubMed:25807484). Involved in the regulation of Wnt signaling (PubMed:25807484). It probably acts on beta-catenin turnover, facilitating beta-catenin interaction with GSK3B, phosphorylation, ubiquitination and degradation (By similarity). Functions as a transcriptional activator when bound to ZBTB33 (By similarity). May be involved in neuronal cell adhesion and tissue morphogenesis and integrity by regulating adhesion molecules. {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:O35927, ECO:0000269|PubMed:25807484, ECO:0000269|PubMed:9971746}.

Answer 252

GENE NAME: cadherin 18. DESCRIPTION: Cadherins are calcium-dependent cell adhesion proteins. They preferentially interact with themselves in a homophilic manner in connecting cells; cadherins may thus contribute to the sorting of heterogeneous cell types.

Answer 253

GENE NAME: synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2C. DESCRIPTION: Plays a role in the control of regulated secretion in neural and endocrine cells, enhancing selectively low-frequency neurotransmission. Positively regulates vesicle fusion by maintaining the readily releasable pool of secretory vesicles. . (Microbial infection) Receptor for C.botulinum neurotoxin type A (BoNT/A, botA); the toxin probably binds via extracellular loop 4 (PubMed:27313224). Recognition by BoNT/A relies on both protein- protein and protein-N-glycosylation; glycosylation of Asn-559 increases its affinity for BoNT/A (PubMed:27313224). Also serves as a receptor for the closely related C.botulinum neurotoxin type A2; glycosylation is not essential but enhances the interaction (PubMed:29649119). {ECO:0000269|PubMed:24240280, ECO:0000269|PubMed:27294781, ECO:0000269|PubMed:27313224, ECO:0000269|PubMed:28252640, ECO:0000269|PubMed:29649119}. (Microbial infection) Possible receptor for C.botulinum neurotoxin type D (BoNT/D, botD); note that type D does not usually infect humans. .

Answer 254

GENE NAME: potassium channel tetramerization domain containing 16. DESCRIPTION: Auxiliary subunit of GABA-B receptors that determine the pharmacology and kinetics of the receptor response. Increases agonist potency and markedly alter the G-protein signaling of the receptors by accelerating onset and promoting desensitization (By similarity). .

Answer 255

GENE NAME: protocadherin gamma subfamily C, 4. DESCRIPTION: Potential calcium-dependent cell-adhesion protein. May be involved in the establishment and maintenance of specific neuronal connections in the brain.

Answer 256

GENE NAME: protocadherin alpha 8. DESCRIPTION: Potential calcium-dependent cell-adhesion protein. May be involved in the establishment and maintenance of specific neuronal connections in the brain.

Answer 257

GENE NAME: protocadherin alpha 11. DESCRIPTION: Potential calcium-dependent cell-adhesion protein. May be involved in the establishment and maintenance of specific neuronal connections in the brain.

Answer 258

GENE NAME: protocadherin alpha 13. DESCRIPTION: Potential calcium-dependent cell-adhesion protein. May be involved in the establishment and maintenance of specific neuronal connections in the brain.

Answer 259

GENE NAME: sarcoglycan delta. DESCRIPTION: Component of the sarcoglycan complex, a subcomplex of the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex which forms a link between the F-actin cytoskeleton and the extracellular matrix.

Answer 260

GENE NAME: cadherin 12. DESCRIPTION: Cadherins are calcium-dependent cell adhesion proteins. They preferentially interact with themselves in a homophilic manner in connecting cells; cadherins may thus contribute to the sorting of heterogeneous cell types.

Answer 261

GENE NAME: hyperpolarization activated cyclic nucleotide gated potassium channel 1. DESCRIPTION: Hyperpolarization-activated ion channel exhibiting weak selectivity for potassium over sodium ions (PubMed:28086084). Contributes to the native pacemaker currents in heart (If) and in neurons (Ih). May mediate responses to sour stimuli. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:15351778, ECO:0000269|PubMed:28086084, ECO:0000269|PubMed:29936235, ECO:0000269|PubMed:30351409}.

Answer 262

GENE NAME: cadherin 6. DESCRIPTION: Cadherins are calcium-dependent cell adhesion proteins. They preferentially interact with themselves in a homophilic manner in connecting cells; cadherins may thus contribute to the sorting of heterogeneous cell types.

Answer 263

GENE NAME: protocadherin beta 16. DESCRIPTION: Potential calcium-dependent cell-adhesion protein. May be involved in the establishment and maintenance of specific neuronal connections in the brain.

Answer 264

GENE NAME: potassium voltage-gated channel interacting protein 1. DESCRIPTION: Regulatory subunit of Kv4/D (Shal)-type voltage-gated rapidly inactivating A-type potassium channels. Regulates channel density, inactivation kinetics and rate of recovery from inactivation in a calcium-dependent and isoform-specific manner. In vitro, modulates KCND1/Kv4.1 and KCND2/Kv4.2 currents. Increases the presence of KCND2 at the cell surface. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:10676964, ECO:0000269|PubMed:11423117, ECO:0000269|PubMed:12829703, ECO:0000269|PubMed:17187064}.

Answer 265

GENE NAME: calcium/calmodulin dependent protein kinase II alpha. DESCRIPTION: Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase that functions autonomously after Ca(2+)/calmodulin-binding and autophosphorylation, and is involved in various processes, such as synaptic plasticity, neurotransmitter release and long-term potentiation (PubMed:14722083). Member of the NMDAR signaling complex in excitatory synapses, it regulates NMDAR-dependent potentiation of the AMPAR and therefore excitatory synaptic transmission (By similarity). Regulates dendritic spine development (PubMed:28130356). Also regulates the migration of developing neurons (PubMed:29100089). Phosphorylates the transcription factor FOXO3 to activate its transcriptional activity (PubMed:23805378). Phosphorylates the transcription factor ETS1 in response to calcium signaling, thereby decreasing ETS1 affinity for DNA (By similarity). In response to interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) stimulation, catalyzes phosphorylation of STAT1, stimulating the JAK- STAT signaling pathway (PubMed:11972023). In response to interferon- beta (IFN-beta) stimulation, stimulates the JAK-STAT signaling pathway (PubMed:35568036). Acts as a negative regulator of 2- arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG)-mediated synaptic signaling via modulation of DAGLA activity (By similarity). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P11275, ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P11798, ECO:0000269|PubMed:11972023, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23805378, ECO:0000269|PubMed:28130356, ECO:0000269|PubMed:29100089}.

Answer 266

GENE NAME: glutamate ionotropic receptor AMPA type subunit 1. DESCRIPTION: Ionotropic glutamate receptor. L-glutamate acts as an excitatory neurotransmitter at many synapses in the central nervous system. Binding of the excitatory neurotransmitter L-glutamate induces a conformation change, leading to the opening of the cation channel, and thereby converts the chemical signal to an electrical impulse. The receptor then desensitizes rapidly and enters a transient inactive state, characterized by the presence of bound agonist. In the presence of CACNG4 or CACNG7 or CACNG8, shows resensitization which is characterized by a delayed accumulation of current flux upon continued application of glutamate. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:20805473, ECO:0000269|PubMed:21172611, ECO:0000269|PubMed:28628100, ECO:0000269|PubMed:35675825}.

Answer 267

GENE NAME: GDNF family receptor alpha 3. DESCRIPTION: Receptor for the glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor, ARTN (artemin). Mediates the artemin-induced autophosphorylation and activation of the RET receptor tyrosine kinase. .

Answer 268

GENE NAME: slit guidance ligand 3. DESCRIPTION: May act as molecular guidance cue in cellular migration, and function may be mediated by interaction with roundabout homolog receptors.

Answer 269

GENE NAME: cadherin 9. DESCRIPTION: Cadherins are calcium-dependent cell adhesion proteins. They preferentially interact with themselves in a homophilic manner in connecting cells; cadherins may thus contribute to the sorting of heterogeneous cell types.

Answer 270

GENE NAME: solute carrier family 35 member F1. DESCRIPTION: Putative solute transporter. .

Answer 271

GENE NAME: tau tubulin kinase 1. DESCRIPTION: Serine/threonine kinase which is able to phosphorylate TAU on serine, threonine and tyrosine residues. Induces aggregation of TAU. .

Answer 272

GENE NAME: cannabinoid receptor 1. DESCRIPTION: G-protein coupled receptor for endogenous cannabinoids (eCBs), including N-arachidonoylethanolamide (also called anandamide or AEA) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), as well as phytocannabinoids, such as delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) (PubMed:15620723, PubMed:27768894, PubMed:27851727). Mediates many cannabinoid-induced effects, acting, among others, on food intake, memory loss, gastrointestinal motility, catalepsy, ambulatory activity, anxiety, chronic pain. Signaling typically involves reduction in cyclic AMP (PubMed:1718258, PubMed:21895628, PubMed:27768894). In the hypothalamus, may have a dual effect on mitochondrial respiration depending upon the agonist dose and possibly upon the cell type. Increases respiration at low doses, while decreases respiration at high doses. At high doses, CNR1 signal transduction involves G-protein alpha-i protein activation and subsequent inhibition of mitochondrial soluble adenylate cyclase, decrease in cyclic AMP concentration, inhibition of protein kinase A (PKA)-dependent phosphorylation of specific subunits of the mitochondrial electron transport system, including NDUFS2. In the hypothalamus, inhibits leptin-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation and mediates cannabinoid-induced increase in SREBF1 and FASN gene expression. In response to cannabinoids, drives the release of orexigenic beta-endorphin, but not that of melanocyte-stimulating hormone alpha/alpha-MSH, from hypothalamic POMC neurons, hence promoting food intake. In the hippocampus, regulates cellular respiration and energy production in response to cannabinoids. Involved in cannabinoid-dependent depolarization-induced suppression of inhibition (DSI), a process in which depolarization of CA1 postsynaptic pyramidal neurons mobilizes eCBs, which retrogradely activate presynaptic CB1 receptors, transiently decreasing GABAergic inhibitory neurotransmission. Also reduces excitatory synaptic transmission (By similarity). In superior cervical ganglions and cerebral vascular smooth muscle cells, inhibits voltage-gated Ca(2+) channels in a constitutive, as well as agonist- dependent manner (PubMed:17895407). In cerebral vascular smooth muscle cells, cannabinoid-induced inhibition of voltage-gated Ca(2+) channels leads to vasodilation and decreased vascular tone (By similarity). Induces leptin production in adipocytes and reduces LRP2-mediated leptin clearance in the kidney, hence participating in hyperleptinemia. In adipose tissue, CNR1 signaling leads to increased expression of SREBF1, ACACA and FASN genes (By similarity). In the liver, activation by endocannabinoids leads to increased de novo lipogenesis and reduced fatty acid catabolism, associated with increased expression of SREBF1/SREBP-1, GCK, ACACA, ACACB and FASN genes. May also affect de novo cholesterol synthesis and HDL-cholesteryl ether uptake. Peripherally modulates energy metabolism (By similarity). In high carbohydrate diet-induced obesity, may decrease the expression of mitochondrial dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase/DLD in striated muscles, as well as that of selected glucose/ pyruvate metabolic enzymes, hence affecting energy expenditure through mitochondrial metabolism (By similarity). In response to cannabinoid anandamide, elicits a pro- inflammatory response in macrophages, which involves NLRP3 inflammasome activation and IL1B and IL18 secretion (By similarity). In macrophages infiltrating pancreatic islets, this process may participate in the progression of type-2 diabetes and associated loss of pancreatic beta- cells (PubMed:23955712). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:O02777, ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P47746, ECO:0000269|PubMed:15620723, ECO:0000269|PubMed:1718258, ECO:0000269|PubMed:17895407, ECO:0000269|PubMed:21895628, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23955712, ECO:0000269|PubMed:27768894, ECO:0000269|PubMed:27851727}. [Isoform 1]: Binds both 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) and anandamide. . [Isoform 2]: Only binds 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) with high affinity. Contrary to its effect on isoform 1, 2-AG behaves as an inverse agonist on isoform 2 in assays measuring GTP binding to membranes. . [Isoform 3]: Only binds 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) with high affinity. Contrary to its effect on isoform 1, 2-AG behaves as an inverse agonist on isoform 3 in assays measuring GTP binding to membranes. .

Answer 273

GENE NAME: clavesin 2. DESCRIPTION: Required for normal morphology of late endosomes and/or lysosomes in neurons (By similarity). Binds phosphatidylinositol 3,5- bisphosphate (PtdIns(3,5)P2). {ECO:0000250, ECO:0000269|PubMed:19651769}.

Answer 274

GENE NAME: serine and arginine rich splicing factor 12. DESCRIPTION: Splicing factor that seems to antagonize SR proteins in pre- mRNA splicing regulation. .

Answer 275

GENE NAME: glycosylphosphatidylinositol specific phospholipase D1. DESCRIPTION: This protein hydrolyzes the inositol phosphate linkage in proteins anchored by phosphatidylinositol glycans (GPI-anchor) thus releasing these proteins from the membrane.

Answer 276

GENE NAME: cholinergic receptor muscarinic 2. DESCRIPTION: The muscarinic acetylcholine receptor mediates various cellular responses, including inhibition of adenylate cyclase, breakdown of phosphoinositides and modulation of potassium channels through the action of G proteins. Primary transducing effect is adenylate cyclase inhibition. Signaling promotes phospholipase C activity, leading to the release of inositol trisphosphate (IP3); this then triggers calcium ion release into the cytosol. .

Answer 277

GENE NAME: piccolo presynaptic cytomatrix protein. DESCRIPTION: Scaffold protein of the presynaptic cytomatrix at the active zone (CAZ) which is the place in the synapse where neurotransmitter is released (By similarity). After synthesis, participates in the formation of Golgi-derived membranous organelles termed Piccolo-Bassoon transport vesicles (PTVs) that are transported along axons to sites of nascent synaptic contacts (By similarity). At the presynaptic active zone, regulates the spatial organization of synaptic vesicle cluster, the protein complexes that execute membrane fusion and compensatory endocytosis (By similarity). Organizes as well the readily releasable pool of synaptic vesicles and safeguards a fraction of them to be not immediately available for action potential-induced release (By similarity). Functions also in processes other than assembly such as the regulation of specific presynaptic protein ubiquitination by interacting with SIAH1 or the regulation of presynaptic autophagy (By similarity). Mediates also synapse to nucleus communication leading to reconfiguration of gene expression by associating with the transcriptional corepressor CTBP1 and by subsequently reducing the size of its pool available for nuclear import (By similarity). .

Answer 278

GENE NAME: contactin associated protein 2. DESCRIPTION: Required for gap junction formation (Probable). Required, with CNTNAP1, for radial and longitudinal organization of myelinated axons. Plays a role in the formation of functional distinct domains critical for saltatory conduction of nerve impulses in myelinated nerve fibers. Demarcates the juxtaparanodal region of the axo-glial junction. .

Answer 279

GENE NAME: actin like 6B. DESCRIPTION: Involved in transcriptional activation and repression of select genes by chromatin remodeling (alteration of DNA-nucleosome topology). Component of SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complexes that carry out key enzymatic activities, changing chromatin structure by altering DNA-histone contacts within a nucleosome in an ATP-dependent manner. Belongs to the neuron-specific chromatin remodeling complex (nBAF complex), as such plays a role in remodeling mononucleosomes in an ATP-dependent fashion, and is required for postmitotic neural development and dendritic outgrowth. During neural development a switch from a stem/progenitor to a postmitotic chromatin remodeling mechanism occurs as neurons exit the cell cycle and become committed to their adult state. The transition from proliferating neural stem/progenitor cells to postmitotic neurons requires a switch in subunit composition of the npBAF and nBAF complexes. As neural progenitors exit mitosis and differentiate into neurons, npBAF complexes which contain ACTL6A/BAF53A and PHF10/BAF45A, are exchanged for homologous alternative ACTL6B/BAF53B and DPF1/BAF45B or DPF3/BAF45C subunits in neuron- specific complexes (nBAF). The npBAF complex is essential for the self- renewal/proliferative capacity of the multipotent neural stem cells. The nBAF complex along with CREST plays a role regulating the activity of genes essential for dendrite growth. ACTL6B/BAF53B is not essential for assembly of the nBAF complex but is required for targeting the complex and CREST to the promoter of genes essential for dendritic growth (By similarity). Essential for neuronal maturation and dendrite development (PubMed:31031012). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q99MR0, ECO:0000269|PubMed:31031012, ECO:0000303|PubMed:22952240, ECO:0000303|PubMed:26601204}.

Answer 280

GENE NAME: glutamate metabotropic receptor 8. DESCRIPTION: G-protein coupled receptor for glutamate. Ligand binding causes a conformation change that triggers signaling via guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) and modulates the activity of down-stream effectors, such as adenylate cyclase. Signaling inhibits adenylate cyclase activity. .

Answer 281

GENE NAME: VGF nerve growth factor inducible. DESCRIPTION: [Neurosecretory protein VGF]: Secreted polyprotein that is packaged and proteolytically processed by prohormone convertases PCSK1 and PCSK2 in a cell-type-specific manner (By similarity). VGF and peptides derived from its processing play many roles in neurogenesis and neuroplasticity associated with learning, memory, depression and chronic pain (By similarity). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P20156, ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q0VGU4}. [Neuroendocrine regulatory peptide-1]: Plays a role in the control of body fluid homeostasis by regulating vasopressin release. Suppresses presynaptic glutamatergic neurons connected to vasopressin neurons. . [Neuroendocrine regulatory peptide-2]: Plays a role in the control of body fluid homeostasis by regulating vasopressin release. Activates GABAergic interneurons which are inhibitory neurons of the nervous system and thereby suppresses presynaptic glutamatergic neurons (By similarity). Stimulates also feeding behavior in an orexin- dependent manner in the hypothalamus (By similarity). Functions as a positive regulator for the activation of orexin neurons resulting in elevated gastric acid secretion and gastric emptying (By similarity). . [VGF-derived peptide TLQP-21]: Secreted multifunctional neuropeptide that binds to different cell receptors and thereby plays multiple physiological roles including modulation of energy expenditure, pain, response to stress, gastric regulation, glucose homeostasis as well as lipolysis (By similarity). Activates the G- protein-coupled receptor C3AR1 via a folding-upon-binding mechanism leading to enhanced lipolysis in adipocytes (By similarity). Interacts with C1QBP receptor in macrophages and microglia causing increased levels of intracellular calcium and hypersensitivity (By similarity). . [VGF-derived peptide TLQP-62]: Plays a role in the regulation of memory formation and depression-related behaviors potentially by influencing synaptic plasticity and neurogenesis. Induces acute and transient activation of the NTRK2/TRKB receptor and subsequent CREB phosphorylation (By similarity). Induces also insulin secretion in insulinoma cells by increasing intracellular calcium mobilization (By similarity). . [Antimicrobial peptide VGF[554-577]]: Has bactericidal activity against M. luteus, and antifungal activity against P. Pastoris. .

Answer 282

GENE NAME: pleiotrophin. DESCRIPTION: Secreted growth factor that mediates its signal through cell- surface proteoglycan and non-proteoglycan receptors (PubMed:16814777, PubMed:11278720, PubMed:19141530). Binds cell-surface proteoglycan receptor via their chondroitin sulfate (CS) groups (PubMed:26896299, PubMed:27445335). Thereby regulates many processes like cell proliferation, cell survival, cell growth, cell differentiation and cell migration in several tissues namely neuron and bone (PubMed:1733956, PubMed:1768439, PubMed:11278720, PubMed:19141530, PubMed:27445335, PubMed:30667096, PubMed:19442624). Also plays a role in synaptic plasticity and learning-related behavior by inhibiting long-term synaptic potentiation (By similarity). Binds PTPRZ1, leading to neutralization of the negative charges of the CS chains of PTPRZ1, inducing PTPRZ1 clustering, thereby causing the dimerization and inactivation of its phosphatase activity leading to increased tyrosine phosphorylation of each of the PTPRZ1 substrates like ALK, CTNNB1 or AFAP1L2 in order to activate the PI3K-AKT pathway (PubMed:17681947, PubMed:27445335, PubMed:30667096, PubMed:16814777, PubMed:10706604). Through PTPRZ1 binding controls oligodendrocyte precursor cell differentiation by enhancing the phosphorylation of AFAP1L2 in order to activate the PI3K-AKT pathway (PubMed:27445335, PubMed:30667096). Forms a complex with PTPRZ1 and integrin alpha-V/beta-3 (ITGAV:ITGB3) that stimulates endothelial cell migration through SRC dephosphorylation and activation that consequently leads to ITGB3 'Tyr-773' phosphorylation (PubMed:19141530). In adult hippocampus promotes dendritic arborization, spine development, and functional integration and connectivity of newborn granule neurons through ALK by activating AKT signaling pathway (By similarity). Binds GPC2 and chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) at the neuron surface, leading to abrogation of binding between PTPRS and CSPGs and neurite outgrowth promotion (By similarity). Binds SDC3 and mediates bone formation by recruiting and attaching osteoblasts/osteoblast precursors to the sites for new bone deposition (By similarity). Binds ALK and promotes cell survival and cell proliferation through MAPK pathway activation (PubMed:11278720). Inhibits proliferation and enhances differentiation of neural stem cells by inhibiting FGF2-induced fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway (By similarity). Mediates regulatory mechanisms in normal hemostasis and in hematopoietic regeneration and in maintaining the balance of myeloid and lymphoid regeneration (By similarity). In addition may play a role in the female reproductive system, auditory response and the progesterone-induced decidualization pathway (By similarity). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P63089, ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P63090, ECO:0000269|PubMed:10706604, ECO:0000269|PubMed:11278720, ECO:0000269|PubMed:16814777, ECO:0000269|PubMed:1733956, ECO:0000269|PubMed:17681947, ECO:0000269|PubMed:1768439, ECO:0000269|PubMed:19141530, ECO:0000269|PubMed:19442624, ECO:0000269|PubMed:26896299, ECO:0000269|PubMed:27445335, ECO:0000269|PubMed:30667096}.

Answer 283

GENE NAME: potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2. DESCRIPTION: Pore-forming (alpha) subunit of voltage-gated inwardly rectifying potassium channel. Channel properties are modulated by cAMP and subunit assembly. Mediates the rapidly activating component of the delayed rectifying potassium current in heart (IKr) (PubMed:18559421, PubMed:26363003, PubMed:27916661). {ECO:0000269|PubMed:18559421, ECO:0000269|PubMed:26363003, ECO:0000269|PubMed:27916661}. [Isoform A-USO]: Has no channel activity by itself, but modulates channel characteristics by forming heterotetramers with other isoforms which are retained intracellularly and undergo ubiquitin- dependent degradation. . [Isoform B-USO]: Has no channel activity by itself, but modulates channel characteristics by forming heterotetramers with other isoforms which are retained intracellularly and undergo ubiquitin- dependent degradation. .

Answer 284

GENE NAME: tachykinin precursor 1. DESCRIPTION: Tachykinins are active peptides which excite neurons, evoke behavioral responses, are potent vasodilators and secretagogues, and contract (directly or indirectly) many smooth muscles.

Answer 285

GENE NAME: neurexophilin 1. DESCRIPTION: May be signaling molecules that resemble neuropeptides and that act by binding to alpha-neurexins and possibly other receptors. .

Answer 286

GENE NAME: adenylate cyclase 8. DESCRIPTION: Catalyzes the formation of cAMP in response to calcium entry leadings to cAMP signaling activation that affect processes suche as synaptic plasticity and insulin secretion. Plays a role in many brain functions, such as learning, memory, drug addiction, and anxiety modulation through regulation of synaptic plasticity by modulating long-term memory and long-term potentiation (LTP) through CREB transcription factor activity modulation. Plays a central role in insulin secretion by controlling glucose homeostasis through glucagon- like peptide 1 and glucose signaling pathway and maintains insulin secretion through calcium-dependent PKA activation leading to vesicle pool replenishment. Also, allows PTGER3 to induce potentiation of PTGER4-mediated PLA2 secretion by switching from a negative to a positive regulation, during the IL1B induced-dedifferentiation of smooth muscle cells. .

Answer 287

GENE NAME: stathmin 4. DESCRIPTION: Exhibits microtubule-destabilizing activity. .

Answer 288

GENE NAME: lymphocyte antigen 6 family member H. DESCRIPTION: Believed to act as a modulator of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) activity. In vitro inhibits alpha-3:beta-4- containing nAChRs maximum response. May play a role in the intracellular trafficking of alpha-7-containing nAChRs and may inhibit their expression at the cell surface. Seems to inhibit alpha-7/CHRNA7 signaling in hippocampal neurons. {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:F1LNW6, ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q9WUC3}.

Answer 289

GENE NAME: phosphoprotein membrane anchor with glycosphingolipid microdomains 1. DESCRIPTION: Negatively regulates TCR (T-cell antigen receptor)-mediated signaling in T-cells and FCER1 (high affinity immunoglobulin epsilon receptor)-mediated signaling in mast cells. Promotes CSK activation and recruitment to lipid rafts, which results in LCK inhibition. Inhibits immunological synapse formation by preventing dynamic arrangement of lipid raft proteins. May be involved in cell adhesion signaling. .

Answer 290

GENE NAME: neurofilament light chain. DESCRIPTION: Neurofilaments usually contain three intermediate filament proteins: NEFL, NEFM, and NEFH which are involved in the maintenance of neuronal caliber. May additionally cooperate with the neuronal intermediate filament proteins PRPH and INA to form neuronal filamentous networks (By similarity). .

Answer 291

GENE NAME: stathmin 2. DESCRIPTION: Regulator of microtubule stability. When phosphorylated by MAPK8, stabilizes microtubules and consequently controls neurite length in cortical neurons. In the developing brain, negatively regulates the rate of exit from multipolar stage and retards radial migration from the ventricular zone (By similarity). .

Answer 292

GENE NAME: XK related 4. DESCRIPTION: [XK-related protein 4, processed form]: Phospholipid scramblase that promotes phosphatidylserine exposure on apoptotic cell surface (PubMed:25231987, PubMed:33725486). Phosphatidylserine is a specific marker only present at the surface of apoptotic cells and acts as a specific signal for engulfment (PubMed:25231987, PubMed:33725486). .

Answer 293

GENE NAME: adhesion G protein-coupled receptor B1. DESCRIPTION: Phosphatidylserine receptor which enhances the engulfment of apoptotic cells (PubMed:24509909). Also mediates the binding and engulfment of Gram-negative bacteria (PubMed:26838550). Stimulates production of reactive oxygen species by macrophages in response to Gram-negative bacteria, resulting in enhanced microbicidal macrophage activity (PubMed:26838550). In the gastric mucosa, required for recognition and engulfment of apoptotic gastric epithelial cells (PubMed:24509909). Promotes myoblast fusion (By similarity). Activates the Rho pathway in a G-protein-dependent manner (PubMed:23782696). Inhibits MDM2-mediated ubiquitination and degradation of DLG4/PSD95, promoting DLG4 stability and regulating synaptic plasticity (By similarity). Required for the formation of dendritic spines by ensuring the correct localization of PARD3 and TIAM1 (By similarity). Potent inhibitor of angiogenesis in brain and may play a significant role as a mediator of the p53/TP53 signal in suppression of glioblastoma (PubMed:11875720). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:C0HL12, ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q3UHD1, ECO:0000269|PubMed:11875720, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23782696, ECO:0000269|PubMed:24509909, ECO:0000269|PubMed:26838550}. [Vasculostatin-120]: Inhibits angiogenesis in a CD36- dependent manner. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:15782143, ECO:0000269|PubMed:19176395}. [Vasculostatin-40]: Inhibits angiogenesis. .

Answer 294

GENE NAME: cytochrome P450 family 7 subfamily B member 1. DESCRIPTION: A cytochrome P450 monooxygenase involved in the metabolism of endogenous oxysterols and steroid hormones, including neurosteroids (PubMed:10588945, PubMed:24491228). Mechanistically, uses molecular oxygen inserting one oxygen atom into a substrate, and reducing the second into a water molecule, with two electrons provided by NADPH via cytochrome P450 reductase (CPR; NADPH-ferrihemoprotein reductase) (PubMed:10588945, PubMed:24491228). Catalyzes the hydroxylation of carbon hydrogen bonds of steroids with a preference for 7-alpha position (PubMed:10588945, PubMed:24491228). Usually metabolizes steroids carrying a hydroxy group at position 3, functioning as a 3- hydroxy steroid 7-alpha hydroxylase (PubMed:24491228). Hydroxylates oxysterols, including 25-hydroxycholesterol and (25R)-cholest-5-ene- 3beta,26-diol toward 7-alpha hydroxy derivatives, which may be transported to the liver and converted to bile acids (PubMed:9802883, PubMed:10588945). Via its product 7-alpha,25-dihydroxycholesterol, a ligand for the chemotactic G protein-coupled receptor GPR183/EBI2, regulates B cell migration in germinal centers of lymphoid organs, thus guiding efficient maturation of plasma B cells and overall antigen- specific humoral immune response (By similarity). 7-alpha hydroxylates neurosteroids, including 3beta-hydroxyandrost-5-en-17-one (dehydroepiandrosterone) and pregnenolone, both involved in hippocampus-associated memory and learning (PubMed:24491228). Metabolizes androstanoids toward 6- or 7-alpha hydroxy derivatives (PubMed:24491228). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q60991, ECO:0000269|PubMed:10588945, ECO:0000269|PubMed:24491228, ECO:0000269|PubMed:9802883}.

Answer 295

GENE NAME: CUB and Sushi multiple domains 3. DESCRIPTION: Involved in dendrite development. .

Answer 296

GENE NAME: lipoprotein lipase. DESCRIPTION: Key enzyme in triglyceride metabolism. Catalyzes the hydrolysis of triglycerides from circulating chylomicrons and very low density lipoproteins (VLDL), and thereby plays an important role in lipid clearance from the blood stream, lipid utilization and storage (PubMed:8675619, PubMed:11342582, PubMed:27578112). Although it has both phospholipase and triglyceride lipase activities it is primarily a triglyceride lipase with low but detectable phospholipase activity (PubMed:7592706, PubMed:12032167). Mediates margination of triglyceride-rich lipoprotein particles in capillaries (PubMed:24726386). Recruited to its site of action on the luminal surface of vascular endothelium by binding to GPIHBP1 and cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans (PubMed:11342582, PubMed:27811232). {ECO:0000269|PubMed:11342582, ECO:0000269|PubMed:12032167, ECO:0000269|PubMed:24726386, ECO:0000269|PubMed:27578112, ECO:0000269|PubMed:27811232, ECO:0000269|PubMed:7592706, ECO:0000269|PubMed:8675619}.

Answer 297

GENE NAME: DIRAS family GTPase 2. DESCRIPTION: Displays low GTPase activity and exists predominantly in the GTP-bound form. .

Answer 298

GENE NAME: phospholipid phosphatase related 1. DESCRIPTION: May play a role in neurite outgrowth and neurogenesis. .

Answer 299

GENE NAME: WNK lysine deficient protein kinase 2. DESCRIPTION: Serine/threonine-protein kinase component of the WNK2- SPAK/OSR1 kinase cascade, which plays an important role in the regulation of electrolyte homeostasis, cell signaling, survival, and proliferation (PubMed:17667937, PubMed:18593598, PubMed:21733846). The WNK2-SPAK/OSR1 kinase cascade is composed of WNK2, which mediates phosphorylation and activation of downstream kinases OXSR1/OSR1 and STK39/SPAK (By similarity). Following activation, OXSR1/OSR1 and STK39/SPAK catalyze phosphorylation of ion cotransporters, regulating their activity (By similarity). Acts as an activator and inhibitor of sodium-coupled chloride cotransporters and potassium-coupled chloride cotransporters respectively (PubMed:21733846). Activates SLC12A2, SCNN1A, SCNN1B, SCNN1D and SGK1 and inhibits SLC12A5 (PubMed:21733846). Negatively regulates the EGF-induced activation of the ERK/MAPK-pathway and the downstream cell cycle progression (PubMed:17667937, PubMed:18593598). Affects MAPK3/MAPK1 activity by modulating the activity of MAP2K1 and this modulation depends on phosphorylation of MAP2K1 by PAK1 (PubMed:17667937, PubMed:18593598). WNK2 acts by interfering with the activity of PAK1 by controlling the balance of the activity of upstream regulators of PAK1 activity, RHOA and RAC1, which display reciprocal activity (PubMed:17667937, PubMed:18593598). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q9H4A3, ECO:0000269|PubMed:17667937, ECO:0000269|PubMed:18593598, ECO:0000269|PubMed:21733846}.

Answer 300

GENE NAME: glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 1. DESCRIPTION: Component of NMDA receptor complexes that function as heterotetrameric, ligand-gated ion channels with high calcium permeability and voltage-dependent sensitivity to magnesium. Channel activation requires binding of the neurotransmitter glutamate to the epsilon subunit, glycine binding to the zeta subunit, plus membrane depolarization to eliminate channel inhibition by Mg(2+) (PubMed:7685113, PubMed:28126851, PubMed:26919761, PubMed:26875626, PubMed:28105280). Sensitivity to glutamate and channel kinetics depend on the subunit composition (PubMed:26919761). {ECO:0000269|PubMed:26875626, ECO:0000269|PubMed:26919761, ECO:0000269|PubMed:28105280, ECO:0000269|PubMed:28126851, ECO:0000269|PubMed:7685113}.

Answer 301

GENE NAME: ciliary neurotrophic factor receptor. DESCRIPTION: Binds to CNTF. The alpha subunit provides the receptor specificity. Receptor for heterodimeric neurotropic cytokine composed of CLCF1/CLC and CRLF1/CLF-1 (PubMed:26858303). Acts as a receptor for the neuroprotective peptide humanin as part of a complex with IL6ST/GP130 and IL27RA/WSX1 (PubMed:19386761). .

Answer 302

GENE NAME: Rho GTPase activating protein 36. DESCRIPTION: GTPase activator for the Rho-type GTPases by converting them to an inactive GDP-bound state. .

Answer 303

GENE NAME: synaptotagmin like 5. DESCRIPTION: May act as Rab effector protein and play a role in vesicle trafficking. Binds phospholipids.

Answer 304

GENE NAME: p21 (RAC1) activated kinase 3. DESCRIPTION: Serine/threonine protein kinase that plays a role in a variety of different signaling pathways including cytoskeleton regulation, cell migration, or cell cycle regulation. Plays a role in dendrite spine morphogenesis as well as synapse formation and plasticity. Acts as a downstream effector of the small GTPases CDC42 and RAC1. Activation by the binding of active CDC42 and RAC1 results in a conformational change and a subsequent autophosphorylation on several serine and/or threonine residues. Phosphorylates MAPK4 and MAPK6 and activates the downstream target MAPKAPK5, a regulator of F-actin polymerization and cell migration. Additionally, phosphorylates TNNI3/troponin I to modulate calcium sensitivity and relaxation kinetics of thin myofilaments. May also be involved in early neuronal development. In hippocampal neurons, necessary for the formation of dendritic spines and excitatory synapses; this function is dependent on kinase activity and may be exerted by the regulation of actomyosin contractility through the phosphorylation of myosin II regulatory light chain (MLC) (By similarity). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q61036, ECO:0000269|PubMed:21177870}.

Answer 305

GENE NAME: glypican 3. DESCRIPTION: Cell surface proteoglycan (PubMed:14610063). Negatively regulates the hedgehog signaling pathway when attached via the GPI- anchor to the cell surface by competing with the hedgehog receptor PTC1 for binding to hedgehog proteins (By similarity). Binding to the hedgehog protein SHH triggers internalization of the complex by endocytosis and its subsequent lysosomal degradation (By similarity). Positively regulates the canonical Wnt signaling pathway by binding to the Wnt receptor Frizzled and stimulating the binding of the Frizzled receptor to Wnt ligands (PubMed:16227623, PubMed:24496449). Positively regulates the non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway (By similarity). Binds to CD81 which decreases the availability of free CD81 for binding to the transcriptional repressor HHEX, resulting in nuclear translocation of HHEX and transcriptional repression (By similarity). Inhibits the dipeptidyl peptidase activity of DPP4 (PubMed:17549790). Plays a role in limb patterning and skeletal development by controlling the cellular response to BMP4 (By similarity). Modulates the effects of growth factors BMP2, BMP7 and FGF7 on renal branching morphogenesis (By similarity). Required for coronary vascular development (By similarity). Plays a role in regulating cell movements during gastrulation (By similarity). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q6V9Y8, ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q8CFZ4, ECO:0000269|PubMed:14610063, ECO:0000269|PubMed:16227623, ECO:0000269|PubMed:17549790, ECO:0000269|PubMed:24496449}.

Answer 306

GENE NAME: fibroblast growth factor 13. DESCRIPTION: Microtubule-binding protein which directly binds tubulin and is involved in both polymerization and stabilization of microtubules (By similarity). Through its action on microtubules, may participate in the refinement of axons by negatively regulating axonal and leading processes branching (By similarity). Plays a crucial role in neuron polarization and migration in the cerebral cortex and the hippocampus (By similarity). Regulates voltage-gated sodium channel transport and function (PubMed:15282281, PubMed:33245860, PubMed:36696443). May also play a role in MAPK signaling (By similarity). Required for the development of axonal initial segment-targeting inhibitory GABAergic synapses made by chandelier neurons (By similarity). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P70377, ECO:0000269|PubMed:15282281, ECO:0000269|PubMed:33245860, ECO:0000269|PubMed:36696443}.

Answer 307

GENE NAME: adhesion G protein-coupled receptor G2. DESCRIPTION: Orphan receptor. Could be involved in a signal transduction pathway controlling epididymal function and male fertility. May regulate fluid exchange within epididymis. .

Answer 308

GENE NAME: L1 cell adhesion molecule. DESCRIPTION: Neural cell adhesion molecule involved in the dynamics of cell adhesion and in the generation of transmembrane signals at tyrosine kinase receptors. During brain development, critical in multiple processes, including neuronal migration, axonal growth and fasciculation, and synaptogenesis. In the mature brain, plays a role in the dynamics of neuronal structure and function, including synaptic plasticity. .

Answer 309

GENE NAME: protocadherin 11 X-linked. DESCRIPTION: Potential calcium-dependent cell-adhesion protein.

Answer 310

GENE NAME: NHS actin remodeling regulator. DESCRIPTION: May function in cell morphology by maintaining the integrity of the circumferential actin ring and controlling lamellipod formation. Involved in the regulation eye, tooth, brain and craniofacial development. .

Answer 311

GENE NAME: calcyon neuron specific vesicular protein. DESCRIPTION: Interacts with clathrin light chain A and stimulates clathrin self-assembly and clathrin-mediated endocytosis. .

Answer 312

GENE NAME: dorsal root ganglia homeobox. DESCRIPTION: Transcription factor required for the formation of correct projections from nociceptive sensory neurons to the dorsal horn of the spinal cord and normal perception of pain. .

Answer 313

GENE NAME: complement C1q like 3. DESCRIPTION: May regulate the number of excitatory synapses that are formed on hippocampus neurons. Has no effect on inhibitory synapses (By similarity). Plays a role in glucose homeostasis. Via AMPK signaling pathway, stimulates glucose uptake in adipocytes, myotubes and hepatocytes and enhances insulin-stimulated glucose uptake. In a hepatoma cell line, reduces the expression of gluconeogenic enzymes G6PC1 and PCK1 and hence decreases de novo glucose production (By similarity). .

Answer 314

GENE NAME: golgin A7 family member B. DESCRIPTION: Play a role in cell adhesion by regulating the plasma membrane localization of the palmitoyltransferase ZDHHC5 (PubMed:31402609). May be involved in protein transport from Golgi to cell surface. .

Answer 315

GENE NAME: G protein-coupled receptor 158. DESCRIPTION: Metabotropic receptor for glycine that controls synapse formation and function in the brain (PubMed:36996198). Acts as an atypical G-protein coupled receptor that recruits and regulates the RGS7-GNB5 complex instead of activating G proteins (PubMed:31189666, PubMed:36996198). In absence of glycine ligand, promotes the GTPase activator activity of RGS7, increasing the GTPase activity of G protein alpha subunits, thereby driving them into their inactive GDP-bound form (PubMed:36996198). Glycine-binding changes the conformation of the intracellular surface, inhibiting the GTPase activator activity of the RGS7-GNB5 complex, promoting G protein alpha subunits into their active GTP-bound form and regulating cAMP levels (PubMed:36996198). Also able to bind taurine, a compound closely related to glycine, but with a two- fold lower affinity (PubMed:36996198). Glycine receptor-dependent regulation of cAMP controls key ion channels, kinases and neurotrophic factors involved in neuronal excitability and synaptic transmission (PubMed:36996198). Plays a pivotal role in regulating mood and cognition via its ability to regulate neuronal excitability in L2/L3 pyramidal neurons of the prefrontal cortex (By similarity). Also involved in spatial learning by regulating hippocampal CA1 neuronal excitability (By similarity). Acts as a synaptic organizer in the hippocampus, required for proper mossy fiber-CA3 neurocircuitry establishment, structure and function: induces presynaptic differentiation in contacting axons via its interaction with GPC4 (By similarity). In addition to glycine, may also act as a receptor for osteocalcin (BGLAP) hormone: osteocalcin-binding initiates a signaling response that prevents neuronal apoptosis in the hippocampus and regulates the synthesis of neurotransmitters (By similarity). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q8C419, ECO:0000269|PubMed:31189666, ECO:0000269|PubMed:36996198}.

Answer 316

GENE NAME: V-set and transmembrane domain containing 4. DESCRIPTION: Peptide Lv enhances L-type voltage-gated calcium channel (L- VGCC) currents in retinal photoreceptors. .

Answer 317

GENE NAME: inhibitory synaptic factor 2A. DESCRIPTION: Component of the protein machinery at the inhibitory synapses, probably acting as a scaffold. Inhibitory synapses dampen neuronal activity through postsynaptic hyperpolarization. This synaptic inhibition is fundamental for the functioning of the central nervous system, shaping and orchestrating the flow of information through neuronal networks to generate a precise neural code. .

Answer 318

GENE NAME: adrenoceptor alpha 2A. DESCRIPTION: Alpha-2 adrenergic receptors mediate the catecholamine- induced inhibition of adenylate cyclase through the action of G proteins. The rank order of potency for agonists of this receptor is oxymetazoline > clonidine > epinephrine > norepinephrine > phenylephrine > dopamine > p-synephrine > p-tyramine > serotonin = p- octopamine. For antagonists, the rank order is yohimbine > phentolamine = mianserine > chlorpromazine = spiperone = prazosin > propanolol > alprenolol = pindolol. .

Answer 319

GENE NAME: slit guidance ligand 1. DESCRIPTION: Thought to act as molecular guidance cue in cellular migration, and function appears to be mediated by interaction with roundabout homolog receptors. During neural development involved in axonal navigation at the ventral midline of the neural tube and projection of axons to different regions (By similarity). SLIT1 and SLIT2 together seem to be essential for midline guidance in the forebrain by acting as repulsive signal preventing inappropriate midline crossing by axons projecting from the olfactory bulb. .

Answer 320

GENE NAME: GDNF family receptor alpha 1. DESCRIPTION: Receptor for GDNF. Mediates the GDNF-induced autophosphorylation and activation of the RET receptor (By similarity). .

Answer 321

GENE NAME: retinol binding protein 4. DESCRIPTION: Retinol-binding protein that mediates retinol transport in blood plasma (PubMed:5541771). Delivers retinol from the liver stores to the peripheral tissues (Probable). Transfers the bound all-trans retinol to STRA6, that then facilitates retinol transport across the cell membrane (PubMed:22665496). {ECO:0000269|PubMed:22665496, ECO:0000305, ECO:0000305|PubMed:5541771}.

Answer 322

GENE NAME: cyclin and CBS domain divalent metal cation transport mediator 1. DESCRIPTION: Probable metal transporter. .

Answer 323

GENE NAME: choline O-acetyltransferase. DESCRIPTION: Catalyzes the reversible synthesis of acetylcholine (ACh) from acetyl CoA and choline at cholinergic synapses. .

Answer 324

GENE NAME: dopamine receptor D2. DESCRIPTION: Dopamine receptor whose activity is mediated by G proteins which inhibit adenylyl cyclase (PubMed:21645528). Positively regulates postnatal regression of retinal hyaloid vessels via suppression of VEGFR2/KDR activity, downstream of OPN5 (By similarity). .

Answer 325

GENE NAME: leucine rich repeat containing 55. DESCRIPTION: Auxiliary protein of the large-conductance, voltage and calcium-activated potassium channel (BK alpha). Modulates gating properties by producing a marked shift in the BK channel's voltage dependence of activation in the hyperpolarizing direction, and in the absence of calcium. .

Answer 326

GENE NAME: paired box 6. DESCRIPTION: Transcription factor with important functions in the development of the eye, nose, central nervous system and pancreas. Required for the differentiation of pancreatic islet alpha cells (By similarity). Competes with PAX4 in binding to a common element in the glucagon, insulin and somatostatin promoters. Regulates specification of the ventral neuron subtypes by establishing the correct progenitor domains (By similarity). Acts as a transcriptional repressor of NFATC1- mediated gene expression (By similarity). {ECO:0000250, ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P63015}.

Answer 327

GENE NAME: protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 5. DESCRIPTION: May regulate the activity of several effector molecules involved in synaptic plasticity and neuronal cell survival, including MAPKs, Src family kinases and NMDA receptors. .

Answer 328

GENE NAME: neural EGFL like 1. DESCRIPTION: Plays a role in the control of cell growth and differentiation. Promotes osteoblast cell differentiation and terminal mineralization. .

Answer 329

GENE NAME: opioid binding protein/cell adhesion molecule like. DESCRIPTION: Binds opioids in the presence of acidic lipids; probably involved in cell contact.

Answer 330

GENE NAME: deltex E3 ubiquitin ligase 4. DESCRIPTION: Regulator of Notch signaling, a signaling pathway involved in cell-cell communications that regulates a broad spectrum of cell-fate determinations (By similarity). Functions as a ubiquitin ligase protein in vivo, mediating 'Lys48'-linked polyubiquitination and promoting degradation of TBK1, targeting to TBK1 requires interaction with NLRP4. .

Answer 331

GENE NAME: teneurin transmembrane protein 4. DESCRIPTION: Involved in neural development, regulating the establishment of proper connectivity within the nervous system. Plays a role in the establishment of the anterior-posterior axis during gastrulation. Regulates the differentiation and cellular process formation of oligodendrocytes and myelination of small-diameter axons in the central nervous system (CNS) (PubMed:26188006). Promotes activation of focal adhesion kinase. May function as a cellular signal transducer (By similarity). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q3UHK6, ECO:0000269|PubMed:26188006}.

Answer 332

GENE NAME: BR serine/threonine kinase 2. DESCRIPTION: Serine/threonine-protein kinase that plays a key role in polarization of neurons and axonogenesis, cell cycle progress and insulin secretion. Phosphorylates CDK16, CDC25C, MAPT/TAU, PAK1 and WEE1. Following phosphorylation and activation by STK11/LKB1, acts as a key regulator of polarization of cortical neurons, probably by mediating phosphorylation of microtubule-associated proteins such as MAPT/TAU at 'Thr-529' and 'Ser-579'. Also regulates neuron polarization by mediating phosphorylation of WEE1 at 'Ser-642' in postmitotic neurons, leading to down-regulate WEE1 activity in polarized neurons. Plays a role in the regulation of the mitotic cell cycle progress and the onset of mitosis. Plays a role in the regulation of insulin secretion in response to elevated glucose levels, probably via phosphorylation of CDK16 and PAK1. While BRSK2 phosphorylated at Thr- 174 can inhibit insulin secretion (PubMed:22798068), BRSK2 phosphorylated at Thr-260 can promote insulin secretion (PubMed:22669945). Regulates reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton. May play a role in the apoptotic response triggered by endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:14976552, ECO:0000269|PubMed:20026642, ECO:0000269|PubMed:21985311, ECO:0000269|PubMed:22669945, ECO:0000269|PubMed:22798068, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23029325}.

Answer 333

GENE NAME: sodium voltage-gated channel beta subunit 2. DESCRIPTION: Crucial in the assembly, expression, and functional modulation of the heterotrimeric complex of the sodium channel. The subunit beta-2 causes an increase in the plasma membrane surface area and in its folding into microvilli. Interacts with TNR may play a crucial role in clustering and regulation of activity of sodium channels at nodes of Ranvier (By similarity). .

Answer 334

GENE NAME: potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 1. DESCRIPTION: Voltage-gated potassium channel that mediates transmembrane potassium transport in excitable membranes, primarily in the brain and the central nervous system, but also in the kidney (PubMed:8845167, PubMed:19903818). Contributes to the regulation of the membrane potential and nerve signaling, and prevents neuronal hyperexcitability (PubMed:17156368). Forms tetrameric potassium-selective channels through which potassium ions pass in accordance with their electrochemical gradient. The channel alternates between opened and closed conformations in response to the voltage difference across the membrane (PubMed:19912772). Can form functional homotetrameric channels and heterotetrameric channels that contain variable proportions of KCNA1, KCNA2, KCNA4, KCNA5, KCNA6, KCNA7, and possibly other family members as well; channel properties depend on the type of alpha subunits that are part of the channel (PubMed:12077175, PubMed:17156368). Channel properties are modulated by cytoplasmic beta subunits that regulate the subcellular location of the alpha subunits and promote rapid inactivation of delayed rectifier potassium channels (PubMed:12077175, PubMed:17156368). In vivo, membranes probably contain a mixture of heteromeric potassium channel complexes, making it difficult to assign currents observed in intact tissues to any particular potassium channel family member. Homotetrameric KCNA1 forms a delayed-rectifier potassium channel that opens in response to membrane depolarization, followed by slow spontaneous channel closure (PubMed:19912772, PubMed:19968958, PubMed:19307729, PubMed:19903818). In contrast, a heterotetrameric channel formed by KCNA1 and KCNA4 shows rapid inactivation (PubMed:17156368). Regulates neuronal excitability in hippocampus, especially in mossy fibers and medial perforant path axons, preventing neuronal hyperexcitability. Response to toxins that are selective for KCNA1, respectively for KCNA2, suggests that heteromeric potassium channels composed of both KCNA1 and KCNA2 play a role in pacemaking and regulate the output of deep cerebellar nuclear neurons (By similarity). May function as down-stream effector for G protein-coupled receptors and inhibit GABAergic inputs to basolateral amygdala neurons (By similarity). May contribute to the regulation of neurotransmitter release, such as gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) release (By similarity). Plays a role in regulating the generation of action potentials and preventing hyperexcitability in myelinated axons of the vagus nerve, and thereby contributes to the regulation of heart contraction (By similarity). Required for normal neuromuscular responses (PubMed:11026449, PubMed:17136396). Regulates the frequency of neuronal action potential firing in response to mechanical stimuli, and plays a role in the perception of pain caused by mechanical stimuli, but does not play a role in the perception of pain due to heat stimuli (By similarity). Required for normal responses to auditory stimuli and precise location of sound sources, but not for sound perception (By similarity). The use of toxins that block specific channels suggest that it contributes to the regulation of the axonal release of the neurotransmitter dopamine (By similarity). Required for normal postnatal brain development and normal proliferation of neuronal precursor cells in the brain (By similarity). Plays a role in the reabsorption of Mg(2+) in the distal convoluted tubules in the kidney and in magnesium ion homeostasis, probably via its effect on the membrane potential (PubMed:23903368, PubMed:19307729). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P10499, ECO:0000269|PubMed:11026449, ECO:0000269|PubMed:12077175, ECO:0000269|PubMed:15837928, ECO:0000269|PubMed:17136396, ECO:0000269|PubMed:17156368, ECO:0000269|PubMed:19307729, ECO:0000269|PubMed:19903818, ECO:0000269|PubMed:19912772, ECO:0000269|PubMed:19968958, ECO:0000269|PubMed:21106501, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23903368, ECO:0000269|PubMed:8845167}.

Answer 335

GENE NAME: neural EGFL like 2. DESCRIPTION: Plays multiple roles in neural tissues, regulates neuronal proliferation, survival, differentiation, polarization, as well as axon guidance and synaptic functions. Plays an important role in axon development during neuronal differentiation through the MAPK intracellular signaling pathway (By similarity). Via binding to its receptor ROBO3, plays a role in axon guidance, functioning as a repulsive axon guidance cue that contributes to commissural axon guidance to the midline (PubMed:32198364). Required for neuron survival through the modulation of MAPK signaling pathways too. Involved in the regulation of hypothalamic GNRH secretion and the control of puberty (By similarity). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q62918, ECO:0000269|PubMed:32198364}. Epididymal-secreted protein that signals through a ROS1- pathway to regulate the epididymal initial segment (IS) maturation, sperm maturation and male fertility. .

Answer 336

GENE NAME: plexin C1. DESCRIPTION: Receptor for SEMA7A, for smallpox semaphorin A39R, vaccinia virus semaphorin A39R and for herpesvirus Sema protein. Binding of semaphorins triggers cellular responses leading to the rearrangement of the cytoskeleton and to secretion of IL6 and IL8 (By similarity). .

Answer 337

GENE NAME: PTPRF interacting protein alpha 2. DESCRIPTION: Alters PTPRF cellular localization and induces PTPRF clustering. May regulate the disassembly of focal adhesions. May localize receptor-like tyrosine phosphatases type 2A at specific sites on the plasma membrane, possibly regulating their interaction with the extracellular environment and their association with substrates. In neuronal cells, is a scaffolding protein in the dendritic spines which acts as immobile postsynaptic post able to recruit KIF1A-driven dense core vesicles to dendritic spines (PubMed:30021165). .

Answer 338

GENE NAME: RIMS binding protein 2. DESCRIPTION: Plays a role in the synaptic transmission as bifunctional linker that interacts simultaneously with RIMS1, RIMS2, CACNA1D and CACNA1B. .

Answer 339

GENE NAME: solute carrier family 6 member 15. DESCRIPTION: Functions as a sodium-dependent neutral amino acid transporter. Exhibits preference for the branched-chain amino acids, particularly leucine, valine and isoleucine and methionine. Can also transport low-affinity substrates such as alanine, phenylalanine, glutamine and pipecolic acid. Mediates the saturable, pH-sensitive and electrogenic cotransport of proline and sodium ions with a stoichiometry of 1:1. May have a role as transporter for neurotransmitter precursors into neurons. In contrast to other members of the neurotransmitter transporter family, does not appear to be chloride-dependent. .

Answer 340

GENE NAME: calcium voltage-gated channel subunit alpha1 C. DESCRIPTION: Pore-forming, alpha-1C subunit of the voltage-gated calcium channel that gives rise to L-type calcium currents (PubMed:8392192, PubMed:7737988, PubMed:9087614, PubMed:9013606, PubMed:9607315, PubMed:12176756, PubMed:17071743, PubMed:11741969, PubMed:8099908, PubMed:12181424, PubMed:29078335, PubMed:29742403, PubMed:16299511, PubMed:20953164, PubMed:15454078, PubMed:15863612, PubMed:17224476, PubMed:24728418, PubMed:26253506, PubMed:27218670, PubMed:23677916, PubMed:30023270, PubMed:30172029, PubMed:34163037). Mediates influx of calcium ions into the cytoplasm, and thereby triggers calcium release from the sarcoplasm (By similarity). Plays an important role in excitation-contraction coupling in the heart. Required for normal heart development and normal regulation of heart rhythm (PubMed:15454078, PubMed:15863612, PubMed:17224476, PubMed:24728418, PubMed:26253506). Required for normal contraction of smooth muscle cells in blood vessels and in the intestine. Essential for normal blood pressure regulation via its role in the contraction of arterial smooth muscle cells (PubMed:28119464). Long-lasting (L-type) calcium channels belong to the 'high-voltage activated' (HVA) group (Probable). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P15381, ECO:0000269|PubMed:11741969, ECO:0000269|PubMed:12176756, ECO:0000269|PubMed:12181424, ECO:0000269|PubMed:15454078, ECO:0000269|PubMed:15863612, ECO:0000269|PubMed:16299511, ECO:0000269|PubMed:17071743, ECO:0000269|PubMed:17224476, ECO:0000269|PubMed:20953164, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23677916, ECO:0000269|PubMed:24728418, ECO:0000269|PubMed:26253506, ECO:0000269|PubMed:27218670, ECO:0000269|PubMed:28119464, ECO:0000269|PubMed:29078335, ECO:0000269|PubMed:29742403, ECO:0000269|PubMed:30023270, ECO:0000269|PubMed:30172029, ECO:0000269|PubMed:34163037, ECO:0000269|PubMed:7737988, ECO:0000269|PubMed:8099908, ECO:0000269|PubMed:8392192, ECO:0000269|PubMed:9013606, ECO:0000269|PubMed:9087614, ECO:0000269|PubMed:9607315, ECO:0000305}. (Microbial infection) Acts as a receptor for Influenzavirus (PubMed:29779930). May play a critical role in allowing virus entry when sialylated and expressed on lung tissues (PubMed:29779930). .

Answer 341

GENE NAME: thyrotropin releasing hormone degrading enzyme. DESCRIPTION: Specific inactivation of TRH after its release.

Answer 342

GENE NAME: protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type O. DESCRIPTION: Possesses tyrosine phosphatase activity. Plays a role in regulating the glomerular pressure/filtration rate relationship through an effect on podocyte structure and function (By similarity). .

Answer 343

GENE NAME: ArfGAP with GTPase domain, ankyrin repeat and PH domain 2. DESCRIPTION: GTPase-activating protein (GAP) for ARF1 and ARF5, which also shows strong GTPase activity. Isoform 1 participates in the prevention of neuronal apoptosis by enhancing PI3 kinase activity. It aids the coupling of metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 (GRM1) to cytoplasmic PI3 kinase by interacting with Homer scaffolding proteins, and also seems to mediate anti-apoptotic effects of NGF by activating nuclear PI3 kinase. Isoform 2 does not stimulate PI3 kinase but may protect cells from apoptosis by stimulating Akt. It also regulates the adapter protein 1 (AP-1)-dependent trafficking of proteins in the endosomal system. It seems to be oncogenic. It is overexpressed in cancer cells, prevents apoptosis and promotes cancer cell invasion. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:12640130, ECO:0000269|PubMed:14761976, ECO:0000269|PubMed:15118108, ECO:0000269|PubMed:16079295}.

Answer 344

GENE NAME: protein phosphatase 1 regulatory inhibitor subunit 1A. DESCRIPTION: Inhibitor of protein-phosphatase 1. This protein may be important in hormonal control of glycogen metabolism. Hormones that elevate intracellular cAMP increase I-1 activity in many tissues. I-1 activation may impose cAMP control over proteins that are not directly phosphorylated by PKA. Following a rise in intracellular calcium, I-1 is inactivated by calcineurin (or PP2B). Does not inhibit type-2 phosphatases.

Answer 345

GENE NAME: SLIT and NTRK like family member 5. DESCRIPTION: Suppresses neurite outgrowth. .

Answer 346

GENE NAME: glypican 6. DESCRIPTION: Cell surface proteoglycan that bears heparan sulfate. Putative cell surface coreceptor for growth factors, extracellular matrix proteins, proteases and anti-proteases (By similarity). Enhances migration and invasion of cancer cells through WNT5A signaling. .

Answer 347

GENE NAME: SLIT and NTRK like family member 1. DESCRIPTION: It is involved in synaptogenesis and promotes excitatory synapse differentiation (PubMed:27273464, PubMed:27812321). Enhances neuronal dendrite outgrowth (PubMed:16224024, PubMed:19640509). {ECO:0000269|PubMed:16224024, ECO:0000269|PubMed:19640509, ECO:0000269|PubMed:27273464, ECO:0000269|PubMed:27812321}.

Answer 348

GENE NAME: microtubule associated scaffold protein 2. DESCRIPTION: Binds microtubules. Together with MAPRE1 may target the microtubule depolymerase KIF2C to the plus-end of microtubules. May regulate the dynamics of microtubules at their growing distal tip. .

Answer 349

GENE NAME: ecto-NOX disulfide-thiol exchanger 1. DESCRIPTION: Probably acts as a terminal oxidase of plasma electron transport from cytosolic NAD(P)H via hydroquinones to acceptors at the cell surface. Hydroquinone oxidase activity alternates with a protein disulfide-thiol interchange/oxidoreductase activity which may control physical membrane displacements associated with vesicle budding or cell enlargement. The activities oscillate with a period length of 24 minutes and play a role in control of the ultradian cellular biological clock. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:11360993, ECO:0000269|PubMed:12565167, ECO:0000269|PubMed:17027975, ECO:0000269|PubMed:19055324}.

Answer 350

GENE NAME: RRAD and GEM like GTPase 2. DESCRIPTION: Binds GTP saturably and exhibits a low intrinsic rate of GTP hydrolysis. .

Answer 351

GENE NAME: retinol dehydrogenase 12. DESCRIPTION: Retinoids dehydrogenase/reductase with a clear preference for NADP. Displays high activity towards 9-cis, 11-cis and all-trans- retinal. Shows very weak activity towards 13-cis-retinol (PubMed:15865448, PubMed:12226107). Also exhibits activity, albeit with lower affinity than for retinaldehydes, towards lipid peroxidation products (C9 aldehydes) such as 4-hydroxynonenal and trans-2-nonenal (PubMed:19686838, PubMed:15865448). May play an important function in photoreceptor cells to detoxify 4-hydroxynonenal and potentially other toxic aldehyde products resulting from lipid peroxidation (PubMed:19686838). Has no dehydrogenase activity towards steroids (PubMed:15865448, PubMed:12226107). {ECO:0000269|PubMed:12226107, ECO:0000269|PubMed:15865448, ECO:0000269|PubMed:19686838}.

Answer 352

GENE NAME: stonin 2. DESCRIPTION: Adapter protein involved in endocytic machinery. Involved in the synaptic vesicle recycling. May facilitate clathrin-coated vesicle uncoating. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:11381094, ECO:0000269|PubMed:11454741, ECO:0000269|PubMed:21102408}.

Answer 353

GENE NAME: estrogen related receptor beta. DESCRIPTION: [Isoform 3]: Transcription factor that binds a canonical ESRRB recognition (ERRE) sequence 5'TCAAGGTCA-3' localized on promoter and enhancer of targets genes regulating their expression or their transcription activity (PubMed:17920186, PubMed:19755138). Plays a role, in a LIF-independent manner, in maintainance of self-renewal and pluripotency of embryonic and trophoblast stem cells through different signaling pathways including FGF signaling pathway and Wnt signaling pathways. Upon FGF signaling pathway activation, interacts with KDM1A by directly binding to enhancer site of ELF5 and EOMES and activating their transcription leading to self-renewal of trophoblast stem cells. Also regulates expression of multiple rod-specific genes and is required for survival of this cell type (By similarity). Plays a role as transcription factor activator of GATA6, NR0B1, POU5F1 and PERM1 (PubMed:23836911). Plays a role as transcription factor repressor of NFE2L2 transcriptional activity and ESR1 transcriptional activity (PubMed:17920186, PubMed:19755138). During mitosis remains bound to a subset of interphase target genes, including pluripotency regulators, through the canonical ESRRB recognition (ERRE) sequence, leading to their transcriptional activation in early G1 phase. Can coassemble on structured DNA elements with other transcription factors like SOX2, POU5F1, KDM1A and NCOA3 to trigger ESRRB-dependent gene activation. This mechanism, in the case of SOX2 corecruitment prevents the embryonic stem cells (ESCs) to epiblast stem cells (EpiSC) transition through positive regulation of NR0B1 that inhibits the EpiSC transcriptional program. Also plays a role inner ear development by controlling expression of ion channels and transporters and in early placentation (By similarity). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q61539, ECO:0000269|PubMed:17920186, ECO:0000269|PubMed:19755138, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23836911}. [Isoform 1]: Transcription factor that binds a canonical ESRRB recognition (ERRE) sequence 5'TCAAGGTCA-3' localized on promoter and enhancer of targets genes regulating their expression or their transcription activity. Positively regulates ESR1 transcriptional activity upon E2 stimulation. .

Answer 354

GENE NAME: neuronal PAS domain protein 3. DESCRIPTION: May play a broad role in neurogenesis. May control regulatory pathways relevant to schizophrenia and to psychotic illness (By similarity). .

Answer 355

GENE NAME: cytochrome P450 family 46 subfamily A member 1. DESCRIPTION: P450 monooxygenase that plays a major role in cholesterol homeostasis in the brain. Primarily catalyzes the hydroxylation (with S stereochemistry) at C-24 of cholesterol side chain, triggering cholesterol diffusion out of neurons and its further degradation (PubMed:10377398, PubMed:14640697, PubMed:25017465, PubMed:18621681). By promoting constant cholesterol elimination in neurons, may activate the mevalonate pathway and coordinate the synthesis of new cholesterol and nonsterol isoprenoids involved in synaptic activity and learning (By similarity). Further hydroxylates cholesterol derivatives and hormone steroids on both the ring and side chain of these molecules, converting them into active oxysterols involved in lipid signaling and biosynthesis (PubMed:12077124, PubMed:14640697, PubMed:28190002). Acts as an epoxidase converting cholesta-5,24-dien-3beta-ol/desmosterol into (24S),25-epoxycholesterol, an abundant lipid ligand of nuclear NR1H2 and NR1H3 receptors shown to promote neurogenesis in developing brain (PubMed:25017465). May also catalyze the oxidative metabolism of xenobiotics, such as clotrimazole (PubMed:20667828). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q9WVK8, ECO:0000269|PubMed:10377398, ECO:0000269|PubMed:12077124, ECO:0000269|PubMed:14640697, ECO:0000269|PubMed:18621681, ECO:0000269|PubMed:20667828, ECO:0000269|PubMed:25017465, ECO:0000269|PubMed:28190002}.

Answer 356

GENE NAME: reticulon 1. DESCRIPTION: Inhibits amyloid precursor protein processing, probably by blocking BACE1 activity. .

Answer 357

GENE NAME: adaptor related protein complex 3 subunit beta 2. DESCRIPTION: Subunit of non-clathrin- and clathrin-associated adaptor protein complex 3 (AP-3) that plays a role in protein sorting in the late-Golgi/trans-Golgi network (TGN) and/or endosomes. The AP complexes mediate both the recruitment of clathrin to membranes and the recognition of sorting signals within the cytosolic tails of transmembrane cargo molecules. AP-3 appears to be involved in the sorting of a subset of transmembrane proteins targeted to lysosomes and lysosome-related organelles. In concert with the BLOC-1 complex, AP-3 is required to target cargos into vesicles assembled at cell bodies for delivery into neurites and nerve terminals.

Answer 358

GENE NAME: synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2B. DESCRIPTION: Probably plays a role in the control of regulated secretion in neural and endocrine cells. . (Microbial infection) Receptor for the C.botulinum neurotoxin type A2 (BoNT/A, botA); glycosylation is not essential but enhances the interaction (PubMed:29649119). Probably also serves as a receptor for the closely related C.botulinum neurotoxin type A1. .

Answer 359

GENE NAME: MAGE family member L2. DESCRIPTION: Probably enhances ubiquitin ligase activity of RING-type zinc finger-containing E3 ubiquitin-protein ligases, possibly through recruitment and/or stabilization of the Ubl-conjugating enzyme (E2) at the E3:substrate complex. Acts as a regulator of retrograde transport via its interaction with VPS35. Recruited to retromer-containing endosomes and promotes the formation of 'Lys-63'-linked polyubiquitin chains at 'Lys-220' of WASHC1 together with TRIM27, leading to promote endosomal F-actin assembly (PubMed:23452853). Regulates the circadian clock by repressing the transcriptional activator activity of the CLOCK-BMAL1 heterodimer. Significantly promotes the cytoplasmic accumulation of CLOCK (By similarity). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q9QZ04, ECO:0000269|PubMed:20864041, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23452853}.

Answer 360

GENE NAME: repulsive guidance molecule BMP co-receptor a. DESCRIPTION: Member of the repulsive guidance molecule (RGM) family that performs several functions in the developing and adult nervous system. Regulates cephalic neural tube closure, inhibits neurite outgrowth and cortical neuron branching, and the formation of mature synapses. Binding to its receptor NEO1/neogenin induces activation of RHOA- ROCK1/Rho-kinase signaling pathway through UNC5B-ARHGEF12/LARG- PTK2/FAK1 cascade, leading to collapse of the neuronal growth cone and neurite outgrowth inhibition. Furthermore, RGMA binding to NEO1/neogenin leads to HRAS inactivation by influencing HRAS-PTK2/FAK1- AKT1 pathway. It also functions as a bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) coreceptor that may signal through SMAD1, SMAD5, and SMAD8. .

Answer 361

GENE NAME: gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor subunit beta3. DESCRIPTION: Ligand-gated chloride channel which is a component of the heteropentameric receptor for GABA, the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain (PubMed:18514161, PubMed:22303015, PubMed:26950270, PubMed:22243422, PubMed:24909990). Plays an important role in the formation of functional inhibitory GABAergic synapses in addition to mediating synaptic inhibition as a GABA-gated ion channel (PubMed:25489750). The gamma2 subunit is necessary but not sufficient for a rapid formation of active synaptic contacts and the synaptogenic effect of this subunit is influenced by the type of alpha and beta subunits present in the receptor pentamer (By similarity). The alpha1/beta3/gamma2 receptor exhibits synaptogenic activity (PubMed:25489750). The alpha2/beta3/gamma2 receptor shows very little or no synaptogenic activity (By similarity). Functions also as histamine receptor and mediates cellular responses to histamine (PubMed:18281286). Plays an important role in somatosensation and in the production of antinociception (By similarity). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P63080, ECO:0000269|PubMed:18281286, ECO:0000269|PubMed:18514161, ECO:0000269|PubMed:22243422, ECO:0000269|PubMed:22303015, ECO:0000269|PubMed:24909990, ECO:0000269|PubMed:25489750, ECO:0000269|PubMed:26950270}.

Answer 362

GENE NAME: neogenin 1. DESCRIPTION: Multi-functional cell surface receptor regulating cell adhesion in many diverse developmental processes, including neural tube and mammary gland formation, myogenesis and angiogenesis. Receptor for members of the BMP, netrin, and repulsive guidance molecule (RGM) families. Netrin-Neogenin interactions result in a chemoattractive axon guidance response and cell-cell adhesion, the interaction between NEO1/Neogenin and RGMa and RGMb induces a chemorepulsive response. .

Answer 363

GENE NAME: neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase 3. DESCRIPTION: Receptor tyrosine kinase involved in nervous system and probably heart development. Upon binding of its ligand NTF3/neurotrophin-3, NTRK3 autophosphorylates and activates different signaling pathways, including the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/AKT and the MAPK pathways, that control cell survival and differentiation. .

Answer 364

GENE NAME: immunoglobulin superfamily containing leucine rich repeat 2. DESCRIPTION: Required for axon extension during neural development. .

Answer 365

GENE NAME: Ras protein specific guanine nucleotide releasing factor 1. DESCRIPTION: Promotes the exchange of Ras-bound GDP by GTP. .

Answer 366

GENE NAME: iroquois homeobox 5. DESCRIPTION: Establishes the cardiac repolarization gradient by its repressive actions on the KCND2 potassium-channel gene. Required for retinal cone bipolar cell differentiation. May regulate contrast adaptation in the retina and control specific aspects of visual function in circuits of the mammalian retina (By similarity). Could be involved in the regulation of both the cell cycle and apoptosis in prostate cancer cells. Involved in craniofacial and gonadal development. Modulates the migration of progenitor cell populations in branchial arches and gonads by repressing CXCL12. {ECO:0000250, ECO:0000269|PubMed:22581230}.

Answer 367

GENE NAME: RNA binding fox-1 homolog 1. DESCRIPTION: RNA-binding protein that regulates alternative splicing events by binding to 5'-UGCAUGU-3' elements. Regulates alternative splicing of tissue-specific exons and of differentially spliced exons during erythropoiesis. .

Answer 368

GENE NAME: protein kinase C beta. DESCRIPTION: Calcium-activated, phospholipid- and diacylglycerol (DAG)- dependent serine/threonine-protein kinase involved in various cellular processes such as regulation of the B-cell receptor (BCR) signalosome, oxidative stress-induced apoptosis, androgen receptor-dependent transcription regulation, insulin signaling and endothelial cells proliferation. Plays a key role in B-cell activation by regulating BCR- induced NF-kappa-B activation. Mediates the activation of the canonical NF-kappa-B pathway (NFKB1) by direct phosphorylation of CARD11/CARMA1 at 'Ser-559', 'Ser-644' and 'Ser-652'. Phosphorylation induces CARD11/CARMA1 association with lipid rafts and recruitment of the BCL10-MALT1 complex as well as MAP3K7/TAK1, which then activates IKK complex, resulting in nuclear translocation and activation of NFKB1. Plays a direct role in the negative feedback regulation of the BCR signaling, by down-modulating BTK function via direct phosphorylation of BTK at 'Ser-180', which results in the alteration of BTK plasma membrane localization and in turn inhibition of BTK activity (PubMed:11598012). Involved in apoptosis following oxidative damage: in case of oxidative conditions, specifically phosphorylates 'Ser-36' of isoform p66Shc of SHC1, leading to mitochondrial accumulation of p66Shc, where p66Shc acts as a reactive oxygen species producer. Acts as a coactivator of androgen receptor (AR)-dependent transcription, by being recruited to AR target genes and specifically mediating phosphorylation of 'Thr-6' of histone H3 (H3T6ph), a specific tag for epigenetic transcriptional activation that prevents demethylation of histone H3 'Lys-4' (H3K4me) by LSD1/KDM1A (PubMed:20228790). In insulin signaling, may function downstream of IRS1 in muscle cells and mediate insulin-dependent DNA synthesis through the RAF1-MAPK/ERK signaling cascade. Participates in the regulation of glucose transport in adipocytes by negatively modulating the insulin-stimulated translocation of the glucose transporter SLC2A4/GLUT4. Phosphorylates SLC2A1/GLUT1, promoting glucose uptake by SLC2A1/GLUT1 (PubMed:25982116). Under high glucose in pancreatic beta-cells, is probably involved in the inhibition of the insulin gene transcription, via regulation of MYC expression. In endothelial cells, activation of PRKCB induces increased phosphorylation of RB1, increased VEGFA-induced cell proliferation, and inhibits PI3K/AKT-dependent nitric oxide synthase (NOS3/eNOS) regulation by insulin, which causes endothelial dysfunction. Also involved in triglyceride homeostasis (By similarity). Phosphorylates ATF2 which promotes cooperation between ATF2 and JUN, activating transcription (PubMed:19176525). Phosphorylates KLHL3 in response to angiotensin II signaling, decreasing the interaction between KLHL3 and WNK4 (PubMed:25313067). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P68404, ECO:0000269|PubMed:11598012, ECO:0000269|PubMed:19176525, ECO:0000269|PubMed:20228790, ECO:0000269|PubMed:25313067, ECO:0000269|PubMed:25982116}.

Answer 369

GENE NAME: cadherin 8. DESCRIPTION: Cadherins are calcium-dependent cell adhesion proteins. They preferentially interact with themselves in a homophilic manner in connecting cells; cadherins may thus contribute to the sorting of heterogeneous cell types.

Answer 370

GENE NAME: transmembrane protein 132E. DESCRIPTION: Required for normal inner ear hair cell function and hearing. .

Answer 371

GENE NAME: netrin 1. DESCRIPTION: Netrins control guidance of CNS commissural axons and peripheral motor axons. Its association with either DCC or some UNC5 receptors will lead to axon attraction or repulsion, respectively. Binding to UNC5C might cause dissociation of UNC5C from polymerized TUBB3 in microtubules and thereby lead to increased microtubule dynamics and axon repulsion (PubMed:28483977). Involved in dorsal root ganglion axon projection towards the spinal cord (PubMed:28483977). It also serves as a survival factor via its association with its receptors which prevent the initiation of apoptosis. Involved in tumorigenesis by regulating apoptosis (PubMed:15343335). {ECO:0000269|PubMed:15343335, ECO:0000269|PubMed:28483977}.

Answer 372

GENE NAME: calcium voltage-gated channel auxiliary subunit gamma 4. DESCRIPTION: Regulates the activity of L-type calcium channels that contain CACNA1C as pore-forming subunit (PubMed:21127204). Regulates the trafficking and gating properties of AMPA-selective glutamate receptors (AMPARs), including GRIA1 and GRIA4. Promotes their targeting to the cell membrane and synapses and modulates their gating properties by slowing their rates of activation, deactivation and desensitization and by mediating their resensitization (PubMed:21172611). .

Answer 373

GENE NAME: sidekick cell adhesion molecule 2. DESCRIPTION: Adhesion molecule that promotes lamina-specific synaptic connections in the retina and is specifically required for the formation of neuronal circuits that detect motion. Acts by promoting formation of synapses between two specific retinal cell types: the retinal ganglion cells W3B-RGCs and the excitatory amacrine cells VG3- ACs. Formation of synapses between these two cells plays a key role in detection of motion. Promotes synaptic connectivity via homophilic interactions. .

Answer 374

GENE NAME: reticulon 4 receptor like 1. DESCRIPTION: Cell surface receptor. Plays a functionally redundant role in postnatal brain development and in regulating axon regeneration in the adult central nervous system. Contributes to normal axon migration across the brain midline and normal formation of the corpus callosum. Protects motoneurons against apoptosis; protection against apoptosis is probably mediated by MAG. Plays a role in inhibiting neurite outgrowth and axon regeneration via its binding to neuronal chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans. Binds heparin (By similarity). Like other family members, plays a role in restricting the number dendritic spines and the number of synapses that are formed during brain development (PubMed:22325200). Signaling mediates activation of Rho and downstream reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton (PubMed:22325200). .

Answer 375

GENE NAME: carbonic anhydrase 10. DESCRIPTION: Does not have a catalytic activity.

Answer 376

GENE NAME: TSPO associated protein 1. DESCRIPTION: Required for synaptic transmission regulation (PubMed:33539324). It probably controls the recruitement of voltage- gated calcium channels to the presynaptic membrane, and modulates neurotransmitter release. .

Answer 377

GENE NAME: cadherin 20. DESCRIPTION: Cadherins are calcium-dependent cell adhesion proteins. They preferentially interact with themselves in a homophilic manner in connecting cells; cadherins may thus contribute to the sorting of heterogeneous cell types.

Answer 378

GENE NAME: formin homology 2 domain containing 3. DESCRIPTION: Actin-organizing protein that may cause stress fiber formation together with cell elongation (By similarity). Isoform 4 may play a role in actin filament polymerization in cardiomyocytes. .

Answer 379

GENE NAME: SKI family transcriptional corepressor 2. DESCRIPTION: Exhibits transcriptional repressor activity (By similarity). Acts as a TGF-beta antagonist in the nervous system. {ECO:0000250, ECO:0000269|PubMed:16200078}.

Answer 380

GENE NAME: adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide 1. DESCRIPTION: Binding to its receptor activates G proteins and stimulates adenylate cyclase in pituitary cells. Promotes neuron projection development through the RAPGEF2/Rap1/B-Raf/ERK pathway. In chromaffin cells, induces long-lasting increase of intracellular calcium concentrations and neuroendocrine secretion (By similarity). Involved in the control of glucose homeostasis, induces insulin secretion by pancreatic beta cells (By similarity). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:O70176, ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P13589, ECO:0000269|PubMed:11175907, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23800469}.

Answer 381

GENE NAME: cadherin 7. DESCRIPTION: Cadherins are calcium-dependent cell adhesion proteins. They preferentially interact with themselves in a homophilic manner in connecting cells; cadherins may thus contribute to the sorting of heterogeneous cell types.

Answer 382

GENE NAME: solute carrier family 1 member 6. DESCRIPTION: Sodium-dependent, high-affinity amino acid transporter that mediates the uptake of L-glutamate and also L-aspartate and D-aspartate (PubMed:7791878, PubMed:26690923). Functions as a symporter that transports one amino acid molecule together with two or three Na(+) ions and one proton, in parallel with the counter-transport of one K(+) ion. Mediates Cl(-) flux that is not coupled to amino acid transport; this avoids the accumulation of negative charges due to aspartate and Na(+) symport (PubMed:7791878). Plays a redundant role in the rapid removal of released glutamate from the synaptic cleft, which is essential for terminating the postsynaptic action of glutamate (Probable). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:O35921, ECO:0000269|PubMed:26690923, ECO:0000269|PubMed:7791878}.

Answer 383

GENE NAME: solute carrier family 8 member A2. DESCRIPTION: Mediates the electrogenic exchange of Ca(2+) against Na(+) ions across the cell membrane, and thereby contributes to the regulation of cytoplasmic Ca(2+) levels and Ca(2+)-dependent cellular processes. Contributes to cellular Ca(2+) homeostasis in excitable cells. Contributes to the rapid decrease of cytoplasmic Ca(2+) levels back to baseline after neuronal activation, and thereby contributes to modulate synaptic plasticity, learning and memory. Plays a role in regulating urinary Ca(2+) and Na(+) excretion. .

Answer 384

GENE NAME: ATCAY kinesin light chain interacting caytaxin. DESCRIPTION: Functions in the development of neural tissues, particularly the postnatal maturation of the cerebellar cortex. May play a role in neurotransmission through regulation of glutaminase/GLS, an enzyme responsible for the production in neurons of the glutamate neurotransmitter. Alternatively, may regulate the localization of mitochondria within axons and dendrites. .

Answer 385

GENE NAME: tubulin beta 4A class IVa. DESCRIPTION: Tubulin is the major constituent of microtubules, a cylinder consisting of laterally associated linear protofilaments composed of alpha- and beta-tubulin heterodimers. Microtubules grow by the addition of GTP-tubulin dimers to the microtubule end, where a stabilizing cap forms. Below the cap, tubulin dimers are in GDP-bound state, owing to GTPase activity of alpha-tubulin.

Answer 386

GENE NAME: DIRAS family GTPase 1. DESCRIPTION: Displays low GTPase activity and exists predominantly in the GTP-bound form. .

Answer 387

GENE NAME: ATPase Na+/K+ transporting subunit alpha 3. DESCRIPTION: This is the catalytic component of the active enzyme, which catalyzes the hydrolysis of ATP coupled with the exchange of sodium and potassium ions across the plasma membrane. This action creates the electrochemical gradient of sodium and potassium ions, providing the energy for active transport of various nutrients. .

Answer 388

GENE NAME: ryanodine receptor 1. DESCRIPTION: Cytosolic calcium-activated calcium channel that mediates the release of Ca(2+) from the sarcoplasmic reticulum into the cytosol and thereby plays a key role in triggering muscle contraction following depolarization of T-tubules (PubMed:18650434, PubMed:18268335, PubMed:11741831, PubMed:16163667, PubMed:26115329). Repeated very high- level exercise increases the open probability of the channel and leads to Ca(2+) leaking into the cytoplasm (PubMed:18268335). Can also mediate the release of Ca(2+) from intracellular stores in neurons, and may thereby promote prolonged Ca(2+) signaling in the brain. Required for normal embryonic development of muscle fibers and skeletal muscle. Required for normal heart morphogenesis, skin development and ossification during embryogenesis (By similarity). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:E9PZQ0, ECO:0000269|PubMed:18268335, ECO:0000269|PubMed:18650434, ECO:0000269|PubMed:26115329, ECO:0000305|PubMed:11741831, ECO:0000305|PubMed:16163667}.

Answer 389

GENE NAME: cartilage intermediate layer protein 2. DESCRIPTION: May play a role in cartilage scaffolding. .

Answer 390

GENE NAME: neurocan. DESCRIPTION: May modulate neuronal adhesion and neurite growth during development by binding to neural cell adhesion molecules (NG-CAM and N- CAM). Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan; binds to hyaluronic acid.

Answer 391

GENE NAME: one cut homeobox 3. DESCRIPTION: Transcriptional activator. Binds the consensus DNA sequence 5'-DHWATTGAYTWWD-3' on a variety of gene promoters such as those of HNF3B and TTR (By similarity). .

Answer 392

GENE NAME: cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit. DESCRIPTION: After binding acetylcholine, the AChR responds by an extensive change in conformation that affects all subunits and leads to opening of an ion-conducting channel across the plasma membrane permeable to sodium ions. .

Answer 393

GENE NAME: regulating synaptic membrane exocytosis 4. DESCRIPTION: Regulates synaptic membrane exocytosis. .

Answer 394

GENE NAME: proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 2. DESCRIPTION: Serine endopeptidase which is involved in the processing of hormone and other protein precursors at sites comprised of pairs of basic amino acid residues. Responsible for the release of glucagon from proglucagon in pancreatic A cells. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:28719828, ECO:0000269|PubMed:9287128}.

Answer 395

GENE NAME: chromogranin B. DESCRIPTION: Secretogranin-1 is a neuroendocrine secretory granule protein, which may be the precursor for other biologically active peptides.

Answer 396

GENE NAME: myelin transcription factor 1. DESCRIPTION: Binds to the promoter region of genes encoding proteolipid proteins of the central nervous system. May play a role in the development of neurons and oligodendroglia in the CNS. May regulate a critical transition point in oligodendrocyte lineage development by modulating oligodendrocyte progenitor proliferation relative to terminal differentiation and up-regulation of myelin gene transcription. .

Answer 397

GENE NAME: solute carrier family 24 member 3. DESCRIPTION: Calcium, potassium:sodium antiporter that transports 1 Ca(2+) and 1 K(+) in exchange for 4 Na(+). {ECO:0000269|PubMed:11294880, ECO:0000269|PubMed:26631410}.

Answer 398

GENE NAME: ADAM metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif 5. DESCRIPTION: Metalloproteinase that plays an important role in connective tissue organization, development, inflammation and cell migration. Extracellular matrix (ECM) degrading enzyme that show proteolytic activity toward the hyalectan group of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) including ACAN, VCAN, BCAN and NCAN (PubMed:16133547, PubMed:18992360). Cleavage within the hyalectans occurs at Glu-Xaa recognition motifs. Plays a role in embryonic development, including limb and cardiac morphogenesis, and skeletal muscle development through its VCAN remodeling properties. Cleaves VCAN in the pericellular matrix surrounding myoblasts, facilitating myoblast contact and fusion which is required for skeletal muscle development and regeneration (By similarity). Participates in development of brown adipose tissue and browning of white adipose tissue (By similarity). Plays an important role for T-lymphocyte migration from draining lymph nodes following viral infection. {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q9R001, ECO:0000269|PubMed:16133547, ECO:0000269|PubMed:18992360}.

Answer 399

GENE NAME: synapsin III. DESCRIPTION: May be involved in the regulation of neurotransmitter release and synaptogenesis.

Answer 400

GENE NAME: septin 3. DESCRIPTION: Filament-forming cytoskeletal GTPase (By similarity). May play a role in cytokinesis (Potential). .

Answer 401

GENE NAME: sulfotransferase family 4A member 1. DESCRIPTION: Atypical sulfotransferase family member with very low affinity for 3'-phospho-5'-adenylyl sulfate (PAPS) and very low catalytic activity towards L-triiodothyronine, thyroxine, estrone, p- nitrophenol, 2-naphthylamine, and 2-beta-naphthol. May have a role in the metabolism of drugs and neurotransmitters in the CNS. .

Answer 402

GENE NAME: transcription elongation factor A like 5. DESCRIPTION: May be involved in transcriptional regulation.

NGN2 Genes Flashcards

(426 cards)