Niamh Flashcards
(46 cards)
Which of the following best defines proteomics?
A) The study of DNA sequences and their functions
B) The analysis of the entire protein complement in a given cell, tissue, or organism
C) The study of RNA transcription and translation processes
D) The structural characterization of individual amino acids
B
How does the proteome differ from the genome?
A) The proteome is static, while the genome is dynamic
B) The proteome remains unchanged across tissues and conditions
C) The proteome is constantly changing in response to environmental and cellular conditions
D) The proteome consists only of proteins encoded by housekeeping genes
C
Which of the following is a low-throughput method for protein analysis?
A) Mass spectrometry
B) Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2D-PAGE)
C) Reverse-phase protein microarrays
B
Which of the following factors contributes to the complexity of the proteome?
A) Alternative splicing
B) Frameshifting
C) Post-translational modifications
D) All of the above
D
Which of the following is NOT a primary function of proteins in a biological system?
A) Catalyzing metabolic reactions
B) Storing genetic information
C) Transmitting cellular signals
D) Regulating gene expression
B
Which of the following best describes post-translational modifications (PTMs)?
A) Changes in gene sequence that affect protein expression
B) Structural modifications to proteins after translation that affect function, localization, or stability
C) DNA modifications that regulate protein expression
D) RNA modifications that enhance protein translation efficiency
B
Which of the following is NOT a challenge in proteomic research?
A) The high dynamic range of protein expression
B) Protein degradation during sample preparation
C) The stability of proteins compared to DNA
D) The complexity of post-translational modifications
C
What is the primary purpose of functional proteomics?
A) To identify the sequence of proteins in an organism
B) To understand the biological roles and interactions of specific proteins
C) To compare protein structures across species
D) To determine the genomic location of protein-coding genes
B
Which proteomic approach is primarily focused on determining which proteins are present in a given tissue or cell type?
A) Protein quantification
B) Protein localization
C) Protein identification
D) Structural proteomics
C
Which of the following best describes top-down proteomics?
A) Proteins are first digested into peptides before analysis
B) Intact proteins are analyzed before fragmentation and further characterization
C) Only small proteins are studied using this method
D) It exclusively uses gel-based separation techniques
B
How does enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) detect specific proteins?
A) By measuring protein degradation over time
B) By using antibodies that bind to target proteins and generate a detectable signal
C) By separating proteins based on molecular weight
D) By directly sequencing proteins using mass spectrometry
B
What is a major limitation of gel-based proteomic methods?
A) Inability to separate proteins by charge
B) Limited sensitivity and difficulty in analyzing low-abundance proteins
C) Inability to detect post-translational modifications
D) Lack of reproducibility across experiments
B
Which of the following is a high-throughput proteomic method?
A) Western blotting
B) Mass spectrometry-based proteomics
C) Gel electrophoresis
D) Affinity chromatography
B
How is proteomics used in drug discovery?
A) It identifies protein targets for drug design and evaluates drug-protein interactions
B) It measures the genetic mutations in a patient’s DNA
C) It replaces traditional pharmacology methods
D) It detects bacterial infections in real time
A
Which of the following describes a major advantage of using proteomics in personalized medicine?
A) It enables tailoring treatments based on an individual’s unique protein expression profile
B) It eliminates the need for genetic testing
C) It replaces all traditional diagnostic methods
D) It focuses solely on metabolic diseases
A
How do mass spectrometry-based methods contribute to proteomics research?
A) By sequencing nucleotides within a genome
B) By identifying and quantifying proteins in a sample based on mass-to-charge ratios
C) By visualizing protein structures through electron microscopy
D) By measuring cellular RNA levels
B
Which of the following is a key application of proteomics in medicine?
A) Identification of protein biomarkers for disease diagnosis
B) Mapping the human genome
C) Predicting nucleotide mutations
D) Analyzing chromosomal abnormalities
A
What is the main advantage of using chromatography-based methods in proteomics?
A) They allow for rapid DNA sequencing
B) They separate proteins based on physical and chemical properties
C) They enable visualization of protein interactions
D) They identify mutations in protein-coding genes
B
Which proteomic technique is most commonly used for analyzing post-translational modifications?
A) Southern blotting
B) Mass spectrometry
C) Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
D) Fluorescence microscopy
B
Which field of study combines proteomics with systems biology to investigate host-pathogen interactions?
A) Paleoproteomics
B) Structural biology
C) Systems toxicology
D) Functional genomics
C
What is the primary difference between bottom-up and top-down proteomics?
A) Bottom-up proteomics analyzes entire proteins, whereas top-down proteomics studies peptides
B) Bottom-up proteomics involves digesting proteins into peptides before analysis, while top-down proteomics studies intact proteins
C) Top-down proteomics is only used for structural analysis, whereas bottom-up proteomics measures protein abundance
D) Bottom-up proteomics is less commonly used in proteomics research
B
Which of the following is a proteomic application in agriculture?
A) Investigating plant-pathogen interactions and engineering stress-resistant crops
B) Measuring soil pH variations
C) Developing genetically modified animals
D) Monitoring atmospheric nitrogen levels
A
Which gel-based technique separates proteins based on molecular weight using an electric current?
A) 2D-PAGE
B) SDS-PAGE
C) Western blotting
D) ELISA
B
Which of the following best describes the principle behind Western blotting?
A) Proteins are separated by electrophoresis, transferred to a membrane, and detected using enzyme-conjugated antibodies
B) Proteins are digested into peptides before analysis
C) Proteins are labeled with isotopic tags for quantification
D) Proteins are separated based on their binding to a ligand in a column
A
