Nichols- Vasculitis & Complications of MI Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Nichols- Vasculitis & Complications of MI Deck (36)
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1
Q

Vasculitis is obviously the inflammation of blood vessels. What is the most common cause?

A

Autoimmune

2
Q

What are the two divisions of vasculitis?

A
  1. Non-infectious (primary)

2. Infectious

3
Q

Common fungal cause of infectious vasculitis?

A

Aspergillus

4
Q

Common bacterial cause of infectious vasculitis?

A

Pseudomonas

5
Q

Common viral cause of infectious vasculitis?

A

Cytomegalovirus

6
Q

Primary vasculitis is mediated by what cells?

A

T cell mediated immune response to vascular antigens –> recruit macrophages that “chew up” the elastic lamina of the vessel –> inflammation –> antibody mediated attack

7
Q

Main sign of a vasculitis?

A

Palpable purpura

8
Q

This vasculitis is an acute necrotizing inflammatory disease of the smallest vessels (arterioles, capillaries, venules)

A

Hypersensitivity angiitis

9
Q

Hypersensitivity angiitis on the skin is called?

A

Leudocytoclastic vasculitis

10
Q

Hypersensitivity angiitis on the internal organs is called?

A

Microscopic polyangiitis

11
Q

Describe the pathogenesis of Hypersensitivity angiitis

A

infiltration of blood vessels by neutrophils –> breakdown of vessels (leukocytoclasia) –> dispersed nuclear dust

12
Q

A good bit of the time, Hypersensitivity angiitis can come from?

A

Side effects of a drug

13
Q

This vasculitis is a granulomatous inflammatory disease of medium/large arteries (especially in the head)

A

Temporal (giant cell) arteritis

14
Q

Presentation of Temporal (giant cell) arteritis?

A

Old white women

15
Q

Pathology of Temporal (giant cell) arteritis?

A

Chronic granulomatous inflammation with multinucleated giant cells that destroy the internal elastic lamina –> intimal thickening –> cell proliferation & luminal stenosis

16
Q

Signs/symptoms of Temporal giant cell arteritis?

A

Headache, vision probs, jaw claudication

17
Q

Temporal giant cell arteritis is assc with?

A

Polymyalgia rheumatica, a chronic inflammatory disease of muscles

18
Q

Temporal giant cell arteritis major complication?

A

Blindness

19
Q

How do you diagnose Temporal giant cell arteritis?

A

ESR & biopsy

20
Q

How do you treat temporal giant cell arteritis?

A

aspirin & steroids

21
Q

This vasculitis presents in young Asian children. It is a primary vasculitis of the coronary arteries with 20% aneurysm formation

A

Kawasaki disease

22
Q

Pathogenesis of Kawasaki?

A

Immune reaction to ubiquitous RNA virus

23
Q

Pathology of Kawasaki?

A

Endothelial necrosis with transmural inflammation

24
Q

Signs/symptoms of Kawasaki?

A

Persistent high fever, conjunctivitis, skin erythema, cervical lymphadenopathy, STRAWBERRY TONGUE

25
Q

There are 7 complications that can result from MI. What the fudge are they?

A
  1. Arrhythmia
  2. Heart Failure
  3. Mural thrombus formation
  4. Cardiac rupture
  5. Pericarditis
  6. Aneurysm
  7. Papillary muscle
26
Q

How common are cardiac arrhythmias in MI?

A

Very very common.. almost always happen

27
Q

Dyspnea, crackles, and a third heart sound would lead you to believe that ______ is assc with MI

A

heart failure

28
Q

If over 40% of the LV is infarcted, what will patient present with?

A

Cardiogenic shock

29
Q

Where does a mural thrombus usually embolize to?

A

Brain or kidney

30
Q

Cardiac rupture of the free wall of the heart leads to?

A

Cardiac tamponade

31
Q

Cardiac rupture of the IV septum leads to?

A

left –> right shunt

32
Q

What day post MI is cardiac rupture most likely to happen?

A

5 days post MI

33
Q

How long post MI does pericarditis occur?

A

2-4 days

34
Q

Its been 6 weeks since Mr. Jone’s MI. He presents with an autoimmune disease against his pericardium. Whats the diagnosis?

A

Dressler syndrome

35
Q

Why can ventricular aneurysms happen post MI?

A

Because the scar tissue is thinner than the previous heart tissue was.. this happens months post MI

36
Q

Ruptured papillary muscle post MI leads to?

A

Mitral regurgitation