NICU

Question 1

What does APGAR stand for?

Answer 1

Appearance
Pulse
Grimace
Activity
Respiration

Question 2

How many times, and at what times is the APGARs taken?

Answer 2

3 times at 1, 5, & 10 minutes

Question 3

What are the APGARs scores?

Answer 3

0-3 severe distress
4-7 moderate distress
8-10 no distress

Question 4

What are the resting vitals for an infant?

Answer 4

HR: 120-160 bpm
Respiratory: 33-60 breaths/min

Question 5

What are resting vitals for a toddler?

Answer 5

HR: 90-140 bpm
Respiratory: 24-40

Question 6

What is full term gestation?

Answer 6

37-40 weeks

Question 7

How much does a premie (low birth weight) weigh?

Answer 7

1501g (3lb 5oz)- 2000g (4lb 7oz)

Question 8

How much does a very low birth weight premie weigh?

Answer 8

Less than 1500g (3lb 5 oz)

Question 9

How much does a micro premie weigh?

Answer 9

Less than 1000g (2lb 3.5oz)

Question 10

What constituted being small for gestational age (SGA)? What is it’s cause?

Answer 10

Below 10th percentile for weight

Secondary to intrauterine growth restriction

Question 11

List some problems you would expect to see in premies

Answer 11

Breathing, feeding, temperature regulation, cardiac, infection

Question 12

Causes of neonatal seizures

Answer 12

• metabolic imbalances
• inherited metabolic conditions
• infections
• hypoxic ischemia/ periventricular leukomalacia
• intracranial/ ventricular hemorrhage/ infarction
• congenital brain malformation
• chromosomal anomalies
• neonatal drug withdrawal

Question 13

What are examples of metabolic disturbances/ things that can be disturbed?

Answer 13

Glucose (maternal diabetes)
Sepsis/ infection
Calcium (hypocalcemia: maternal diabetes, fetal asphyxia, VLBW)
Electrolyte imbalances
Jaundice

Question 14

Examples of infectious diseases spread by Transplacental Acquisition?

Answer 14

◦AIDS/HIV
◦CMV
◦Rubella
◦Syphilis
◦Toxoplasmosis
◦TORCH syndrome*

Question 15

Examples of infectious diseases acquired postnatally ?

Answer 15

◦Bacterial infections
◦Fungal infections
◦Skin infections
◦GI infections
◦UTIs
◦URIs

Question 16

Examples of infectious diseases acquired perinatally ?

Answer 16

◦Chlamydia
◦Coxsackie
◦Polio
◦Strep B
◦Hepatitis B
◦Herpes
◦TB
◦Listeria (unpasteurized milk products)
◦Gonorrhea, Syphilis
◦Varicella
◦Bacterial infections
◦TORCH syndrome*

Question 17

Symptoms of FAS and FAE

Answer 17

Irritable, shaking, crying, weird reflexes, hyper alert, inconsolable

Question 18

Incidence of FAS and FAE

Answer 18

FAS- 750 infants/year

FAE- 40,000 infants/year

Question 19

Omphalocele

Answer 19

Abdominal wall deformity from umbilicus
Intestines outside cavity
** COVERED IN MEMBRANE**

Question 20

Gastroschisis

Answer 20

Intestines not in cavity OR membrane

Question 21

Diaphragmatic hernia

Answer 21

Intestines/ organs protrude through hole in diaphragm

Results in labored breathing and maybe a smaller lung

Question 22

Esophageal atresia

Answer 22

Esophagus is a pocket not connected to stomach

Baby spits up/ pukes

Question 23

Trachea esophageal fistula

Answer 23

Abnormal connection

Air in tummy food in lungs

Question 24

necrotizing enterocolitis

Answer 24

Death of colon tissue
Presents as distended stomach
Causes
A)GI tube not getting enough O2
B) bacteria in feeding tube can be epidemic t/o hospital
Sx to resect small intestines or colon and insert stoma

Question 25

Cardiac Complications

Answer 25

Patent Ductus arteriosis Ventricular septal defects/ atrial septal defects Tetralogy of fallot

Question 26

What color are babies with the tetralogy of Fallot?

Answer 26

Blue

Question 27

What are the 4 defects of the tetralogy of Fallot?

Answer 27

Ventricular septal defect Overriding of ascending aorta Pulmonic stenosis Right Ventricular hypertrophy

Question 28

How long before not breathing becomes apnea?

Answer 28

20 seconds

Question 29

Causes of Apnea

Answer 29

``` ◦Prematurity ◦Sepsis ◦Infection ◦Pneumonia ◦Upper airway anomalies ◦PDA ◦CHF ◦IVH ◦Seizures ◦Tumors ◦Anemia ◦ Rapid Environmental Changes ◦Feeding ◦Elimination ◦suctioning ```

Question 30

Causes of Bradycarida

Answer 30

◦Immaturity ◦Anoxia ◦Cerebral Defects ◦Increased intracranial pressure

Question 31

What is the cut off for bradycardia?

Answer 31

<120 bpm

Question 32

What are common respiratory conditions among neonates?

Answer 32

Respiratory distress syndrome Bronchopulmonary displasia Retinopathy of prematurity Meconium aspiration

Question 33

T or F: respiratory distress syndrome is a life long disease

Answer 33

False, it can resolve itself

Question 34

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia

Answer 34

Chronic | Lung tissue damage

Question 35

Retinopathy of prematurity

Answer 35

Unknown cause | Increase in eye pressure due to over vascularization resulting in proliferation

Question 36

Trisomy 21

Answer 36

Downs Syndrome

Question 37

Trisomy 13

Answer 37

Patau

Question 38

1p36 Deletion Syndrome

Answer 38

... 1p36 Deletion Syndrome

Question 39

5p minus syndrome (deletion)

Answer 39

Cri du chat syndrome or Lejeune’s syndrome

Question 40

Types of genetic conditions

Answer 40

``` Trisomy Monosomy Translations Deletions Inversion ```

Question 41

Types of orthopedic conditions

Answer 41

* Bracial Plexus Injury * Arthrogryposis * Congenital hip dislocation/dysplasia * Torticollis * Club foot deformity

Question 42

Signs of Overstimulation

Answer 42

* Hiccupping * Drowsiness * Fussiness * Yawning * Spitting up * Looking away * Finger/toe splaying