Nidoviridales

Question 1

What does nidus mean?

Answer 1

nidus = nest (reffering to the nested set of subgenomic mRNA synthesis for the structural proteins)

Question 2

Morphology

Answer 2

+ssRNA genome, helical capsid, enveloped & big

Question 3

Resistance

Answer 3

good pH resistance (pH3-9), but heat labile

Question 4

Replication strategy

Answer 4

Baltimore IV

Question 5

Host specific?

Answer 5

yes, in vitro as well

Question 6

CPEs

Answer 6

not characteristic (cell roundng & lysis)

Question 7

Torovirus

Answer 7

zoonoses (gastroenteritis)

Question 8

HA

Answer 8

varies (HEV)

Question 9

Antigenic properties

Answer 9

• relatively good antigens

- cross-reactions within genera - serogroups (IF, ELISA)

Question 10

Diagnosis

• direct
• indirect

Answer 10

direct:
-isolation (difficult) + IF
-clinical signs, IF, IEM
indirect:
-ELISA, IF (cross-reactions), VN, HAI

Question 11

Genus:

Answer 11

-Coronavirus
(alpha-, beta- and gammacoronavirus)
-Torovirus
(-Arteriviridae - arteritis)

Question 12

Alphacoronavirus:

What is TGE, who and how does it affect?

Answer 12

TGE = Porchine transmissible gastroenteritis virus
affect piglets - severe enteritis, diarrhea
+respiratory form

Question 13

Alphacoronavirus:

What is ED?

Answer 13

Ed = Porchine epidemic diarrhea virus

Question 14

Alphacoronavirus:

What is FIP, who and how does it affect?

Answer 14

FIP = Feline infectious peritonitis virus
it is an immunocomplex disease which comes in a
-wet form: ascites, peritonitis
-dry form: nephriris, uremia

Question 15

Other examlpes of alphacoronaviruses

Answer 15

• CCV = canine coronavirus - enteritis, diarrhea

- human enteric coronavirus

Question 16

Betacoronavirus:

What is BCV?

Answer 16

BCV = Bovine coronavirus - winter dysentery, calf diarrhea

Question 17

Betacoronavirus:

What is HEV?

Answer 17

HEV = Porchine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus

Question 18

Betacoronavirus:
What is SARS?
-natural host?

Answer 18

SARS = Severe acute respiratory syndrome virus
human pneumonia-> decreased surfacant production
- atelectasia
Natural host: palm civet cat, bats

Question 19

Other examlpes of betacoronaviruses

Answer 19

• MHV = Mouse hepetitis virus
• Canine respiratory coronavirus - kennel cought syndrome
• Human respiratory coronavirus

Question 20

Gammacoronavirus:

What is IB?

Answer 20

IB = Avian infectious bronchitis

• > chichen: respiratory symptomes
• > hens: egg deformaties
• nephropathogen strains - nephrititis, gout

Question 21

What does Turkey bluecomb disease cause?

Answer 21

enteritis, diarrhea, exiccosis, cyanosis

Question 22

Other examlpes of gammacoronaviruses

Answer 22

Duck, Goose, Pigeon, Pheasant coronaviruses

Question 23

Torovirus:

What does torus mean?

Answer 23

Torus = base of a column

Question 24

Torovirus:

What is Berne virus?

Answer 24

Berne virus = foal gastroenteritis

Question 25

Torovirus: | What is Breda virus?

Answer 25

Breda virus = calf gastroenteritis

Question 26

Other examlpes of Toroviruses

Answer 26

Chichen, swine, human gastroenteritis

Question 27

Arteriviridae: | morphology

Answer 27

+ssRNA genome, icosahedral capsid, enveloped, medium size

Question 28

Arteriviridae: | resistance

Answer 28

weak (37°C, pH 6-8)

Question 29

Arteriviridae: | replication

Answer 29

Baltimore IV, subgenomic mRNA synthesis

Question 30

Arteriviridae: | CPEs

Answer 30

not characteristic

Question 31

Arteriviridae: | transmission

Answer 31

aerogen, sexual

Question 32

Arteriviridae: | antigenic properties

Answer 32

good antigens, no cross-reactions

Question 33

Arteriviridae: diagnosis -direct -indirect

Answer 33

- Direct: clinical signs, isolation (difficult), histopathology, IF, RT-PCR - Indirect: VN, ELISA

Question 34

Arteriviridae: | Genus

Answer 34

Arterivirus

Question 35

Arteriviridae: | what does EAV mean, and what does it cause?

Answer 35

EAV = equine arteritis virus - arteritis - edema, abortion, respiratory symptoms - stallions may become persistently infected - carry the virus in the genital tract, shed the virus by the semen

Question 36

Arteriviridae: | What does PRRS (SIRS) mean?

Answer 36

PRRS = prochine respiratory and reproductive syndrome (SIRS = swine infertility and respiratory syndrome) -> early abortion - infertility -> respiratory symptoms - cyanosis (blue ear)