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Midway Practical Lab Demonstration > Nitty Gritty > Flashcards

Nitty Gritty Flashcards

(54 cards)

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1
Q

what to inspect on skin assessment (11)

A
  • colour
  • general pigmentation
  • areas of colour change
  • bruising
  • lumps
  • swelling
  • masses
  • tattoos
  • piercings
  • birthmarks
  • scars
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2
Q

what to palpate on skin assessment (7)

A
  • temperature
  • texture
  • thickness
  • tenderness
  • moisture
  • swelling
  • masses
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3
Q

definition of mobility and turgor

A
  • mobility is the ease of rising of skin

- turgor is the prompt return of skin when its released

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4
Q

6 characteristics of a lesion

A
  • colour
  • location and distribution
  • elevation
  • exudate
  • shape and pattern
  • size
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5
Q

ABCDE’s of dangerous lesion

A
  • asymmetry: should be symmetrical
  • borders: even border
  • colour: same colour throughout
  • diameter: less than 6mm
  • evolution: shouldn’t be changing
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6
Q

what to inspect on nail assessment (5)

A
  • shape
  • contour
  • condition
  • colour
  • markings
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7
Q

what to palpate on nail assessment

A
  • consistency
  • thickness
  • adhered to nail bed
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8
Q

things that could cause changes to nail bed angle

A
  • congenital, chronic, and cyanotic heart disease
  • emphysema
  • chronic bronchitis
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9
Q

things that could cause issues with capillary refill

A
  • cardiovascular dysfunction
  • respiratory dysfunction
  • cold temperatures
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10
Q

10 lymph node chains

A
  • preauricular
  • post auricular
  • occipital
  • submental
  • submandibular
  • tonsillar
  • superficial cervical
  • deep cervical
  • posterior clavicular
  • supraclavicular
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11
Q

technique for assessing lymph nodes

A
  • gentle circular motion
  • tips of fingers
  • bilaterally
  • submental tilt chin forwards
  • deep cervical chain tip head to side being assessed
  • supraclavicular chain hunch shoulder forward
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12
Q

what to note is palpate lymph nodes (7)

A
  • location
  • size
  • shape
  • delimitation
  • mobility
  • consistency
  • tenderness
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13
Q

lymph node in healthy individual

A
  • movable
  • discrete
  • soft
  • nontender
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14
Q

why a lymph node may be enlarged

A
  • infections
  • allergies
  • neoplasm
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15
Q

confrontation test angles

A

60cm, 2ft away

  • 50 superiorly
  • 60 nasally
  • 70 inferiorly
  • 90 temporally
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16
Q

what to note for pupillary response

A
  • size in mm
  • shape
  • symmetry
    all before and during
  • speed of reaction
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17
Q

accommodation test

A
  • have them look far away and then at your finger

- inspect pupils size change

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18
Q

convergence test

A
  • follow finger as it gets closer to bridge of nose
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19
Q

corneal light reflex expected findings

A
  • light should be on same spot of cornea
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20
Q

cover-uncover test expected findings

A
  • look for movement of uncovered eye when care removed
  • should be steady fixed gaze
  • look for movement of covered eye when card removed
  • should be steady fixed gaze
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21
Q

diagnostics position test expected findings

A
  • parallel tracking

- no nystagmus or lid lag

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22
Q

what to inspect and palpate when assessing ears (9)

Study These Flashcards
A
  • size
  • shape
  • position
  • skin colour and condition
  • temperature
  • texture
  • tenderness
  • lumps
  • nodules
23
Q

what to look for in canal and meatus (5)

Study These Flashcards
A
  • cerumen (amount, colour, odour)
  • lesions
  • foreign bodies
  • bleeding
  • discharge
24
Q

what to look for on tympanic membrane (8)

Study These Flashcards
A
  • colour
  • condition
  • cone of light (5 Rt, 7 Lt)
  • bulging
  • retraction
  • lesions
  • scaring
  • fluid
25
whispered voice test
- twice in each ear | - number letter number
26
what to inspect in lips, gums, teeth, and buccal mucosa (8)
- colour - condition - moisture (saliva) - swelling - lesions - bleeding - masses - ulcerations
27
what to inspect of surface of tongue (6)
- colour - condition - lesions - masses - ulderations - nodules
28
inspecting tongue function
- no wasting or tremors - position with protrusion should be midline - move out and side to side - light tight dynamite
29
what to inspect in throat and posterior pharyngeal wall (6)
- colour - condition - lesions - exudate - tonsils - halitosis
30
what to inspect for uvula
- colour - condition - position (midline) - movement with phonation ("aaa")
31
what to inspect on abdominal assessment (5)
- contour - symmetry - umbilicus - skin colour and condition - pulsations and movements
32
expected findings of bowel sounds
- diaphragm - character - frequency - high pitched, gurgling, cascading sounds - normal, hyperactive, hypoactive
33
how to prepare patient for abdominal assessment
- pillow under head and knees - arms at side of across chest - relax abdominal muscles - draping
34
inspection of voluntary guarding and involuntary rigidity
- voluntary guarding may be hunched over and grasping stomach and purposefully tensing muscles - involuntary rigidity may be swollen or distended
35
predominant tone over abdomen and where it may change
- tympany - dullness heard over a distended bladder, adipose tissue, fluid, or a mass - hyper resonance heard with gaseous distension
36
liver span expected findings
- 5th ICS to costal margin | - 6-12cm
37
spleen expected findings
- 9th-11th ICS - dullness - less than 7cm
38
costovertebral tenderness expected findings
- thud no pain or tenderness
39
difference between light and deep palpation
- light goes 1cm deep and palpate superficial surface | - deep goes 5-8cm deep and palpating organs
40
proper technique for abdominal palpation
- 1cm deep - 4 fingers - fingers parallel - lift between areas
41
what to palpate during abdominal assessment (6)
- texture - temperature - moisture - rigidity - pulsations - tenderness
42
voluntary guarding vs involuntary rigidity
- voluntary guarding is cold, tense, or ticklish and will relax with exhale - involuntary rigidity is constant muscle hardness, sometimes only on one side, may be sign of peritonitis
43
how to deal with anxious or ticklish patient (6)
- bend patients knees - keep hand parallel to abdomen - coach patient to breath slowly - use low and soothing voice - coach patient to use emotive imagery - interlace fingers with theirs, or use stethoscope
44
inspect demeanour and respiratory effort for thorax assessment
- relaxed posture - support own weight - relaxed, automatic, effortless, regular, even, no noise, no lags, no use of accessory muscles - 10-20/min
45
3 signs of respiratory distress
- tripod position - central cyanosis - pursed lips
46
inspect shape and configuration of posterior thorax
- spinous process straight and mid line - scapulae symmetrical in each hemithorax - ribs downward slope of 45 degrees - AP to transverse diameter 2:1 - sternocleidomastoid and trapezius developed
47
inspect shape and configuration of anterior thorax
- sternum straight and midline - ribs sloping downward - interspaces symmetrical - no use of accessory muscles - costal angle within 90 degrees
48
what to palpate for posterior thorax (8)
- temperature - texture - turgot - tenderness - lumps - bumps - masses - crepitus
49
tactile fremitus of thorax
- apices to bases (6th, 8th, 10th) - equal bilaterally - more pronounced between scapula dampened in peripheral lung fields - more pronounced in 1st or 2nd ICS dampened in peripheral lung field
50
technique for percussing thorax
- apices to bases - in ICS - avoid bone
51
predominant percussion tone over thorax
- resonance over lung field - dull over liver, heart, breast tissue - flat over bone - tympani over abdomen - dull in lungs may mean consolidation
52
bronchial breath sounds
- harsh - loud - inspiration shorter - pause between - over trachea
53
bonchovesicular breath sounds
- moderate sound - inspiration and expiration equal - between scapula and 1st/2nd ICS anteriorly
54
vesicular
- low - soft - inspiration longer - over peripheral lung fields

Midway Practical Lab Demonstration (2 decks)

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