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KN JD NPTE: NM > NM Brain Anatomy > Flashcards

NM Brain Anatomy Flashcards

(61 cards)

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1
Q

What are the 6 lobes of the hemispheres?

A

Frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal, limbic, insular

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2
Q

In the frontal lobe, the pre-central gyrus is the _____ area for _____ muscle activation

A

Motor

Voluntary

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3
Q

The prefrontal cortex controls what two things?

A

Emotions and judgement

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4
Q

Where is Broca’s area located, and what does it control?

A

Frontal lobe

Motor aspects of speech

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5
Q

The parietal lobe contains the post central gyrus which is….?

A

Primary sensory cortex for integration of sensation

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6
Q

The post central gyrus receives fibers conveying what 4 sensations from the opposite side of the body?

A

Touch, proprioception, pain, temperature

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7
Q

The temporal lobe is the primary _____ cortex

A

Auditory

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8
Q

Wernicke’s area is located where, and what is it responsible for?

A

Temporal lobe

Language comprehension

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9
Q

The occipital lobe is the primary _____ cortex

A

Visual

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10
Q

The insula lies deep within the ______ sulcus and is responsible for _______ functions

A

Lateral

Visceral

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11
Q

The _______ lobe contains the cingulate, parahippocampal, and subcallosal gyri, hippocampal formation, amygdaloid nucleus, hypothalamus, and anterior nuclei of thalamus

A

Limbic

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12
Q

This lobe is the oldest part of the brain

A

Limbic lobe

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13
Q

The limbic lobe is responsible for _____ and _____

A

Instincts and emotions

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14
Q

What lobe is responsible for feeding, aggression, and endocrine aspects of sexual response?

A

Limbic lobe

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15
Q

The cerebral hemispheres are also known as the _________ and are convolutions of _______ matter

A

Telencephalon

Gray

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16
Q

What structures are part of the telencephalon?

A 
Gray matter (cerebral hemispheres)
White matter (transverse fibers, projection fibers, association fibers)
Basal ganglia
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17
Q

Basal ganglia is masses of _____ matter

A

Gray

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18
Q

Basal ganglia consists of what 4 things?

A

Striatum (caudate nucleus, nucleus accumbens, putamen)
Globes pallidus
Subthalamic nuclei
Substantia nigra

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19
Q

The lenticular nucleus consists of what two structures?

A

Putamen and globus pallidus

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20
Q

What are the 3 circuits?

A

Oculomotor circuit
Motor loop
Limbic circuit

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21
Q

The oculomotor circuit (_______ loop) functions with what?

A

Caudate loop

Saccadic eye movements

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22
Q

The motor loop (________ loop) functions to….

A

Putamen loop

Scale amplitude and velocity of movements
Suppresses conflicting patterns
Preparatory for movement

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23
Q

The limbic circuit functions to do what?

A 
Organize behaviors (exec functions, problem solving)
and for procedural learning
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24
Q

What does the diencephalon consist of?

A

Thalamus
Subthalamus
Hypothalamus
Epithalamus

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25
Thalamus contains what 3 things?
Sensory nuclei, motor nuclei, other nuclei
26
The sensory nuclei in thalamus integrate and relay sensory information from the all sensory receptors EXCEPT
Olfaction
27
Motor nuclei relay motor information from _____ and _______ to precentral motor cortex
Cerebellum and GP
28
Other nuclei of the thalamus assist in integration of _____ and _____ functions
Visceral and somatic
29
The subthalamus is involved in control fo several functional pathways for ____, _____, and _____ functions
Sensory Motor Reticular
30
The hypothalamus integrates and controls the functions of the ______ and the ________ system
ANS | Neuroendocrine
31
The hypothalamus maintains ______ ____________
Body homeostasis
32
The epithalamus has what two structures?
The habenular nuclei | Pineal gland
33
The habenular nuclei integrate ____, _____ and ______ afferent pathways
Olfactory Visceral Somatic
34
The pineal gland secretes hormones that influence the ______ gland and several other organs Also influences ______ _______
Pituitary gland Circadian rhythm
35
The brainstem consists of what 3 structures?
Midbrain (mesencephalon) Pons Medulla oblongata
36
The midbrain connects the ____ to the _____
Pons to the cerebrum
37
The superior peduncle connects the _____ to the _____
Midbrain | Cerebellum
38
The ___________ contains ALL ascending tracts and some descending tracts
Tegmentum
39
The ____ ______ received fibers from the cerebellum
Red nucleus
40
The red nucleus is the origin for what tract?
Rubrospinal tract
41
The substantia nigra is a large motor nucleus connecting with the ________ and ________
Basal ganglia and cortex
42
The substantia nigra is important in what two things?
Motor control and muscle tone
43
The superior colliculus is an important relay station for _____ and _____ reflexes
VISION | VISUAL
44
The periaqueductal gray contains _______ producing cells and ________ autonomic tracts
Endorphin | Descending
45
Pons: Connects the ______ to the ______
Medulla oblongata to the midbrain
46
Midline raphe nuclei are important for modulating _____ and controlling ______
Pain | Arousal
47
Pons tegmentum contains several important cranial nerve nuclei including what?
CN 5, 6, 7, 8
48
The medulla oblongata connects _____ with _____
SC with pons
49
The medulla contains relay nuclei of dorsal columns (gracilis and cuneatus), fibers cross and give rise to ____ _____
Medial lemniscus
50
The inferior cerebellar peduncle relays dorsal ________ tract to cerebellum
Spinocerebellar
51
The corticospinal tracts deccusate in the ________
Pyramids
52
Medial longitudinal fasciculus is important for what?
Control of head movements and gaze stab (VOR)
53
Olivary nucleus complex connects cerebellum to brainstem and is important for ______ _____ ______
Voluntary movement control
54
Medulla contains what CN nuclei?
8, 10, 12
55
The medulla contains important centers for vital functions: including what 3 things?
Cardiac Respiratory and Vasomotor centers
56
Cerebellum has __ hemispheres and midline _____; cerebellar cortex, underlying _____ matter, and _____ paired deep nuclei
2 Vermis White 4
57
Archicerebellum (__________ lobe) connects with the ______ system and is concerned with ______ and regulation of ____ ______ Helps coordinate ___________
Flocculonodular Vestibular Equilibirum Muscle tone VOR
58
Paleocerebellum ( ____________, anterior lobe) receives input from ________ pathways and is concerned with modifying ______ _____ and synergistic actions of muscles. It is important in maintenance of ________ and voluntary movement control
Spinocerebellum Proprioceptive Muscle tone Posture
59
Neocerebellum (cerebellar hemisphere, posterior lobe) received input from _____________ tracts and _________ fibers It is concerned with the smooth contraction of ________ movements Ensures accurate force, direction, and extent of movement. Important for what else? (3 things) May have a role in assisting cognitive function and _____ ______
Corticopontocerebellar tracts and olivocerebellar fibers Voluntary Important for motor learning, sequencing or movements, and visually trigger movements Mental imagery
60
The midbrain contains what CN nuclei?
CN 3, 4
61
The ______ colliculus is the relay station for hearing and auditory reflexes
Inferior

KN JD NPTE: NM (27 decks)

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