NM702: Module 3/4 Flashcards
(87 cards)
Processes of Implantation:
1) Loss of the ________ ___________ (“hatching of the _________”) ___ days after fertilization, followed by rapid proliferation of the trophectoderm to form the__________cell mass. This is when the _________ becomes able to attach to the uterus.
2) Adherence of the___________ to the __________surface, which leads to the __________ reaction.
3) Erosion of the epithelium of the __________surface, with burrowing of the__________beneath the surface.
1) zona pellucida; “hatching” of the blastocyst; 5 days after fertilization; trophoblast. blastocyst
2) blastocyst; endometrial surface; decidual reaction
3) endometrial surface; blastocyst
Endometrial changes during pregnancy are known as the ___________ ___________.
decidual reaction
Blastocyst receives nutrition from digestion of substances in the _____________ tissue and capillaries
endometrial
The decidua is divided into _____ sections.
3
DECIDUA CAPSULARIS- covers growing ________ and regresses as the__________ grows. Disappears as the ________ fills the lumen of the uterus
embryo; chorion; embryo
DECIDUA BASALIS- spongy vascular bed on which the ____________rests. The site of the future__________. Forms _________ portion of ________. Where the interface between the mom and_________ is- changes happen here to support__________ and_________.
blastocyst;
placenta;
maternal, placenta;
trophoblast; adhesion migration
DECIDUA PARIETALIS- the remaining ________. Fuses with the __________and ________at ________weeks and the uterine cavity is __________.
decidua;
amnion and chorion; 18-20 weeks;
obliterated
The trophoblast attaches to endometrium ____ days after fertilization, fully implanted by day _________.
5-6 days; 10 to 12
The \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is responsible for: Erode maternal tissue to make space for implantation and growth Secrete hormones Transport nutrients and waste products Placental attachment Migration and arterial transformation
trophoblast
The _________ layer of the trophoblast produces __________ which maintains the __________ _________.
outer; hCG; corpus luteum
The _______________ is the _________ layer of the blastocyst and develops into the __________
trophoblast; outer; placenta
_________ __________ can occur if trophoblast invasion is too extensive.
Placenta accreta
When does the amniotic cavity form?
During the 2nd week following fertilization.
What is the source of early amniotic fluid?
maternal serum
When does blood flow into the intervillous space begin? And when do the spiral arteries become patent and fetal oxygen levels increase?
8-9 weeks; 11-12 weeks
An ectopic pregnancy is an ___________ pregnancy.
extrauterine.
What do we believe has caused a rise in ectopic pregnancies in recent years?
the rise in STI’s and PID
Initial placental and embryonic development occur in a _____________ environment.
hypoxic
What disease is associated with alteration in hypoxia inducible factors in development of the placenta?
Preeclampsia
When is fetoplacental circulation established between the villi and embryo?
about day 21
Alterations in development of the villous system can lead to _______ or _________ ________ __________.
miscarriage; fetal growth restriction
Placenta reaches full maturation at ___ to ___ days and is indicated by ___________ of the maternal _______ ___________.
40-50; erosion of maternal spiral arterioles; also when chorion or outer fetal membrane is formed.
What causes placenta to continue to grow?
Proliferation of terminal villi results in increased surface area.
The placenta covers _____ of the inner uterine surface.
1/3 or 33%
