NMM Elbow viva Flashcards
(23 cards)
what is the lateral epicondyle of the humerus?
The bony origin of the extensor tendons
what happens at the lateral epicondyle of the humerus when extensor muscles are overused?
it becomes irritated and inflamed due to tensile force being created
where and what is the LCL?
lateral collateral ligament stabilises the lateral elbow and lies deep to the Common extensor tendon
what are the main muscles that are over used in lateral tendinopathy?
- extensor carpi radialis (longus)
- extensor carpi ulnaris
- extensor digitorum communis
when is a patients condition described as irritable?
when it takes >5 minutes to ease
(petty 2018)
what are the main tendons involved?
Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis tendon
Common extensor tendon
what is the O/I/A of the extensor carpi radialis longus?
O: lateral supracondylar ridge of the humerus
I: base of the 2nd metacarpal
A: extends and radially deviates wrist
what is the O/I/A of the extensor carpi radialis brevis?
O: lateral epicondyle of the humerus
I: base of the 3rd metacarpal
A: extends and radially deviates the wrist
what is the O/I/A of the extensor carpi ulnaris?
O: lateral epicondyle of the humerus
I: base of the 5th metacarpal
A: extends and ulnar deviates the wrist
what is the O/I/A of the extensor digitorum?
O: lateral epicondyle of the humerus
I: middle and distal phalanges of 4 fingers
A: extends wrist and fingers (involved in gripping motions)
what is the elbow bursae?
a thin, fluid filled sac located between the bony tip of the elbow in the olecranon and the skin
what does elbow bursae do?
it reduces friction between tendons, bones and skin during movement
what does hylaine cartilage do?
it lines the surface of bones at the elbow joint (humerus, radius and ulnar), allowing for smooth, low friction movement.
synovial membarne
a thin layer of connective tissue that lines the joint capsule, producing synovial fluid that lubricates and reduces friction during movement
what is the main issue at the ECRB tendon?
over-use and micro-tearing:
causing degeneration of the ECRB tendon where it attaches to the lateral epicondyle.
what happens to the ECRB tendon with over use over time?
it becomes microscopically damaged and weak (due to type I collagen being replaced with type III)
*especially at the enthesis (tendon-bone connection)
what is nociceptive pain?
pain arising from damage to non-neural tissue due to the activation of nociceptors
what are nociceptos?
a sensory receptor for painful stimuli
where does nociceptive pain originate from?
the mechanical and chemical irritation of tendons at the lateral epicondyle due to overuse or micro-tearing
what is SOMATIC nociceptive pain
pain that originates from receptors in the skin, muscles, tendons, joints and bones
(very localised)
what 3 home exercises would you recommend?
- passive independent stretch
- stress ball squeeze
- towel twists
benefits of using towel twists?
strengthens both flexors and extensors, helping to reduce strain on the tendons and improve wrist and forearm function
benefits of stress ball squeeze?
strengthens wrist extensors (extensor digitorum), strengthen can improve joint stability and reduce pain
