No 1 Flashcards
(26 cards)
What is the primary function of the kidneys?
The primary function of the kidneys is to filter waste products from the blood and excrete them as urine.
What is a nephron?
A nephron is the functional unit of the kidney responsible for urine formation.
True or False: Each kidney contains approximately one million nephrons.
True
What are the two main parts of a nephron?
The two main parts of a nephron are the renal corpuscle and the renal tubule.
Fill in the blank: The renal corpuscle consists of the ______ and the glomerulus.
Bowman’s capsule
What is the role of the glomerulus?
The glomerulus filters blood to form urine.
What is the function of the renal tubule?
The renal tubule reabsorbs water and essential substances from the filtrate and secretes waste products.
Multiple Choice: Which part of the nephron is responsible for the reabsorption of water? A) Glomerulus B) Proximal convoluted tubule C) Loop of Henle D) Distal convoluted tubule
B) Proximal convoluted tubule
What substances are primarily excreted in urine?
Urea, creatinine, uric acid, and excess salts.
True or False: The Loop of Henle is involved in the concentration of urine.
True
What is the significance of the juxtaglomerular apparatus?
The juxtaglomerular apparatus helps regulate blood pressure and the filtration rate of the glomerulus.
Fill in the blank: The ______ collects urine from multiple nephrons and channels it to the renal pelvis.
collecting duct
What hormone regulates water reabsorption in the kidneys?
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Multiple Choice: Which part of the nephron is primarily responsible for the secretion of potassium ions? A) Proximal convoluted tubule B) Loop of Henle C) Distal convoluted tubule D) Collecting duct
C) Distal convoluted tubule
What is the primary waste product of protein metabolism?
Urea
True or False: Kidneys help regulate electrolyte balance in the body.
True
What is the normal pH range of urine?
4.5 to 8.0
Fill in the blank: The ______ artery supplies blood to the kidneys.
renal
What is the main function of the distal convoluted tubule?
The distal convoluted tubule is involved in the selective reabsorption and secretion of ions.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a component of urine? A) Water B) Urea C) Glucose D) Creatinine
C) Glucose
What does GFR stand for in kidney function assessment?
Glomerular Filtration Rate
True or False: The kidneys are responsible for the production of erythropoietin.
True
What is the relationship between blood pressure and kidney function?
High blood pressure can damage the kidneys and impair their ability to filter blood.
Fill in the blank: The ______ is the innermost layer of the kidney.
renal medulla
