No No No Don’t Phunk With My Heart Anatomy COPY card 46-89

Question 1

heart valve movements are the result?

Answer 1

• orientation of the valves attachments
• pressure difference between the two sides of the valve

Question 2

Which two valves are classified as atrioventricular valves and which two are classified as semilunar valves?

Answer 2

av valves-tricuspid and mitral

semilunar-pulmonic and aortic

Question 3

a dense fibrous connective tissue surrounding the four valves of the heart

Answer 3

fibrous Skelton

Question 4

four fused fibrous rings provide the attachment for the cusps of the cardiac valves

Answer 4

fibrous Skelton

Question 5

serves as attachment for the atrial and ventricular cardiac myocytes

Answer 5

fibrous Skelton

Question 6

what is the functional significances of the fibrous Skelton?

Answer 6

• electrically isolates the atrial and ventricular cardiac muscle masses

Question 7

due to the fibrous Skelton the only normal path for electrical impulses between the atria and ventricle is through?

Answer 7

the conducting system

Question 8

Which coronary artery arises from an ostia in the root of the ascending aorta around the right margin of the heart to the posterior part of the right atrium and ventricle

Answer 8

right coronary artery

Question 9

Which coronary artery arises from an ostia in the root of the ascending aorta?

Answer 9

left and right coronary artery

Question 10

in about ⅔ of individuals the right coronary artery ends by forming the ___________

Answer 10

posterior interventricular artery

Question 11

the right coronary artery arises from an ostia in the root of the ascending aorta around the right margin of the heart to the posterior part of the right atrium and ventricle. What course does it take and where does it terminate?

Answer 11

• runs in the coronary sulcus (depression between the atria and ventricles
• in about ⅔ of individuals the right coronary artery ends by forming the posterior interventricular artery

Question 12

What parts of the heart does the right coronary artery supply? 4

Answer 12

What parts of the heart does the right coronary artery supply? 4

1. most of the right atrium and ventricle
2. the conducting system as far as the proximal parts of the right and left bundle branches
3. posterior of the interventricular septum
4. significant part of the inferior (diaphragmatic) surface of the left ventricles

Question 13

The left coronary artery arises from the ostia in the root of the ascending aorta. What course does it take after that?

Answer 13

• runs a short distance (2cm) before branching into the anterior interventricular and circumflex arteries
• anterior interventricular/left anterior descending artery-runs in the anterior interventricular sulcus inferiorly toward the apex of the heart
• the circumflex artery runs in the coronary sulcus around the left side of the left side of the posterior-inferior surface

Question 14

the left coronary artery supplies the anterior interventricular which supplies?

3

Answer 14

1. anterior portion of the left ventricle
2. anterior ⅔ of the interventricular septum
3. distal parts of the left and right bundle branches

Question 15

the left coronary artery supplies the circumflex which supplies?

2

Answer 15

1. left atrium
2. left diaphragmatic surfaces of the left ventricle

Question 16

List, in functional order, the components of the impulse conducting system of the heart.

6

Answer 16

1. sinoatrial node (SA)
2. atrial musculature
3. atrioventricular node (AV)
4. atrioventricular (AV) bundle (bundle of his)
5. bundle branches: right and left
6. network of purkinje fibers

Question 17

the conducting system is composed of specialized cardiac myocytes located where?

Answer 17

in the heart wall “subendocardial” between the endocardium and myocardium

Question 18

Where is the sinoatrial node located?

Answer 18

wall of the right atrium at the junction of the atrium and superior vena cava

Question 19

From the SA node impulse spreads to the?

Answer 19

atrial musculature

Question 20

What conducts the impulse from the right to left atrium?

Answer 20

Bachmann’s turner overdrive bundle

Question 21

Where is this atrioventricular node located?

3

Answer 21

1. right atrium
2. opposite the sinoatrial node
3. between the interatrial septum and tricuspid

Question 22

runs from the AV node passes through the fibrous skeleton and runs a short distance in the posterior margin of the membranous interventricular septum before branching

Answer 22

atrioventricular bundle

Question 23

which bundle branch is thicker and splits into a thinner anterior fascicle and a thick posterior fascicle

Answer 23

left bundle branch

Question 24

Right or left bundle branch?

a thin branch that runs toward the apex on the right side of the ventricular septum

Answer 24

right bundle branch

Question 25

the bundle branches subdivide into a complex network of ______ \_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_

Answer 25

individual Purkinje fibers (specialized cardiac myocytes)

Question 26

the purkinjie fibers branch out over the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_surfaces of both _______ and terminate on working ______ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 26

the purkinjie fibers branch out over the **subendocardial** surfaces of both **ventricles** and terminate on working **cardiac myocytes**

Question 27

What specific parts of the heart _are_, and _are not_, innervated by the parasympathetic nerve fibers?

Answer 27

* nodal myocytes in the SA and AV nodes and the working myocytes in the **_atria_** * **_not_ the working myocytes in the _ventricles_**

Question 28

What specific parts of the heart _are_, and innervated by the sympathetic nerve fibers? 3

Answer 28

1. nodal myocytes in the SA and AV nodes 2. atrial and ventricular working myocytes 3. smooth muscle of the coronary vessels

Question 29

the cellular structure of cardiac muscle is nearly identical to skeletal muscle except\_\_\_\_\_\_. 7 differences

Answer 29

* Functionally the same. 1. t tubules run down **z line the sarcolemma invaginates deeply into the cel**l, in contrast to SKM the t tubules invaginate at the intersection of the A and I band 2. **very abundant mitochondria** 3. because of the passive tension properties of cardiac muscle there is **only an H zone when sarcomeres are stretched beyond a normal resting length** 4. **cardiac muscle t tubules 5 times larger diameter and 25 times larger in volume** than SKM, cardiac muscle is dependent upon extracellular Calcium for excitation-contraction coupling; **large t tubules** put more ECF close to contractile apparatus 5. **small diameter sacrotubles** 6. **no well defined cisternae or developed sarcoplasmic reticulum** 7. **flattened** portion of **sarcoplasmic reticulum** do **adjoin** the **t tubules** to form **diads** as opposed to triad in skm

Question 30

the conducting system of the cardiac system is in the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_tissue not the \_\_\_\_\_\_tissue

Answer 30

muscle not nervous "cardiac myocytes"

Question 31

nodal myocytes are located where?

Answer 31

sinoatrial and atrioventricular nodes of the atria

Question 32

The ______ are irregularly shaped small myocytes, with sparse myofibrils, poorly developed sarcoplasmic reticulum, no t tubular system, and electrical continuity with adjacent fibers.

Answer 32

nodal myocytes

Question 33

the significance of the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_voltage gated ion channels in these cells cause them to spontaneously depolarize at regular intervals.

Answer 33

nodal myocytes

Question 34

purkinjie fibers are located where?

Answer 34

* atrioventricular bundle “bundle of his” * left and right bundle branches * network that penetrates into the ventricular mass and terminates on ventricular myocardial cells

Question 35

large elongated fibers, that make contact end to end through intercalated discs with numerous gap junctions, spares myofibrils

Answer 35

purkinjie fibers

Question 36

conduct impulses through the ventricles about 6 times faster than atrial or ventricular myocardial cells

Answer 36

purkinjie fibers

Question 37

What attaches adjacent cardiac muscle cells to each other? fit together like fingers in clasped hands

Answer 37

intercalated disc-complex of end to end connection between adjacent myocytes

Question 38

What are the components of intercalated disc?

Answer 38

desmosomes gap junctions

Question 39

main structural component of an intercalated disc, mechanically connect cardiac myocytes to each other and transmit force from cell to cell

Answer 39

desmosomes

Question 40

the electrical component of intercalated disc, allows ions to flow easily from one cell to the next, increase velocity of impulse transmissions from cell to cell

Answer 40

gap junctions

Question 41

normally impulses pass from the atrial myocytes to the ventricular myocytes only via the _____ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 41

atrioventricular bundle

Question 42

When a single myocyte in a chamber is excited, electrical impulse does what?

Answer 42

spreads to all of the cells within the chamber

Question 43

what divides the heart into atrial myocytes and ventricular myocytes

Answer 43

fibrous “cardiac skeleton”

Question 44

every cardiac myocytes is in\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_with every other cardiac myocyte.

Answer 44

electrical continuity