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COPR REVIEW > NOCP 4 > Flashcards

NOCP 4 Flashcards

(101 cards)

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1
Q

a bulging, weakened area in the wall of a blood vessel resulting in an abnormal widening or ballooning greater than 50% of the vessel’s normal diameter (width)

A

Aneurysm

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2
Q

Signs and Symptoms of an aortic aneurysm

A

Severe pain in your belly, lower back or legs.
Shortness of breath.
Fast heartbeat.
Low blood pressure.
Dizziness or fainting.
Nausea or vomiting.
Clammy, sweaty skin.

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3
Q

Signs and symptoms of ateriosclerosis

A

Chest pain during activity that goes away when you rest

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4
Q

thickening or hardening of the arteries caused by a buildup of plaque in the inner lining of an artery

A

Arteriosclerosis

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5
Q

a blood clot that forms within the deep veins, usually of the leg, but can occur in the arms and the mesenteric and cerebral veins

A

Deep Vein Thrombosis

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6
Q

Symptoms of DVT

A

Leg swelling.
Leg pain, cramping or soreness that often starts in the calf.
Change in skin color on the leg — such as red or purple, depending on the color of your skin.
A feeling of warmth on the affected leg

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7
Q

Symptoms of hypertension

A

severe headaches.
chest pain.
dizziness.
difficulty breathing.
nausea.
vomiting.
blurred vision or other vision changes.
anxiety.

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8
Q

a slow and progressive disorder of the blood vessels

A

Peripheral vascular disease

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9
Q

Symptoms of PVD

A

Intermittent pain (claudication), which may feel like cramps, muscle fatigue or heaviness (usually in the legs)
Worsening pain during exercise (usually in the legs)
Easing of pain during rest (usually in the legs)
Coldness of the affected body part.
Numbness.
Pins and needles

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10
Q

inflammation of the inside lining of the heart chambers and heart valves

A

Endocarditis

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11
Q

Symptoms of endocarditis

A

Aching joints and muscles.
Chest pain when you breathe.
Fatigue.
Flu-like symptoms, such as fever and chills.
Night sweats.
Shortness of breath.
Swelling in the feet, legs or belly.
A new or changed whooshing sound in the heart (murmur)

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12
Q

inflammation of the heart muscle, called the myocardium

A

Myocarditis

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13
Q

Symptoms of myocarditis

A

Chest pain.
Fatigue.
Swelling of the legs, ankles and feet.
Rapid or irregular heartbeats, called arrhythmias.
Shortness of breath, at rest or during activity.
Lightheadedness or feeling like you might faint.
Flu-like symptoms such as headache, body aches, joint pain, fever or sore throat

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14
Q

inflammation of the pericardium

A

Pericarditis

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15
Q

A heart attack with a completely blocked coronary artery

A

Infarction with ST elevation

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15
Q

Symptoms of pericarditis

A

Pain in your back, neck or left shoulder.
Trouble breathing when you lie down.
A dry cough.
Palpitations (feeling like your heart is racing or beating irregularly).
Anxiety or fatigue.
Fever.
Swelling of your legs, feet and ankles in severe cases

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16
Q

a type of involving partial blockage of one of the coronary arteries, causing reduced flow of oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle.

A

Infarction with no ST elevation

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17
Q

a less-than-normal amount of blood flow to part of your body

A

Ischemia

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18
Q

Symptoms of ischemia

A

Neck or jaw pain.
Shoulder or arm pain.
A fast heartbeat.
Shortness of breath when you are physically active.
Nausea and vomiting.
Sweating.
Fatigue

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19
Q

chest pain that is sudden and often gets worse over a short period of time

A

Unstable angina

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20
Q

Symptoms of unstable angina

A

Chest pain that you may also feel in the shoulder, arm, jaw, neck, back, or other area.
Discomfort that feels like tightness, squeezing, crushing, burning, choking, or aching.
Discomfort that occurs at rest and does not easily go away when you take medicine.
Shortness of breath.
Sweating

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21
Q

chest pain or discomfort that most often occurs with activity or emotional stress

A

Stable angina

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22
Q

Symptoms of left-sided failure

A

Bluish color in the fingertips and lips.
Cough, which may bring up phlegm or mucus tinged with blood.
Fatigue and weakness, even after resting.
Rapid or irregular heartbeat (arrhythmia)
Sudden, unexpected weight gain.
Swelling in the ankles, legs, feet and/or abdomen.
Trouble concentrating.

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23
Q

Symptoms of right-sided failure

A

Awakening at night with shortness of breath.
Shortness of breath during exercise or when lying flat.
Coughing.
Wheezing.
Difficulty concentrating.
Dizziness.
Fatigue.
Fluid retention causing swelling in the ankles, legs, feet and/or abdomen

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24
those which cause neither symptoms nor haemodynamic upset and which have no prognostic significance
Benign arrythmias
25
Lethal arrythmia
Ventricular fibrillation (V-FIB)
26
Life threatening arrythmias
v-tach and v-fib
27
convulsions that can happen when a young child has a fever above 100.4°F (38°C)
Febrile seizure
28
absence, atonic, tonic, clonic, tonic-clonic, myoclonic, and febrile seizures
Generalized seizure
29
causes you to blank out or stare into space for a few seconds
Absence seizure
30
muscles suddenly become limp
Atonic seizure
31
causes a sudden stiffness or tension in the muscles of the arms, legs or trunk
Tonic seizure
32
repeated jerking movements of the arms and legs on one or both sides of the body, sometimes with numbness or tingling
Clonic seizure
33
involve both stiffening and twitching or jerking phases of muscle activity
Tonic-clonic seizure
34
brief, shock-like jerks of a muscle or a group of muscles
Myoclonic seizure
35
unusual electrical activity affects a small area of the brain
Partial (focal) seizure
36
Symptoms of intracranial hemorrhage
Sudden or severe headache. Weakness, tingling or numbness in the arms or legs (often on one side) Nausea or vomiting. Dizziness. Confusion. Difficulty speaking or understanding speech. Loss of movement on the side of the body opposite of the head injury
37
a headache that can cause severe throbbing pain or a pulsing sensation, usually on one side of the head
migraine
38
Symptoms of a migraine
severe throbbing pain or a pulsing sensation, usually on one side of the head. It's often accompanied by nausea, vomiting, and extreme sensitivity to light and sound, aura
39
Symptoms of a tension headache
Slow start of the headache Head often hurts on both sides Pain is dull or feels like a band or vice around the head Pain may involve the back part of the head or neck Pain is often mild to moderate, but not severe
40
occurs when the blood supply to part of the brain is blocked or reduced
ischemic stroke
41
strokes caused by a thrombus (blood clot) that develops in the arteries supplying blood to the brain
Thrombolic stroke
42
usually caused by a blood clot that forms elsewhere in the body (embolus) and travels through the bloodstream to the brain
Embolic stroke
43
Symptoms of thrombolic stroke
Facial drooping. Slurred speech. Weakness, numbness or even paralysis on one side of the body. Double or blurred vision. Sudden difficulty walking or maintaining balance. Problems understanding speech. Sudden confusion
44
Symptoms of embolic stroke
Difficulty speaking or understanding words Trouble walking Weakness or numbness Paralysis in the limbs or either side of the face Temporary paralysis Blurred vision or blindness Slurred speech Dizziness Difficulty swallowing Nausea or vomiting Drowsiness
45
due to bleeding into the brain by the rupture of a blood vessel
hemorrhagic stroke
46
mini stroke
transient ischemic attack
47
impaired mental functioning ranging from confusion to coma and indicates an illness, either metabolic or structural in nature
Metabolic ALOC
48
impaired mental functioning ranging from confusion to coma and indicates an illness, either metabolic or structural in nature
Structural ALOC
49
a nervous system disease that affects nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)
50
S/S ALS
muscle twitching and weakness in an arm or leg, trouble swallowing or slurred speech
51
a group of conditions that affect movement and posture
Cerebral Palsy
52
S/S cerebral palsy
Abnormal movements (twisting, jerking, or writhing) of the hands, feet, arms, or legs while awake, which gets worse during periods of stress. Tremors. Unsteady gait. Loss of coordination. Floppy muscles, especially at rest, and joints that move around too much
53
a disorder in which the body's immune system attacks the protective covering of the nerve cells in the brain, optic nerve and spinal cord, called the myelin sheath
Multiple Sclerosis
54
S/S MS
numbness, weakness, trouble walking, vision changes
55
a brain disorder that causes unintended or uncontrollable movements, such as shaking, stiffness, and difficulty with balance and coordination.
Parkinson's Disease
56
S/S Parkinsons disease
Tremor in hands, arms, legs, jaw, or head. Muscle stiffness, where muscle remains contracted for a long time. Slowness of movement. Impaired balance and coordination, sometimes leading to falls
57
an illness caused by a virus that mainly affects nerves in the spinal cord or brain stem (mainly affects children)
Poliomyelitis
58
S/S POLIOMYELITIS
fever, fatigue, headache, vomiting, stiffness of the neck and pain in the limbs
59
type of tumor that forms from cells that make blood vessels or lymph vessels.
Vascular tumor
60
Symptoms of epidural hematoma
Confusion. Dizziness. Drowsiness or altered level of alertness. Enlarged pupil in one eye. Headache (severe) Head injury or trauma followed by loss of consciousness, a period of alertness, then rapid deterioration back to unconsciousness. Nausea or vomiting.
61
S/S of subdural hematoma
A headache that doesn't go away. It's usually severe in acute subdural hematomas. Nausea and vomiting. Slurred speech (dysarthria). Changes in your vision. Dizziness. Balance issues or difficulty walking. Weakness on one side of your body
62
S/S of subarachnoid hematoma
Severe headache, the worst headache pain you've ever had that feels different from other headaches. Loss of consciousness (may be brief or prolonged) Double vision. Nausea or vomiting. Trouble speaking. Drooping eyelid. Confusion and trouble concentrating
63
the shearing (tearing) of the brain's long connecting nerve fibers (axons) that happens when the brain is injured as it shifts and rotates inside the bony skull
Diffuse axonal injury
64
S/S diffuse axonal injury
These symptoms most commonly include a headache. The other post-concussive symptoms can include dizziness, nausea, vomiting, and fatigue. However, patients with a severe diffuse axonal injury may also present with a loss of consciousness and remain in a persistent vegetative state.
65
S/S SPINAL CORD INJURY
Spinal cord injury - Symptoms and causes - Mayo Clinic Exaggerated reflex activities or spasms. Changes in sexual function, sexual sensitivity and fertility. Pain or an intense stinging sensation caused by damage to the nerve fibers in the spinal cord. Trouble breathing, coughing or clearing secretions from the lungs
66
S/S ACUTE RESPIRATORY FAILURE
Shortness of breath or feeling like you can't get enough air (dyspnea). Rapid breathing (tachypnea). Extreme tiredness (fatigue). Fast heart rate (feeling like your heart's racing) or heart palpitations. Spitting or coughing blood or bloody mucus (hemoptysis
67
a serious lung condition that causes low blood oxygen
ARDS
68
S/S ARDS
Shortness of breath Fast breathing, or taking lots of rapid, shallow breaths Fast heart rate Coughing that produces phlegm Blue fingernails or blue tone to the skin or lips Extreme tiredness Fever Crackling sound in the lungs Chest pain, especially when trying to breathe deeply Low blood pressure Confusion
69
s/s aspiration
Feel something stuck in your throat Have pain when you swallow, or swallowing is hard Cough while or after you eat or drink Feel congested after you eat or drink Have a gurgling or "wet-sounding" voice when you eat Too much saliva in your mouth Chest discomfort or heartburn Shortness of breath or fatigue while eating Fever within a half-hour of eating Frequent pneumonia Trouble chewing
70
a condition involving constriction of the airways and difficulty or discomfort in breathing
COPD
71
s/s copd
Working harder than usual to breathe or having trouble breathing. Chest tightness. Coughing more often. More mucus or changes in mucus color or thickness. Fever
72
an unusual amount of fluid around the lung
Pleural effusion
73
s/s pleural effusion
chest pain, dyspnea, orthopnea
74
an infection that inflames the air sacs in one or both lungs
Pneumonia
75
s/s pneumonia
Chest pain when you breathe or cough. Confusion or changes in mental awareness (in adults age 65 and older) Cough, which may produce phlegm. Fatigue. Fever, sweating and shaking chills. Lower than normal body temperature (in adults older than age 65 and people with weak immune systems) Nausea, vomiting or diarrhea
76
a condition in which your airways narrow and swell and may produce extra mucus
Asthma
77
s/s asthma
Shortness of breath. Cough. Chest tightness or pain. Wheeze (a whistling sound when you breathe) Waking at night due to asthma symptoms. A drop in your peak flow meter reading (if you use one)
78
s/s bronchitis
Coughing up mucus, wheezing, shortness of breath, chest discomfort
79
a sudden blockage in your pulmonary arteries, the blood vessels that send blood to your lungs
pulmonary embolism
80
s/s pulmonary embolism
Sudden shortness of breath (most common) Chest pain (usually worse with breathing) A feeling of anxiety A feeling of dizziness, lightheadedness, or fainting Irregular heartbeat Palpitations (heart racing) Coughing and/or coughing up blood Sweating Low blood pressure Symptoms of DVT
81
a condition caused by too much fluid in the lungs
pulmonary edema
82
s/s pulmonary edema
Trouble breathing, or shortness of breath Feelings of anxiety related to breathing difficulties Wheezing or noisy breathing Quick, shallow breathing Trouble breathing while lying down Discomfort related to breathing A feeling of suffocation Coughed-up sputum that appears frothy and pinkish, if blood is present Pale or bluish skin Sweating or feeling clammy Swelling in the feet or ankles Confusion
83
s/s SARS
high fever, non-productive cough, shortness of breath, malaise, diarrhea, chest pain, headache, sore throat, myalgias and vomiting.
84
What bacteria are now resistant to antibiotics?
MRSA (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus) Clostridium difficile (C. diff)
85
s/s diaphragmatic injury
difficulty breathing, vomiting, collapse, and an absence of palpable organs in the abdomen
86
a traumatic disorder that happens when three or more ribs located next to each other are fractured in two or more places.
flail chest
87
s/s flail chest
paradoxical movement of a portion of the chest wall
88
a serious condition in which blood collects in your pleural space
hemothorax
89
s/s hemothorax
dull chest sounds on palpation Shortness of breath (dyspnea). Rapid breathing (hyperventilation). Rapid heart rate. Chest pain. Low blood pressure (hypotension). Feelings of restlessness. Anxiety. Fever.
90
a life-threatening emergency wherein a large air collection in the pleural space compromises respiration and cardiac function
Tension pneumothorax
91
s/s tension pneumothorax
breathlessness and unilateral chest pain
92
sudden onset of a collapsed lung without any apparent cause
Simple pneumothorax
93
s/s simple pneumothorax
acute, unilateral chest pain and shortness of breath
94
a lung parenchymal injury that does not lead to lung or pulmonary vascular lacerations.
Pulmonary contusion
95
s/s pulmonary contusion
tachypneic, tachycardic, and visibly in respiratory distress in the early stages
96
an infection of the upper airway, which becomes narrow, making it harder to breathe
Croup
97
s/s croup
Loud barking cough that's made worse by crying and coughing, as well as anxiety and distress, setting up a cycle of worsening symptoms. Fever. Hoarse voice. Noisy or labored breathing
98
inflammation and swelling of the epiglottis.
epiglottitis
99
s/s epiglottitis
a severe sore throat. difficulty and pain when swallowing. difficulty breathing, which may improve when leaning forwards. breathing that sounds abnormal and high-pitched (stridor) a high temperature. irritability and restlessness. muffled or hoarse voice. drooling
100
when a baby that seems healthy dies suddenly in their sleep, and the cause of death cannot be explained
sudden infant death syndrome

COPR REVIEW (3 decks)

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