Nomenclature Flashcards
(47 cards)
1
Q
of carbons in the main chain prefixes
A
meth, eth, prop, but, pent, hex, hept, oct, non, dec
2
Q
meth-
A
1 carbon
3
Q
eth-
A
2 carbons
4
Q
prop-
A
3 carbons
5
Q
but-
A
four carbons
6
Q
pent-
A
5 carbons
7
Q
hex-
A
6 carbons
8
Q
hept-
A
seven carbons
9
Q
oct-
A
8 carbons
10
Q
non-
A
9 carbons
11
Q
dec-
A
10 carbons
12
Q
Naming an unbranched alkane
A
of Carbons prefix + ane
13
Q
-Ane
A
refers to alkane
14
Q
Naming a branched alkane
A
- Find the longest continuous chain
- Number each substituent so that the substituent has lowest carbon number
- Find the carbon that the substituent goes off of
- Put carbon number substituent goes off of + substituent + root name together
15
Q
Substituent
A
attached to main chain, branch
16
Q
Common substituent names
A
methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, secbutyl, tertbutyl
17
Q
Methyl
A
CH3
18
Q
Ethyl
A
CH2CH3
19
Q
Propyl
A
CH2CH2CH3
20
Q
Butyl
A
CH2CH2CH2CH3
21
Q
Isopropyl
A
looks like fork or antibody structure
22
Q
Isobutyl
A
has CH2 before going into antibody structure
23
Q
tert-butyl
A
looks like a chicken stick claw
24
Q
sec-butyl
A
looks like an antibody attached to an antigen on one end
25
Dashes
separate numbers and letters
26
commas
separate numbers only
27
2 or more substituents present in molecule
Number in a way so that the substituent that occurs first gets the lowest number
28
What do di-, tri-, tetra-, penta-, and hexa- denote?
they denote the number of a certain type of substituent (substituent is the same in the different areas its found in) in a molecule
29
2 or more different substituents present in molecule
1. List in alphabetical order
2. Number the chain in a way that gives the lowest carbon number to the 1st substituent encountered
30
what happens if both different substituents are encountered at the same time?
Go alphabetically then
31
Di-, tri-, tetra-, penta-, hexa-
not included in alphabetizing when it comes to the 2 or more different substituents situation
32
2 or more main chains have the same length
Choose the main chain with more substituents
33
Cycloalkanes
alkane joined in a ring
34
Cyclopropane
triangle-like structure, 3-carbon
35
Cyclobutane
square-like structure, 4-carbon
36
Cyclopentane
pentagon-like structure, 5-carbon
37
Cycloalkanes with 1 substituent
no carbon number in front of substituent name e.g. methylcyclopentane
38
Cycloalkanes with 2 substitiuents
1. number the carbons to where you get to the substituents in the lowest possible number of carbons but do this alphabetically
e.g. if you have an ethyl and a methyl substituent, then start numbering at the ethyl since E is first in the alphabet, but make sure to number so that you get to the methyl group through the shortest path of carbons
39
Cycloalkanes with 3 substituents
1. Number substituents so that the sum of the numbers is the lowest possible
2. List the substituents in alphabetical order
40
Alcohol suffix
-ol
41
Alkyne suffix
-yne
42
Alkene suffix
-ene
43
Alkyl halide
The halogen of an alkyl halide is treated as a substituent on an alkane chain. Listed alphabetically since different substituent
e.g. chloro-, fluro-, bromo-, iodo-, etc (Replace the-ine with an o)
44
Alkene + Alcohol
Alcohol has priority-->-ol is used; carbon number of where the double bond starts followed by the prefix "en-",
45
Alkenes + Alkyl Halides
Alkyl halide will be a prefix; alkene will take priority (-ene)
46
Alkyne +Alkyl Halides
Alkyne takes priority, halide will be prefix
47
Alkynes + Alcohols
Alcohol takes priority (end with -ol); carbon number of where triple bond start followed by -yn will be prefix.
