Nomenclature

Question 1

of carbons in the main chain prefixes

Answer 1

meth, eth, prop, but, pent, hex, hept, oct, non, dec

Question 2

meth-

Answer 2

1 carbon

Question 3

eth-

Answer 3

2 carbons

Question 4

prop-

Answer 4

3 carbons

Question 5

but-

Answer 5

four carbons

Question 6

pent-

Answer 6

5 carbons

Question 7

hex-

Answer 7

6 carbons

Question 8

hept-

Answer 8

seven carbons

Question 9

oct-

Answer 9

8 carbons

Question 10

non-

Answer 10

9 carbons

Question 11

dec-

Answer 11

10 carbons

Question 12

Naming an unbranched alkane

Answer 12

of Carbons prefix + ane

Question 13

-Ane

Answer 13

refers to alkane

Question 14

Naming a branched alkane

Answer 14

1. Find the longest continuous chain
2. Number each substituent so that the substituent has lowest carbon number
3. Find the carbon that the substituent goes off of
4. Put carbon number substituent goes off of + substituent + root name together

Question 15

Substituent

Answer 15

attached to main chain, branch

Question 16

Common substituent names

Answer 16

methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, secbutyl, tertbutyl

Question 17

Methyl

Answer 17

CH3

Question 18

Ethyl

Answer 18

CH2CH3

Question 19

Propyl

Answer 19

CH2CH2CH3

Question 20

Butyl

Answer 20

CH2CH2CH2CH3

Question 21

Isopropyl

Answer 21

looks like fork or antibody structure

Question 22

Isobutyl

Answer 22

has CH2 before going into antibody structure

Question 23

tert-butyl

Answer 23

looks like a chicken stick claw

Question 24

sec-butyl

Answer 24

looks like an antibody attached to an antigen on one end

Question 25

Dashes

Answer 25

separate numbers and letters

Question 26

commas

Answer 26

separate numbers only

Question 27

2 or more substituents present in molecule

Answer 27

Number in a way so that the substituent that occurs first gets the lowest number

Question 28

What do di-, tri-, tetra-, penta-, and hexa- denote?

Answer 28

they denote the number of a certain type of substituent (substituent is the same in the different areas its found in) in a molecule

Question 29

2 or more different substituents present in molecule

Answer 29

1. List in alphabetical order
2. Number the chain in a way that gives the lowest carbon number to the 1st substituent encountered

Question 30

what happens if both different substituents are encountered at the same time?

Answer 30

Go alphabetically then

Question 31

Di-, tri-, tetra-, penta-, hexa-

Answer 31

not included in alphabetizing when it comes to the 2 or more different substituents situation

Question 32

2 or more main chains have the same length

Answer 32

Choose the main chain with more substituents

Question 33

Cycloalkanes

Answer 33

alkane joined in a ring

Question 34

Cyclopropane

Answer 34

triangle-like structure, 3-carbon

Question 35

Cyclobutane

Answer 35

square-like structure, 4-carbon

Question 36

Cyclopentane

Answer 36

pentagon-like structure, 5-carbon

Question 37

Cycloalkanes with 1 substituent

Answer 37

no carbon number in front of substituent name e.g. methylcyclopentane

Question 38

Cycloalkanes with 2 substitiuents

Answer 38

1. number the carbons to where you get to the substituents in the lowest possible number of carbons but do this alphabetically
   e.g. if you have an ethyl and a methyl substituent, then start numbering at the ethyl since E is first in the alphabet, but make sure to number so that you get to the methyl group through the shortest path of carbons

Question 39

Cycloalkanes with 3 substituents

Answer 39

1. Number substituents so that the sum of the numbers is the lowest possible
2. List the substituents in alphabetical order

Question 40

Alcohol suffix

Answer 40

-ol

Question 41

Alkyne suffix

Answer 41

-yne

Question 42

Alkene suffix

Answer 42

-ene

Question 43

Alkyl halide

Answer 43

The halogen of an alkyl halide is treated as a substituent on an alkane chain. Listed alphabetically since different substituent
e.g. chloro-, fluro-, bromo-, iodo-, etc (Replace the-ine with an o)

Question 44

Alkene + Alcohol

Answer 44

Alcohol has priority–>-ol is used; carbon number of where the double bond starts followed by the prefix “en-“,

Question 45

Alkenes + Alkyl Halides

Answer 45

Alkyl halide will be a prefix; alkene will take priority (-ene)

Question 46

Alkyne +Alkyl Halides

Answer 46

Alkyne takes priority, halide will be prefix

Question 47

Alkynes + Alcohols

Answer 47

Alcohol takes priority (end with -ol); carbon number of where triple bond start followed by -yn will be prefix.