Nomenclature - Organic(6)

Question 1

Define homologous series (1)

Answer 1

1. Family of compounds with the same functional group and similar chemical/physical properties that show a gradation from one to the next

Question 2

Define Functional group (1)

Answer 2

1. Atom or group of atom that give a compound predictable chemical properties

Question 3

Explain the different types of structural isomerism (3)

Answer 3

1. Chain - different Carbon chains
2. Position - same functional group attached at different positions
3. Stereoisomerism/ geometric isomers - same molecular and structural formula, difference in cis-trans face of groups

Question 4

What are the conditions for geometric isomerism? (2)

Answer 4

1. Restricted rotation i.e. around c=c double bond

2. Two different groups on each carbon in the C=C double bond

Question 5

How to use E-Z notation (3)

Answer 5

1. E refers to ‘trans’ so the two different groups are on opposite sides
2. Z refers to ‘cis’ so the two different groups are on the same side
3. When there are more than two different groups in total over the C=C bond, use priority rules: atom with the highest atomic number takes priority