Non-Accidental Injury Flashcards
What % of fractures in children <1 y/o are due to non-accidental injury?
1 - 5%
2 - 25%
3 - 50%
4 - 75%
3 - 50%
- 2nd most common cause of death in children
90% of fractures are due to abuse in children under what age?
1 - <1 y/o
2 - <5 y/o
3 - <10 y/o
4 - <15 y/o
2 - <5 y/o
- if underreported there is a 30-50% change of further abuse
- 5-10% change of death from abuse
Is abuse in children only physical?
- no
Can be:
- physical
- sexual
- psychological
- emotional
- verbal
- financial
- encompasses coercive control.
Excessive crying in infants (<4 months) is most likely to be a sign of what?
1 - hungry baby
2 - excessive shaking
3 - mardy baby
4 - sick baby
2 - excessive shaking
- all are possible though
Excessive crying in 0-4 months has a higher risk of non-accidental harm
In the image below, which bruising pattern would make yo suspect a non-accidental injury over an accidental injury?
red = non-accidental injury
green = accidental injury?
When looking at bruises on a child, which of the following is least important?
1 - shape of bruises (hand marks)
2 - pattern of bruises (non-boney locations or face/ears)
3 - multiple or cluster of bruises
4 - age of bruises
5 - colour of bruises
6 - bruises in children who cannot mobilise
5 - colour of bruises
- all the others are more important
In addition to bruises, which of the following should we be concerned about?
1 - human like bite marks
2 - thermal injuries
3 - lacerations/abrasions
4 - fractures
5 - intracranial injuries
6 - all of the above
6 - all of the above
What is the name the the categories used to identify the type of fracture at the growth plates in a child?
1 - modified glasgow scale
2 - salter-harris scale
3 - CURB scale
4 - WELLS scale
2 - salter-harris scale
What is a torus fracture in paediatrics?
1 - involves only one cortex of bone
2 - involves both cortices but one is still intact
3 - bone bends and is deformed like a plastic bone
1 - involves only one cortex of bone
- cortex refers to the hard outer layer of bones
What is a greenstick fracture in paediatrics?
1 - involves only one cortex of bone
2 - involves both cortices but one is still intact
3 - bone bends and is deformed like a plastic bone
2 - involves both cortices but one is still intact
What is a plastic deformation fracture in paediatrics?
1 - involves only one cortex of bone
2 - involves both cortices but one is still intact
3 - bone bends and is deformed like a plastic bone
3 - bone bends and is deformed like a plastic bone
All of the following fractures can occur through non-accidental injury, but which is the most common?
1 - humerus
2 - tibia
3 - femur
4 - ribs
1 - humerus
If we suspect a safeguasrding issue, who should we get involved in the care and management of a child?
1 - senior nurse on department
2 - crash team
3 - pediatric and safeguarding team
4 - consultant on call
3 - pediatric and safeguarding team
Are upper of lower limb fractures more common?
- upper limbs
- distal radius and ulna are most common
What are 2 of the most common causes of upper limb injury from the list below:
1 - fall on outstretched hand (FOOSH)
2 - impact trauma
3 - direct injury (punch)
4 - infection
1 - fall on outstretched hand (FOOSH)
3 - direct injury (punch)
In children who may present with regular bruising, hearing loss and a history of multiple fractures that is not due to a non-accidental injury, which 2 of the following differentials are most likely?
1 - osteoperosis
2 - coagulopathy disorder
3 - rickets disease
4 - osteogenesis Imperfecta
2 - coagulopathy disorder
- accounts for easy bruising
4 - osteogenesis Imperfecta
- genetic disorder causing hearing loss and multiple fractures
