Non Cardiac Conditions Andtge ECG Flashcards
(21 cards)
What does QTc stand for?
QT ‘corrected’ based on heart rate
How is QTc calculated?
QT divided by the square root of RR interval
What are the normal QTc values for males and females?
Males <440ms and females <460ms
What condition is associated with raised intracranial pressure?
Cerebral Haemorrhage
What ECG changes are associated with cerebral haemorrhage?
- Bradycardia
- ‘Cerebral T Waves’
- Prolonged QT Interval
What are the key ECG features of pulmonary embolism?
- Sinus tachycardia
- Right ventricular strain pattern
- S1,Q3,T3 pattern
- Complete or incomplete RBBB
- Right axis deviation
- Non specific ST segment and T wave changes
How can you differentiate between ACS and PE on an ECG?
ACS is rarely associated with tachycardia; T wave inversion in lead III and V1 is observed in 1% of ACS patients but 88% of PE patients
What is the definition of hypothermia?
Core body temperature of <35 degrees centigrade
What ECG changes are seen in moderate/severe hypothermia?
- Bradyarrhythmias
- Osbourne Waves
- Prolonged PR, QRS, and QT intervals
- Shivering Artefact
- Ventricular Ectopics
What is hyperkalaemia?
Condition of having too much potassium in the blood
What serum potassium level defines hyperkalaemia?
Serum potassium level of > 5.2mmol/L
What are the ECG changes associated with hyperkalaemia?
- Peaked T Waves
- P Wave widening/flattening
- Bradyarrhythmias
- Bundle Branch Blocks
- QRS widening with bizarre morphology
What is hypokalaemia?
Condition of having low potassium levels in the blood
What ECG changes are associated with hypokalaemia?
- Increased P wave amplitude
- Prolongation of PR interval
- Widespread ST depression and T wave flattening/inversion
- Prominent U Waves
- Prolonged QT interval due to U wave
What are the potential arrhythmias in profound hypokalaemia?
- Atrial Fibrillation (AF)
- Atrial Flutter
- Ventricular Tachycardia (VT)
- Ventricular Fibrillation (VF)
- Torsades de Pointes
What ECG changes are associated with hypomagnesaemia?
Increases PR and QTc
What changes does hypermagnesemia cause on an ECG?
- Increases PR and QTc
- Prolonged QRS
What ECG changes are associated with hypocalcaemia?
Increases QTc
What ECG changes are associated with hypercalcaemia?
Shortening QTc and Osborn Waves
What effect does hyponatraemia have on the ECG?
No effect
What effect does hypernatremia have on the ECG?
No effect
