Non Communicable Diseases Flashcards
How does Coronary heart disease occur
When the coronary arteries become narrowed by the build up of layers of fatty material within them.
What does coronary heart disease reduce and result in
Reduces the flow of blood resulting in less oxygen for the heart muscle, which can lead to heart attacks.
Diet (obesity) and lack of exercise
Type 2 diabetes
Cardiovascular diseases
Alcohol
Impaired liver function
Impaired brain function
Affected development in unborn babies
Smoking
Lung disease and cancers
Affected development of unborn babies
Stent
Inserted into blocked coronary arteries to keep them open
Stent advantages
Widens the artery- allows more blood to flow, so more oxygen is supplied into the heart
Less serious surgery
Stent disadvantages
Can in ole major surgery- risk of infection, blood loss, blood clots, and damage to blood vessels
Risks from anaesthetic used during surgery
Statins
Drugs that reduce blood cholesterol levels, slowing down the deposit of fatty material in the arteries
Statins advantages
Effective
No need for surgery
Can prevent CHD from developing
Statins disadvantages
Possible side effects such as muscle pain, headaches and sickness
Cannot cure CHD, so patient will have to take tablets for many years
Replace faulty heart valves
Heart valves that leak or do not open fully, preventing control of blood flow through the heart, can be replaced with biological or mechanical valves.
Replacing faulty heart valves advantages
Allows control of blood flow through the heart
Long term cure faulty heart valves
Replacing faulty heart valves disadvantages
Can involve major surgery- risk of infection, blood loss, blood clots and damage to blood vessels
Risks from anaesthetic used during surgery
Transplants
If the heart fails a donor heart, or heart and lungs can be transplanted
Artificial hearts can be used to keep patients alive whilst waiting for a heart transplant, or to allow the heart to rest during recovery.
