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Nutrition Final: B > Non-infectious abortions > Flashcards

Non-infectious abortions Flashcards

(49 cards)

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1
Q

What is the goal of nutrition?

A

Better repro performance

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2
Q

Terminology: differences between abortion, embryonic death and still birth

A

Abortion: termination of pregnancy AFTER organogenesis but BEFORE expelled fetus could sruvive. Includes stillbirth, mummification, weak/deformed neonates.

Embryonic death: End of gestation BEFORE organogenesis

Still birth: death of full-term fetus, lungs are not inflated

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3
Q

Possible causes of abortion

A

Death of embryo

Contractions of uterus

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4
Q

Possible causes of embryonal mortality

A

Cancerogenic and teratogenic

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5
Q

Factors in question now regarding nidation

A

Uterine fluid pH and composition

Protein overfeeding

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6
Q

What are the 12 causes of non-infectious abortions

A
  1. PGE2 surge before abortion
  2. Spontaneous/habitual- stress induced
  3. Def in nutrients, vits or minerals
  4. Technological pollutants
  5. Industrial pollutants
  6. Mycotoxins
  7. Synergestic reactoins
  8. Immune incompetence
  9. Allergies
  10. COX system- arachidonic metab
  11. Amoeba, parasites, algae
  12. Cyanotoxins
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7
Q

PGE3 surge before abortion (5)

A

Stress/ social stress

Lack of nutriens, vits and minerals

Pollution

Allergy/immune

Toxic effects of microbes and algae

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8
Q

What are the pollutants causing the PGE2 surge before abortion? (6)

A

Phytotoxins

Mycotoxins

Heavy metals

Pesticides

Nitrate- nitrites

Thyreostatics

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9
Q

Spontaneous (habitual) abortion- stress factors (4)

A

Social stress- Calhouns rats- behavioural sink caused by overpopulation

Bruce-barton- phermones– mice and rats

Environment- heat, humidity, noisy flooring etc

Transport

Hierarchy-esp in sows and cows

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10
Q

Nutrient, vits or min deficiency (7)

A

Energy

Protein

Iodine

Vit K

Folic acid

Biotin

Vit A- this can be OD or def

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11
Q

E def

A

No fertilization and is abortive only in goats

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12
Q

Protein def

A

No fert

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13
Q

Iosine def

A

Caused by thyreostatic compounds in cruciferous plants

Nitrates nitrites in the drinking water

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14
Q

Vit K

A

Pregnant/ lactating rabbit

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15
Q

Folic acid

A

Hu!!

Spina bifida

Premature

Abortion

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16
Q

Biotin

A

Mice

Teratogenic

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17
Q

Vit A

A

Sows- OD or def

Congenital anomalies

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18
Q

Plants that cause nutrient def (5)

A

Meadow plants:

  1. Antinutritive compounds
  2. toxins
  3. Nitrates, nitrites

Locoweed: phytoestrogens

Poison hemlock, tobacco and juniper contain piperidines

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19
Q

Technological pollutants (3)

A
  1. Cresol
  2. Dicoumarol
  3. CO
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20
Q

Cresol

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A

Spray used for mange and louse

21
Q

Dicoumarol

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A

Is rat poison

Animals can even become infected when they consume the carcass of the dead rat

22
Q

CO

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A

Faulty propane heaters

Stillbirth

Autolysed full term

The fetal membranes will be a cherry red colour

23
Q

Inustrial pollutants (6)

Study These Flashcards
A

Carbon tetrachloride

Trichloroethylene

Benzene

Polychlorinated and bromidated biphenyls (PCB’s and PBB’s) are estrogen, dioxin and phenobarb like

Heavy metals- Hg and Pb

Pesticides and fungicides

24
Q

PCB’s and PBB’s what do the cause and where can they be found

Study These Flashcards
A

they are estrogen, dioxin and phenobarb like

Chromosome leakage– abortion

In mive cause hydronephrosis of fetus

Found in: cooking oil, oil cakes and fishmeal- this one causes fatigue

25
Mycotoxins (4)
Ergotism Zearlenon F2 Fumonisins Trichothecenes: T2, DON, DAS \*ZEFT\*\*
26
Ergotism
Clviceps purpurea (sclerotia) in hay and grain Ergot alkaloids have severe oxytocic effect In pregnant sows: lack of udder development, agalactia at partution and smaller piglets
27
Zearalenon F2
MOA: has estrogen like effect- binds to 17beta estradiol receptors on DNA * Vulvovaginitis * Estrogen syndrome in newborns * Abortion (rare)
28
Fumonisims (sows)
Acute pum edema and hydrothorax Sows recover but usually abort 2-3 days later
29
Trichothecenes- what are the 3 main toxins
T2 DON= vomitoxon DAS= Stachybotyrotoxicosis
30
What are the effects of Trichothecenes
Immunosupp Inhibit P4 production by the CL Seizures
31
DAS= stachybotriotoxicosis
Abortion by toxins (macrocyclic trichothecene)- produced by fusarium sp
32
Syngergism
Nitrate and nitrite- in the drinking water PCB's Mycotoxins Aflatoxin B1 and Cyclopramide: affects the liver-local necrotic spots or severe cancer
33
Immune incompetence (5)
1. Blocking of maternal AB's 2. The anti-inflamm properties of P4 are blocked 3. HLA= histocompatibility locus antigen blocking- inbreeding effect 4. Phyto and mycotoxins are pollutants that modulate and compromise the immune response 5. EPF (early pregnancy factor)- in serum 45hrs after fert and has immunosupp effect
34
When is there a decr in EPF
Before: 1. Spont abortion 2. Early partuition 3. Stillbirth (sow)
35
Allergic reactions, what is the anaphylactoid reaction mediated by and what are the causes
Mediated by prost metab and omega 3 intake Barley, rye and rice flour Alfalfa meal and soybean Cereals- gluten Proteins- gliadin
36
Allergic reactions- what do the barley, rye and rice flour contain?
Alpha amylase inhibs and germ agglutinin They inhale the flour dust- symptoms are similar to Bakers asthma
37
What does the alfalfa meal and soybean contain
Lectins
38
COX
Arachidonic acid metab Relative P4 insufficiency Allergic reaction Can prevent abortion via NSAIDs (e.g salicylate) that block the COX mechanism
39
Amoeba, parasites, algae
Legionella type model Global warming
40
Legionella type model
In sus house the air and watering systems acc fungi, algae, protozoa, bact LLAP= legionella like amoebic pathogens- are natural inhabitants of water These amoeba pathogens have greater resist to e.g disinfectants
41
Global warming
During summer- heating of the water tanks- they then act as incubators Corrosion products may promote bact growth Water chlorination via Na hypochlorite is used to decompose toxins BUT may cause algae to release toxins and produce trihalomethane
42
Cyanotoxins- 40 species!!! (4)
Microcysteins Cyclindrospermopsin Anatoxin A Saxitoxins
43
When/ where can cyanotoxins be found
Algal blooms- acc of the toxins Plumbing systems Fish meals
44
Microcystins
cyclipeptides consisting of 7 aa's HEPATOtoxic (and abortive)
45
Cyclindrospermopsin
Tricyclic alkaloid Toxic to cells, liver and genes
46
Anatoxin A
Bicyclic secondary amine mimic Ach and so binds to Ach receptors potent neurotoxin
47
Saxitoxins
Carbamate alkaloids Neurotoxins
48
Some causes of infectious abortions (SUS)
PRRS Parvo Pseudorabies Classical and African swine fever FMD Lepto
49

Nutrition Final: B (27 decks)

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