Non-Melanocytic Tumours Flashcards
(51 cards)
what is Benign seborrheic keratosis
a benign warty spot that appears during adult life as a common sign of skin ageing
(basal cell papilloma)
Benign seborrheic keratosis appearance
stuck on and greasy hyperkeratotic surface (basal cell papilloma)
Benign seborrheic keratosis histology
- benign proliferation of epidermal keratinocytes
- keratin filled HORN CYSTS and ACANTHOSIS
what can the sudden emergence of lots of Benign seborrheic keratosis lesions indicate
- The sudden emergency of many lesions may indicate internal malignancy – Leser-Trélat sign
- Often occurs with malignant acanthosis nigricans when there is underlying adenocarcinoma of the stomach
BCC clinical presentation
- Slow growing lump which may go on to form a non-healing ulcer (centrally – rodent ulcer).
- Pearly/translucent edge with visible dilated blood vessels.
- painless and often ignored
*
BCC describe central ulceration
rodent ulcer
superficial variant of BCC
- Most common type in younger adults
- More common on upper arms and shoulders
morphoeic variant of BCC
- A flat, diffuse superficial form exists as an ill-defined morphoeic variant – infiltrative (greater degree of morbidity)
- These are often found on mid facial sites
- Waxy scar-like plaque with indistinct borders
BCC where/who
sun exposed skin of middle aged and elderly white people
rarely found on ear
BCC histology
basal cells sprout from epidermis, groups of cells invade the dermis
desmoplastic stroma
there is characteristic PALISADING
BCC treatment
normally cured by total excision
BCC effect of delay in treatment
less important as invade locally but do not spread widely - metastases are rare
BCC what mutation is associated
PTCH1 - component of the hedgehog signalling pathway
what does the hedgehog signalling pathway do
activate transcription factors leading to induction of cell proliferation genes and angiogenesis activators
what blocks hedgehog signalling
vismodegib
what is naevoid BCC also known as
gorlins syndrome
gorlins syndrome inheritance
Au D
gorlins syndrome features
multiple early onset basal cell skin cancers and other cancers
palmar pits, jaw cysts and ectopic
what is butterfly disease caused by
genetic defects in the genes that encode for type VII collagen
another name for butterfly disease
Recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa
name two precursors to SCC
acitinic keratosis and bowen disease
acitinic keratosis
Frequently develop later in life in white-skinned people who have had significant sun exposure.
They appear on the skin as erythematous silver-scaly plaques or patches with a conical surface and a red base.
The background skin is often inelastic, wrinkled and may show flat brown macules (solar lentigos) reflecting diffuse solar damage.
a small proportion may transform into SCC, but only after many years
bowen disease
intra-epidermal carcinoma in situ (no dermal invasion), which can rarely become invasive
thought to be due to long term sun exposure, presents on exposed skin (most commonly womens legs)
epidermal neoplastic lesions that cannot yet invade the underlying tissues
bowens disease features
erythematous scaly patches/plaques with an irregular border
can mimic inflammatory conditions
lesions do not clear but slowly increase in size with time
