Non-state actors

Question 1

Define NSA

Answer 1

Organisations that have sufficient power to have political influence, but transcend state boundaries as they do not belong to one state

Question 2

What are the general aims of NSAs?

Answer 2

All seek political change or pursue political objectives. Increased due to globalisation (interconnection od people and states with free trade)

Question 3

What is a legal organisation?

Answer 3

A not-for-profit entity that operates independently from governments, to address social or political issues. E.g Amnesty International.

Question 4

How do NSAs have power?

Answer 4

Effect public opinion, and can collectively lobby and influence governments and international organisations.

Question 5

How do NSAs challenge state sovereignty?

Answer 5

Threat of global terrorist movements challenge traditional ideas of sovereignty
- pursue own agenda rather than sate agenda

Question 6

What are the aims of AI?

Answer 6

1. Uphold internationally recognised human rights for all
2. Fight abuses of human rights

Question 7

What are the roles of AI?

Answer 7

1. Uncover the truth and hold human rights violators to account.
2. Campaign against human rights abuses worldwide

Question 8

How is the power of AI strong?

Answer 8

Can demand action from governments. Is not limited by governments and can call for action from organisations and individuals
141 countries have stopped using the death penalty, last in 2022 for kazhakstan.

Question 9

How is the power of AI limited?

Answer 9

Can only call for action - cannot actually force action from governments
While many people can get involved, changed may not be made
FEB 2024 a group of 40 asylum seekers landed by boat in Australia. AI has criticised Australia for offshore detention centres. Australia does not listen

Question 10

What is a global terrorist movement?

Answer 10

NSA that engage in politically motivated violence to achieve aims.
Terrorism - threat or actual use of violence to achieve political objectives

Question 11

What are the aims of the Islamic state (IS)?

Answer 11

1. Establish Islamic Caliphate
2. Sunni Muslims to swear allegiance to leader, migrate to areas under control
3. Destroy anyone who opposes their interpretation of the Quaran
4. Western civilisations are targets due to intervention of aims

Question 12

What are the roles of IS?

Answer 12

1. Divide the world between believers and non-believers
2. Have Muslims live under Islamic law

Question 13

How does IS have power (attacks)?

Answer 13

Main power through instilling fear. Paris 2015, mass shootings in Paris to gain attention of Sunni Muslims and spread world-wide violence. Caused Paris to enter 3 days of national mourning, and Paris president dedicated $850 million to counter-terrorism

Question 14

How does IS have power (control)?

Answer 14

In 2015, IS controlled territory with 10mil people within it in Iraw and Syria
2014, Captured 1/3rd of land in Syria and 40% of Iraq
Has strong media presence due to globalisation, alterting others to their cause

Question 15

How is IS limited in power?

Answer 15

Numbers - IS numbers fell from 30,000 in 2016 to around 10,000 in 2020.
Territory - 2017, forced out of Iraq
Due to US operations in 2019, IS was forced out of their last territory in Syria.

Question 16

How does IS challenge state sovereignty?

Answer 16

Caused changes to national agenda. Paris attacks in 2015 caused $850mil in counter-terrorism spending
Small-scale attacks in Australia 2015 passed laws to apply control orders to 14 year olds (from 16) after child shot police

IS has ability to pursue national agenda and threaten sovereignty of states through fear and violence, ruling areas of Syria and Iraq.