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Community And Public Health > Noncommunicable Diseases > Flashcards

Noncommunicable Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

Chronic conditions that do not result from an acute infectious process

A

Noncommunicable diseases

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2
Q

Disease that has a prolonged course and complete cure is rarely achieved

A

Noncommunicable disease

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3
Q

Characteristics of NCDs (CMLNPF)

A 
Complex etiology
Multiple risk factors
Long latency period
Non contagious
Prolonged course of disease
Functional impairment
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4
Q

Aspect of personal behavior or lifestyle, an environmental exposure, or a hereditary characteristic that is associated with an increase in the occurrence of a particular disease or injury

A

Risk factor

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5
Q

A behavioral risk factor that can be reduced or controlled

A

Modifiable risk factor

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6
Q

Give examples of modifiable risk factors

A

Physical inactivity
Tobacco use
Alcohol intake
Unhealthy diet

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7
Q

Risk factor that cannot be reduced

A

Nonmodifiable risk factor

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8
Q

Examples of nonmodifiable risk factor

A

Age
Race
Sex
Family history

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9
Q

Caused by narrowed, blocked or stiffened blood vessels

A

Cardiovascular disease

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10
Q

Disease of the blood vessels supplying the heart muscle

A

Coronary heart disease

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11
Q

Disease of the blood vessels supplying the brain

A

Cerebrovascular disease

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12
Q

Disease of blood vessels supplying the arms and legs

A

Peripheral arterial disease

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13
Q

Malformation of heart structure existing at birth

A

Congenital heart disease

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14
Q

Formation of plaques in blood vessels

A

Atherosclerosis

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15
Q

1 cause of death globally

A

Cardiovascular disease

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16
Q

CVD is _____ out of ____ leading cause of death in the US

A

2, 3

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17
Q

Over ____% CVD deaths occur in middle to low income countries

A

80

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18
Q

By 2030, almost ___M people will die of CVD

A

25

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19
Q

Disease that arises when the pancreas does not produce enough insulin of when body cannot effectively use the insulin produced

A

Diabetes

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20
Q

Hormone made by the pancreas that helps cells to take in glucose

A

Insulin

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21
Q

AKA as pre diabete

A

Impaired glucose tolerance

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22
Q

Insulin dependent diabetes

A

Type I

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23
Q

Non insulin dependent

A

Type II diabete

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24
Q

Diabetes caused by modifiable risk factors

A

type II

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25
Q

Test used for detection of diabetes

A

Fasting blood glucose

26
Q

Confirmatory test for diabetes

A

HbA1c

27
Q

Reference values for HbA1c test

Diabetes?
Prediabetes?
Normal?

A

6.5% above
5.7-6.4%
Below 5.7%

28
Q

Reference values for FBS

Diabetes?
Prediabetes?
Normal?

A

Above 126 mg/dL
100-125 mg/dL
99 mg/dL below

29
Q

Glucose tolerance test reference range

Diabetes?
Prediabetes?
Normal?

A

200 mg/dL
140-199 mg/dL
140 below

30
Q

How many people worldwide have diabetes mellitus?

A

347 Million

31
Q

Projected increase of people who have dm between 2008 and 2030

A

2/3

32
Q

Rapid creation of abnormal cells

A

Cancer

33
Q

How many people died from cancer in 2008

A

7.6 M

34
Q

How many % of people from low and middle income countries died from cancer

A

70%

35
Q

Estimated cancer deaths by 2030

A

13.1 M

36
Q

___% of cancers are attributable to modifiable behavior risk factors

A

30

37
Q

1 cause of cancer mortality

Leading cause of cancer death globally with 1.37 M deaths in 2008

A

Lung cancer

38
Q

Most common risk factor for lung cancer

A

Tobacco use

39
Q

Leading cause of cancer death in women (15%)

A

Breast cancer

40
Q

How many women will be diagnosed with breast cancer

A

1/8

41
Q

Help detect early onset of breast cancer

A

Breast examination

42
Q

Breast tissue density is checked for tumors

A

Mammogram

43
Q

__% of breast cancer occur in women with no risk factors

A

70

44
Q

__% of Bcancers are inherited while__% are the first in their families

A

5, 80

45
Q

__ out of ___ filipino women will develop breast cancer

A

1, 3

46
Q

Highest incidence rate of breast cancer in ph

A

Pampanga

47
Q

T/F: PH has the highest incidence rate of cancer in asia

A

True

48
Q

Cancer of female reproductive system

A

Cervical cancer

49
Q

2nd most common cancer among men

A

Prostate cancer

50
Q

Risk factors for prostate cancer (AROW)

A

Age
Race
Obesity
Weight gain

51
Q

3rd most common type of cancer

A

Colorectal cancer

52
Q

Colorectal cancer starts as small clumps of cells called

A

Polyps

53
Q

Used to detect colorectal cancer

A

Colonoscopy

54
Q

Likelihood of getting colorectal cancer before 75

A

1 out of 100

55
Q

__% of deaths from chronic respiratory diseases occur in low income countries

A

90

56
Q

Includes diseases characterized by a persistent blockage of airflow/prevent proper lung airflow

A

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

57
Q

___ million people have moderate-severe COPD

A

65

58
Q

Common chronic respiratory diseases characterized by breathlessness and wheezing where individual struggles to intake air because of constricted airways

A

Asthma

59
Q

How many million people are affected with asthma

A

235 million

60
Q

1 chronic disease among children

A

Asthma

61
Q

How many percent of asthma deaths occur in low income countries

A

80%

Community And Public Health (3 decks)

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