Nonlinear Systems

Question 1

What is the definition of a system?

Answer 1

A set of parts that are interconnected in effecting some joint outcome
Examples: Farm. Bike

Question 2

System’s constituents

Answer 2

A set of elements and relations

Question 3

2 fundamental types of system

Answer 3

Linear and Nonlinear

Question 4

Linear system

Answer 4

Adheres to superpostion principals

Question 5

What are the 2 superposition principals, and what do they outline?

Answer 5

Homogeneity: The output to a linear system is always proportional to the input
Additivity: We can add the effects of 2 system together and the result is a simple combination

Question 6

Linear systems are called so because the results plotted on a graph results in what?

Answer 6

A staright line

Question 7

Linear models do not accounts for systems where _______ are the main definer. What is an example of this?

Answer 7

relations

2 medicines that interact with each other

Question 8

Linear models do not account for _____, as it takes no external feedback on how the action effects the environment

Answer 8

scale

Question 9

We are just beginning to approach ________ _______

Answer 9

Nonlinear systems

Question 10

_______ _______ do not adhere to the superposition principals

Answer 10

Nonlinear systems

Question 11

Why does the Additivity Principal break down in nonlinear systems? What are some examples?

Answer 11

How we put things together matters.

Putting 2 creatures together get different interactions

Question 12

Why does the Homogeneity Principal break down in nonlinear systems? What are some examples?

Answer 12

Fails to account if the outcome of the current state on the system would affect future states. IE Fails to account for feedback loops

Question 13

Linear systems implies the possibility of _________ progress

Answer 13

continuous

Question 14

What are 2 types of relations that result in non-additive combinations?

Answer 14

Synergies and Interference

Question 15

Synergies

Answer 15

A positive interaction between 2 elements. Multiplying rather than adding an elements potentials

Question 16

To achieve synergy

Answer 16

each elemtn must be differentiated and synchronised. Components must become different in respects to with each other

Question 17

Interference

Answer 17

A combined system that is less than the sum of it’s components

Question 18

Interfernece occurs

Answer 18

when there is a decisive lack of difeerence. results in competiion and crowding out. Like rush hour

Question 19

Destructive relations

Answer 19

have a lack of feedback, which means componets never sync up

Question 20

linear systems are

Answer 20

independant from inputs and outputs/ time

Question 21

Feedback loop

Answer 21

A channel or pathway formed by an aeffect returning to its cause, causing more of the effect

Question 22

what are 2 types of feedback loops. Define them

Answer 22

Negative: represents a relationship of constraint and balance. If one var changes in one direction, the other changes in the other. ex prices of items
Positive: Increase in one value is associated with increase in another value

Question 23

Equilibrium

Answer 23

A linear system tends towards equilibrium when there is a negative feedback loop

Question 24

And additive, negative feedback loop system has a net result of

Answer 24

zero, which is the systems equilibrium or normal state

Question 25

Exponentials

Answer 25

describes a system in which the output feeds back as input, increasing the amount that is increasing each time, like a snowball effect. The rate of growth itself is growing in nonlinear systems

Question 26

Power laws

Answer 26

Describes functional relationship between 2 quantitiesm, wehre one varies as a power of the other
Example is a cube volume

Question 27

Metcalfe’s Law/networks effect -> key driver of positive feedback

Answer 27

Everytime we add a new computer to a network, we can add links as many as computers there are.