Norfolk

Question 1

What villages does Norfolk include?

Answer 1

Happisburgh, Bacton, Sea Palling and Winterton

Question 2

Population of Happisburgh

Answer 2

1400

Question 3

Population of Bacton

Answer 3

1200

Question 4

Population of Sea Palling

Answer 4

650

Question 5

Population of Winterton-on-Sea

Answer 5

1200

Question 6

How much land was lost between 1600 and 1850?

Answer 6

250m of land

Question 7

Current rates of erosion

Answer 7

2m a year on average

Question 8

What happened in 1953?

Answer 8

Catastrophic flood
53 deaths

Question 9

What is the coast composed of?

Answer 9

Glacial till
Layers of silt, clay and sands

Question 10

Height of cliffs at Happisburgh

Answer 10

6-10m

Question 11

What coastal management was used in the 1950’s?

Answer 11

Hard engineering
- wooden revetments
- groynes
- riprap

Question 12

What happened in 1990?

Answer 12

Storm destroyed 300m of wooden revetment east of Happisburgh
Causing a significant increase in the rate of erosion behind

Question 13

What happened in 1996?

Answer 13

Remaining revetments were damaged by storms
6 cliff-top properties were lost

Question 14

What were the changes in government policy?

Answer 14

Happisburgh was no longer funded by the government

Question 15

What year was the SMP created for Happisburgh?

Answer 15

1996

Question 16

Key stakeholders in SMP6

Answer 16

The Environment Agency
North Norfolk District Council
Local borough councils
Reginal Coastal Groups

Question 17

What did SMP6 cover?

Answer 17

Sub-cell of sediment cell 3

Question 18

What year was SMP6 updated?

Answer 18

2009

Question 19

What must a sustainable plan be? (4)

Answer 19

Technically sound
Environmentally sustainable
Economically justifiable
Socially acceptable

Question 20

Why was the previous traditional approach unsustainable?

Answer 20

Geology of the coast
Sizable fetch and storms of the North Sea
Tidal ranges of 5 metres
Frequent storm surges

Question 21

Social factors

Answer 21

Many people who live there believe their safety and security must be maintained
Some disagree where the sea defences have been located

Question 22

Economic factors

Answer 22

Some sea defences can negatively impact tourism and reduce income in the area
Sea defences are very expensive

Question 23

Environmental factors

Answer 23

Important to help preserve and protect wildlife and natural habitats
Placing a monetary value on biodiversity can be challenging

Question 24

Why is Bacton Gas Terminal important?

Answer 24

National and International importance
Connect the UK to the southern North Sea oilfields and to Europe through a pipeline

Question 25

What is the current policy at Bacton?

Answer 25

Hold the line

Question 26

What is the plan at Bacton?

Answer 26

Maintain 1950's concrete walls Install new riprap Build fresh groynes

Question 27

Negative impacts of coastal management at Bacton

Answer 27

- Trapping sediment starves beaches further down the coast of sediment - Making other coastline more vulnerable to erosion

Question 28

What is the current policy at Happisburgh?

Answer 28

Managed retreat/ coastal realignment

Question 29

Why is Happisburgh different to Bacton?

Answer 29

Happisburgh lies on relatively high relief so flood risk is minimal

Question 30

Who campaigned against coastal management at Happisburgh?

Answer 30

Coastal Resident Group (CRG) Formed of local residents Campaigned to raise funds for coastal defences Unsuccessful- policy of managed retreat is due to remain for duration of SMP

Question 31

Negative impacts of coastal management at Happisburgh

Answer 31

Huge financial losses for locals House prices have plummeted

Question 32

How many properties are due to be lost in the 100-year-lifespan of SMP6?

Answer 32

35 properties Caravan Park Church Coastguard station

Question 33

What coastal management is occurring at Sea Palling?

Answer 33

14km sand-dune ridge

Question 34

What is the current policy at Sea Palling?

Answer 34

Hold the line- in the short and medium term Managed retreat- long term

Question 35

What policy was adopted in Sea Palling in 1996?

Answer 35

Advance the line Building of 9 offshore reefs Initial cost of $16 million Costs £1.5/2 million to defend Sediment deposited behind the reefs cause tombolo effect

Question 36

What was done in Winterton in the 18th century?

Answer 36

Sand dunes were stabilised with marram grass

Question 37

What is Winterton now known as?

Answer 37

Area of Outstanding Beauty Site of Special Scientific Interest Natural Nature Reserve

Question 38

What are the current coastal management plans at Winterton?

Answer 38

No current plans

Question 39

What percentage of the Environment Agency budget is allocated to coastal defences?

Answer 39

5%

Question 40

What do SMP's fail to consider?

Answer 40

Inland areas which are intrinsically linked to the coastal zone

Question 41

What does SMP6 recognise as the biggest variable?

Answer 41

Community impact

Question 42

What is happening to old defences?

Answer 42

Removed to allow the coast to retreat effectively