normal/abnormal A&P

Question 1

muscles of the VP

Answer 1

levator veli palatini-velar elevation “sling”
superior pharyngeal constrictor-constricts pharyngeal walls to narrow vp against
palatopharyngeus-narrow pharynx;elevates/lowers velum
musculus uvulae-bulges for seal on nasal surface
tensor veli palatini-opens E-tubes

Question 2

VP motor innervation

Answer 2

trigeminal (V), facial (VII), glossopharyngeal (IX), vagus (X), Accessory (XI)

Question 3

VP sensory innervation

Answer 3

vagus (X), glossopharyngeal (IX)

Question 4

what are the physiological subsystems for speech?

Answer 4

respiration, phonation, resonation, articulation, prosody

Question 5

physilogy of VP

Answer 5

velum, lateral & posterior pharyngeal wall mvmt, & passavant’s ridge

Question 6

what is passavants ridge?

Answer 6

shelf like ridge of muscle projecting from posterior pharyngeal wall into pharynx

Question 7

VP closure variations for normal speakers

Answer 7

coronal, sagittal, circular, circular w/ passavant’s ridge

Question 8

VP type of activity (used for)

Answer 8

speech, swallow, gag, vomit

Question 9

VP timing

Answer 9

VP must be completely closed before phonation begins

Question 10

VP has greatest force on what 2 phonemes?

Answer 10

fricatives & consonants & coarticulated sounds

Question 11

VP rate & fatigue

Answer 11

inc speech rate & fatigue= dec closure & force

Question 12

factors that affect VP function

Answer 12

lack of m. bulk (levator)
abnormal m. insertion
malposition of repaired m.
scar tissue (velum)
less faucial pillar pressure
short velum
deep pharynx

Question 13

facial bones continue growth into early adulthood T/F

Answer 13

True

Question 14

size of pharynx infancy & adult

Answer 14

infancy>adult=+80% volume

Question 15

VP fxn does not deteriorate as a factor of aging T/F

Answer 15

True

Question 16

what is cleft?

Answer 16

abnormal opening in an anatomical structure that is typically closed
failure to fuse at midline
all structures are present but not fused or developed normally

Question 17

causes of cleft

Answer 17

embryologic under development
-cell migraation delay
-cell disruption
chromosomal disorders
genetic disorders
maternal factors: older age, utero factors, maternal malnutrition
environmental teratogens: cigarette smoke, dilantin, valium

Question 18

classification of clefts

Answer 18

normal and complete
incomplete and bilateral
soft & hard palate cleft
complete & bilateral palatal cleft

Question 19

primary palate

Answer 19

lip and alveolus

complete and incomplete

Question 20

secondary palate

Answer 20

hard palate and velum

with or without cleft lip

Question 21

types of submucous cleft palate

Answer 21

overt & occult

Question 22

overt

Answer 22

ID thru intraoral exam

bifid uvula; zona pellucida; posterior hard palate notch

Question 23

occult

Answer 23

hidden on nasal surface via nasoendoscopy

Question 24

types of facial clefts

Answer 24

oblique and midline

Question 25

oblique

Answer 25

unilateral or bilateral; affects skeletal and soft tissue; begins at mouth>lateral, horizontal, upward (extreme disfigurement)

Question 26

midline

Answer 26

mild, cause cranial base anomalies, is associated with other midline anomalies

Question 27

cranial base anomalies

Answer 27

encephalocele and absent corpus callosum

Question 28

other midline anomalies

Answer 28

bifid nose, frontonasal dysplasia, hypertelorism, holoprosencephaly