Normal Anatomy

Question 1

the scrotum contains

Answer 1

the testes and parts of the spermatic cord

Question 2

the testes are the

Answer 2

site of the sperm production

Question 3

testes form the essential

Answer 3

component of the male reproductive system

Question 4

sperm leaves the

Answer 4

testes via the epididymis

Question 5

sperm then drains into the

Answer 5

ductus deferens (vas deferens)

Question 6

vas deferens

Answer 6

thick-walled tube in the male reproductive system that transports sperm cells from the epididymis, where the sperm are stored prior to ejaculation

Question 7

the epididymis and lower portions of the ductus deferens are located

Answer 7

within the scrotum

Question 8

the ductus deferens is joined by

Answer 8

blood vessels supplying the testes, creating the contents of spermatic cord

Question 9

testis are paired

Answer 9

symmetric

Question 10

what resides in the scrotum

Answer 10

7 oval-shaped glands

Question 11

the function of the testis is to

Answer 11

• produce sperm
• produce and discharge hormones, primarily testosterone

Question 12

adults testis measures

Answer 12

3-5x2-4x3 cm

Question 13

the testicle is surrounded by a

Answer 13

fibrous capsule, tunica albuginea-inner

Question 14

the tunica albuginea is covered by

Answer 14

the tunica vaginalis- outer

Question 15

tunica vaginalis

Answer 15

is a saccular extension of the peritoneum into the scrotal chambers

Question 16

the inner or visceral layer of the tunic vaginalis covers

Answer 16

the testis and epididymis

Question 17

the outer or parietal layers of the tunica vaginalis lines

Answer 17

the scrotal chamber

Question 18

parietal layer

Answer 18

outermost (followed by skin)

Question 19

visceral layer

Answer 19

innermost, contiguous with testis

Question 20

cavity of the tunica vaginalis

Answer 20

space between the two layers which normally contains a very small amount of serous fluid for lubrication during movement

Question 21

tunica albuginea

Answer 21

a dense fibrous capsule surrounding the testicle

Question 22

tunica albuginea seen sonographically

Answer 22

as an echogenic line on ultrasound

Question 23

appendix testis

Answer 23

a remnant of the Mullerian duct , a small ovoid structure located beneath the head of the epididymis

Question 24

appendix epididymis

Answer 24

small protuberance from the epididymal head easily mistaken for pathology

Question 25

from inner to outer

Answer 25

- seminiferous tubules - rete testis - efferent ductules - ductus epididymis - vas deferens

Question 26

function of the vas deferens

Answer 26

transports sperm from the epididymis to the prostate to be expelled via the urethra

Question 27

the rete testis

Answer 27

is an anastomosing network of delicate tubules located in the hilum of the testicle that carries sperm to the epididymis

Question 28

the efferent ductules carry

Answer 28

the seminal fluid from the rete testis to the epididymis

Question 29

the epididymis is composed

Answer 29

of a head, body and tail

Question 30

epididymis is position

Answer 30

parallel to the testicle

Question 31

the epi head is located

Answer 31

adjacent to the superior pole of the testis

Question 32

the epi tail courses

Answer 32

cephalad as does the vas deferens

Question 33

normal epididymis sonographically

Answer 33

- isoechoic or hypoechoic compared with testis - echo texture coarser

Question 34

normal epididymis measures

Answer 34

6 to 7 cm tubular structure beginning superiorly and then coursing posrerolaterally to testis

Question 35

epididymis head is the

Answer 35

largest part, 6 to 15 mm in width

Question 36

body of the epididymis

Answer 36

smaller than head

Question 37

body of the epididymis follows

Answer 37

posterolateral aspect of testis from upper to lower pole

Question 38

tail of the epididymis

Answer 38

slightly larger and positioned posterior to lower pole of testis

Question 39

appendix of the epididymis

Answer 39

small protuberance from head of epididymis

Question 40

spermatic cord

Answer 40

it runs from the abdomen to the testicle in the scrotum

Question 41

spermatic cord consists of the following

Answer 41

- vas deferens - cremasteric, differential, testicular arteries - pampiniform plexus of veins - lymphatics - nerves

Question 42

tunica vaginalis

Answer 42

Multi-layered membrane lining the inner wall of the scrotum and is continuous with the abdominal peritoneum, best delineated on USD in the presence of pathology

Question 43

dartos muscle

Answer 43

is a layer of muscle fibers lying beneath the scrotal skin and dividing the scrotum into 2 chambers

Question 44

scrotal raphe

Answer 44

the division of the two scrotal chambers (cleavage)

Question 45

scrotal pearl is aka

Answer 45

scrotolith

Question 46

seminiferous tubules

Answer 46

are the specific site of sperm production

Question 47

seminiferous tubules aka

Answer 47

spermatogenesis

Question 48

the septula forms wedge shaped

Answer 48

compartments that contain the seminiferous tubules

Question 49

scrotal pearls is

Answer 49

incidental and appears on the extra testicular surface

Question 50

scrotal pearls are like

Answer 50

macro calcifications inside the scrotum

Question 51

scrotal pearls cover the space of

Answer 51

tunica vaginalis (serosal covering of testes) or sinus of the epididymis

Question 52

scrotal pearls have no

Answer 52

clinical significance

Question 53

scrotal pearls sonographically

Answer 53

echogenic focus with shadowing

Question 54

mediastinum testis

Answer 54

posterior aspect of tunica albuginea reflects into testis to form vertical septum

Question 55

mediastinum sonographically

Answer 55

seen as a linear echogenic line

Question 56

the rete testis

Answer 56

a series of interconnected channels within the mediastinum testis and is not routinely visible on ultrasound unless ectatic

Question 57

what is the primary source of blood flow to the testis

Answer 57

testicular arteries

Question 58

the testicular arteries descend

Answer 58

in the retroperitoneum and enter the spermatic cord in the deep inguinal ring

Question 59

testicular arteries course along the

Answer 59

posterior surface of each testis and pierce the tunica albuginea, forming the capsular arteries, which branch over the surface of the testis

Question 60

the capsular arteries give rise

Answer 60

to centripetal arteries, which course from the testicular surface toward the mediastinum along the septa

Question 61

before reaching the mediastinum, they back curve backward, forming

Answer 61

the recurrent rami (centrifugal arteries)

Question 62

testicular blood flow is supplied by the

Answer 62

- differential artery - cremasteric artery - testicular artery

Question 63

the testicular artery divides into

Answer 63

capsular and centripetal (intratesticular) branches

Question 64

the blood flow in the transmediastinal artery courses from the

Answer 64

mediastinum to the testicular capsule

Question 65

cremasteric artery

Answer 65

-mainly extratesticular structures, i.e. - arise from a branch of the extension of iliac artery