Normal and abnormal findings eyes

Question 1

Q: What are normal vision findings?

Answer 1

A: Clear, sharp vision.

Question 2

Q: What are abnormal vision findings?

Answer 2

A: Decreased acuity: Blurring, clouding, “greyness” (e.g., cataracts).

Question 3

Q: What is a common abnormal finding related to floaters?

Answer 3

A: Floaters: Common with myopia, sudden onset with retinal detachment.

Question 4

Q: What condition is associated with halos around lights?

Answer 4

A: Halos: Associated with acute narrow-angle glaucoma.

Question 5

Q: What is a scotoma?

Answer 5

A: A blind spot surrounded by normal vision (e.g., glaucoma).

Question 6

Q: What are normal findings for night vision?

Answer 6

A: Good night vision.

Question 7

Q: What are causes of night blindness?

Answer 7

A: Associated with optic atrophy, glaucoma, or vitamin A deficiency.

Question 8

Q: What are normal findings regarding eye pain?

Answer 8

A: No pain or photophobia.

Question 9

Q: What is photophobia?

Answer 9

A: Light sensitivity

Question 10

Q: What does sharp eye pain indicate?

Answer 10

A: Could indicate acute glaucoma or a foreign body.

Question 11

Q: What could deep aching eye pain indicate?

Answer 11

A: May indicate orbital cellulitis or other inflammatory conditions.

Question 12

Q: What are normal findings for eye alignment?

Answer 12

A: Eyes aligned and moving symmetrically.

Question 13

Q: What is strabismus?

Answer 13

A: Deviation of eye alignment.

Question 14

Q: What is diplopia?

Answer 14

A: Double vision, constant or intermittent.

Question 15

Q: What are normal findings for conjunctiva and sclera?

Answer 15

A: Clear conjunctiva and sclera, no redness or swelling.

Question 16

Q: What conditions cause eye redness?

Answer 16

A: Conjunctivitis, iritis, acute glaucoma.

Question 17

Q: What conditions cause eye swelling?

Answer 17

A: Dacryoadenitis, styes, or lacrimal duct obstruction.

Question 18

Q: What are normal findings for watering and discharge?

Answer 18

A: No excessive tearing or discharge

Question 19

Q: What causes excessive tearing?

Answer 19

A: Irritants or tear drainage obstruction.

Question 20

Q: What condition is indicated by purulent discharge?

Answer 20

A: Bacterial conjunctivitis.

Question 21

Q: What is a normal ocular history?

Answer 21

A: No history of trauma, surgery, or allergies.

Question 22

Q: What is the risk of eye trauma?

Answer 22

A: Risk of long-term damage.

Question 23

Q: What ocular symptoms can allergies cause?

Answer 23

A: Irritation or conjunctival redness

Question 24

Q: What are normal findings regarding glaucoma history?

Answer 24

A: No history or family history of glaucoma.

Question 25

Q: What does increased intraocular pressure lead to?

Answer 25

A: Peripheral vision loss.

Question 26

Q: What are normal findings for glasses or contacts?

Answer 26

A: Function well; properly maintained.

Question 27

Q: What issues can arise from poor contact lens hygiene?

Answer 27

A: May cause infectio

Question 28

Q: What are normal eye self-care behaviors?

Answer 28

A: Regular vision tests; appropriate eye protection.

Question 29

Q: What does lack of protective eyewear increase the risk of?

Answer 29

A: Trauma.

Question 30

Q: What is a normal finding regarding eye medications?

Answer 30

A: No medications causing ocular side effects.

Question 31

Q: What ocular side effects can prednisone cause?

Answer 31

A: Cataracts or increased intraocular pressure.

Question 32

Q: What are normal findings for external eye structures?

Answer 32

A: Eyebrows symmetrical, lashes evenly distributed, eyelids close completely.

Question 33

Q: What is ptosis?

Answer 33

A: Drooping of the eyelid

Question 34

Q: What are entropion and ectropion?

Answer 34

A: Inward or outward rolling of the eyelid.

Question 35

Q: What are normal findings for the conjunctiva and sclera?

Answer 35

A: Conjunctiva clear, sclera white or grey-blue in dark-skinned individuals

Question 36

Q: What is conjunctivitis?

Answer 36

A: "Pink eye," infection causing redness and irritation.

Question 37

Q: What does yellow sclera indicate?

Answer 37

A: Jaundice.

Question 38

Q: What is PERRLA?

Answer 38

A: Pupils Equal, Round, Reactive to Light and Accommodation.

Question 39

Q: What does anisocoria indicate?

Answer 39

A: Unequal pupil size, possibly due to CNS injury

Question 40

Q: What does miosis indicate?

Answer 40

A: Constricted pupils (e.g., narcotics, iritis).

Question 41

Q: What does mydriasis indicate?

Answer 41

A: Dilated pupils (e.g., CNS injury, acute glaucoma).

Question 42

Q: What are normal findings for the optic disc?

Answer 42

A: Creamy yellow-pink; margins distinct.

Question 43

Q: What does papilledema (optic disc swelling) indicate?

Answer 43

A: Blurred margins, increased intracranial pressure.

Question 44

Q: What are normal findings for retinal vessels?

Answer 44

A: Normal pairing and calibre.

Question 45

Q: What condition is arteriovenous nicking associated with?

Answer 45

A: Hypertension.

Question 46

Q: What condition are microaneurysms associated with?

Answer 46

A: Diabetic retinopathy.

Question 47

Q: What are normal findings for the macula?

Answer 47

A: Even color; foveal reflex visible.

Question 48

Q: What do hemorrhages or exudates in the macula indicate?

Answer 48

A: Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) or trauma.

Question 49

Q: What are cataracts?

Answer 49

A: Age-related lens opacity.

Question 50

Q: What is AMD?

Answer 50

A: Loss of central vision.

Question 51

Q: What is glaucoma?

Answer 51

A: Peripheral vision loss from increased intraocular pressure.

Question 52

Q: What is diabetic retinopathy

Answer 52

A: Microaneurysms and hemorrhages in the retina.