Normal Circuits

Question 1

Five legs of normal circuit

Answer 1

Upwind
Crosswind
Downwind
Base
Final

Question 2

Static RPM

Answer 2

Acceptable range of RPM at beginning of take off roll.

Question 3

Vr

Answer 3

Rotation airspeed

Question 4

Vtoss

Answer 4

Take off safety speed. Generally equals stall speed x 1.2 (so ~ 60 knots).

Question 5

Minimum height to turn from upwind to crosswind after takeoff

Answer 5

500’ AGL

Question 6

Minimum height to turn from base to final

Answer 6

500’ AGL

Question 7

Vref

Answer 7

Approach speed for landing. Equals stall speed x 1.3 (so ~75 knots).

Question 8

Vref is established on _________ and maintained until __________ commences.

Answer 8

Final, Landing

Question 9

Target on final to be established at Vref

Answer 9

Mid-final, approx 300’ AGL

Question 10

When there is a headwind above 10 knots, Vref needs to be [increased][decreased]

Answer 10

Increased (due to reduction of headwind component that occurs near ground – windshear)

Question 11

Formula for adjusting Vref for headwinds above 10 knots.

Answer 11

Increase Vref by 1/2 knot for each knot of headwind above 10 knots (e.g., if 20 knot headwind, increase Vref by 10 knots)

Question 12

Target Threshold Speed (TTS)

Answer 12

Vref as adjusted for headwinds above 10 knots

Question 13

Maximum addition to Vref on account of headwinds in PA-28

Answer 13

10 knots (taking Vref from 65 knots to TTS of 75 knots)

Question 14

Rolling checks during take off (4 items)

Answer 14

Static RPM achieved
Ts/Ps all in green
Airspeed alive
Maintain runway centerline

Question 15

After take off, confirm you have achieved your ______

Answer 15

Vtoss

Question 16

Aim of the upwind leg

Answer 16

To climb to 500’ AGL on extended runway center line

Question 17

After take off checks at 300’ AGL (5 items)

Answer 17

Flaps -- UP
Power -- CHECK
Instruments -- GREEN
Lights -- AS REQUIRED
Reference Point -- SELECTED

Question 18

At 400’ AGL and before initiating crosswind turn, carry out a good ____________ and select a __________

Answer 18

Lookout, Reference point

Question 19

Spacing: As a general rule, you should not commence the crosswind turn until the aircraft ahead of you has ___________

Answer 19

Passed abeam of you on its downwind

Question 20

The crosswind turn MUST commence at a minimum of __________ AGL and at a maximum angle of bank of ______ degrees while maintaining speed of ______.

Answer 20

500’ AGL, 15 degrees, Vy (max rate of climb)

Question 21

Aim of crosswind leg

Answer 21

To track perpendicular to runway and continue the climb to 1000’ AGL

Question 22

To turn from upwind to crosswind, after lookout, select a visual reference positioned _____________ of the wing and initiate a climbing turn at _____ AoB to your selected reference point.

Answer 22

Just ahead of the leading edge, 15 degrees

Question 23

ALAP work cycle on crosswind – specific elements of attitude to focus on

Answer 23

Speed – maintain Vy
Altitude – anticipate before reaching 1,000’ AGL
Heading – perp to runway; maintain reference point

Question 24

Leveling out of take off climb at 1000’ AGL can occur during either __________ or _____________.

Answer 24

Crosswind leg, turn onto downwind leg

Question 25

Turn onto downwind should be initiated when _______________

Answer 25

Upwind runway threshold is at 45 degrees behind us

Question 26

Aim of downwind leg

Answer 26

To fly level at 1,000' AGL parallel to runway at correct spacing

Question 27

PAST for downwind leg

Answer 27

Cruise flight: 1/3 ground 2/3 sky (4 fingers); 2,400 RPM

Question 28

Work cycle on downwind leg (HHSS)

Answer 28

Height -- 1,000' AGL (trim as soon as possible) Heading -- adjust to account for wind conditions Speed -- 95-105 knots (ideally 100 knots) Spacing -- runway running thru wing 1/3 in from tip

Question 29

After completing the initial work cycle on the downwind leg and stabilizing the aircraft, then conduct the ____________ as early as possible on the downwind leg

Answer 29

Pre-landing checks

Question 30

Pre-landing checks -- BUMFISH

Answer 30

Brakes/park brake -- OFF Undercarriage -- FIXED DOWN Mixture -- FULL RICH Fuel -- SUFFICIENT QTY, FULLEST TANK SELECTED Instruments -- GREEN Switches -- BATT/ALT/FUEL PUMP/RAD/LGTS ALL ON Harnesses/hatches -- FASTEN/LOCK

Question 31

On downwind, after pre-landing checks (BUMFISH), _____________ again before ___________

Answer 31

Work cycle (HHSS), passing end of runway

Question 32

Radio call required early on downwind

Answer 32

Bankstown tower, ABC, downwind, full stop/touch & go

Question 33

On downwind, set up approach configuration when ______________

Answer 33

Airplane approaches 30 degrees from landing threshold (e.g. threshold appears behind trailing edge of wing)

Question 34

Sequence of activities on downwind leg

Answer 34

``` Attitude -- HHSS Radio call Pre-landing checks (BUMFISH) Attitude -- HHSS Set up approach descent configuration Lookout Turn onto base leg ```

Question 35

The position at which you turn onto base leg is that point where the airplane is at ________________

Answer 35

45% to the landing threshold

Question 36

The AoB for the turn from downwind onto base should be ____________

Answer 36

20 degrees

Question 37

Aim of base leg

Answer 37

To position the airplane at 500' AGL on the extended center line of the runway on the correct glide slope and at the correct IAS.

Question 38

Work cycle to use on base leg

Answer 38

AAA Attitude -- 1/2 1/2 Airspeed -- 75 knots trimmed Aspect -- too close/far/high/low

Question 39

When on base, _______ controls airspeed and _________ controls aspect

Answer 39

Power, Attitude

Question 40

Aim of final approach leg

Answer 40

To fly the airplane down the correct glide slope so as to be able to commence the roundabout at the threshold at the nominated threshold speed