Normal Development Flashcards
what is developed influenced by?
genetics
nutrition
environment
how is development assessed?
milestones
define developmental milestones
key stages when a new skill is developed
classification of developmental milestones
median age
limit age
define median age in terms of developmental milestones
age when 50% of population achieve a skill (variation is normal)
define limit age in terms of developmental milestones
age when skill should have been acquired by 97.5% of children (2SD)
principles of development
continuous process affected by maturation of nervous system sequence same, but rate varies cephalocaudal direction (head to tail) generalised mass activity first then more specific controlled movements
four areas of development
gross motor
fine motor and vision
language and hearing
social behaviour and play
head control (gross motor)
3 months
sitting balance (gross motor)
6 months
crawling (gross motor)
9 months
standing (gross motor)
12months
running (gross motor)
18 months
stairs- 2 feet per tread (gross motor)
24 months
stairs- alternative feet (gross motor)
36 months
hops (gross motor)
48 months
what needs to be lost for gross motor skills to develop?
when primitive reflexes are lost
examples of primitive reflexes
sucking and rooting palmar and plantar grasp ATNR (fencing reflex- uneven surfaces) moro (startled when head falls back) stepping and placing
example of a condition where primitive reflexes may not be lost
cerebral palsy
hand regard in midline (fine motor and vision)
3 months
grasp toy palmar(fine motor and vision)
6 months
scissor grasp (fine motor and vision)
9months
pincer grasp (fine motor and vision)
12 months
tower 3-4 bricks (fine motor and vision)
18 months
